Lewistonis a city and thecounty seatofNez Perce County, Idaho,United States, in the state'snorth central region.[3]It is the third-largest city in thenorthern Idahoregion, behindPost FallsandCoeur d'Alene,and the twelfth-largest in the state. Lewiston is the principal city of theLewiston, ID-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area,which includes all of Nez Perce County andAsotin County, Washington.As of the2020 census,the population of Lewiston was 34,203, up from 31,894 in 2010.[4]
Lewiston | |
|---|---|
Reid Hall Clock Tower atLewis–Clark State College Nez Perce CountyCourthouse Aerial of Lewiston and the Port of Lewiston | |
| Nicknames: | |
 Location of Lewiston in Nez Perce County, Idaho | |
  Lewiston Location in theUnited States  Lewiston Location inIdaho | |
| Coordinates:46°25′N117°01′W/ 46.41°N 117.02°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Idaho |
| County | Nez Perce |
| Founded | 1861 |
| Incorporated | 1861 |
| Named for | Meriwether Lewis |
| Government | |
| • Type | Strong-Mayor[1] |
| •Mayor | Dan G. Johnson |
| Area | |
•City | 18.11 sq mi (46.89 km2) |
| • Land | 17.30 sq mi (44.81 km2) |
| • Water | 0.81 sq mi (2.08 km2) |
| Elevation | 745 ft (227 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
•City | 34,203 |
| • Density | 1,895.15/sq mi (731.71/km2) |
| •Metro | 61,476 (US:365th) |
| Time zone | UTC−8(PST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−7(PDT) |
| ZIP code | 83501 |
| Area code(s) | 208, 986(208 |
| FIPS code | 16-46540 |
| GNISfeature ID | 0396788 |
| Website | www |
Lewiston is located at the confluence of theSnake RiverandClearwater River,thirty miles (50 km) upstream and southeast of theLower Granite Dam.Dams and locks on the Snake andColumbia Riversmake Lewiston reachable by some ocean-going vessels.The Portof Lewiston is Idaho's only seaport, and is the farthest inland port linked to the Pacific Ocean. TheLewiston-Nez Perce County Airportserves the city by air.
Lewiston was founded in 1861 in the wake of agold rushwhich began the previous year nearPierce,northeast of Lewiston. The city was incorporated by the Washington Territorial Legislature in January 1863. In March 1863, Lewiston became the firstcapitalof the newly createdIdaho Territory.Its stint as seat of the new territory's government was short-lived, inasmuch as a resolution to move the capital south toBoisewas passed by the Idaho Territorial Legislature on December 7, 1864.
Lewiston's main industries are agriculture, paper, and timber products, and light manufacturing. Ammunition manufacturing maintains a very important and growing presence in Lewiston, being the headquarters of ammunition makersCCIand Speer Bullet. The city is the primary regional transportation, retail, health care, and entertainment center of the surrounding area and serves as a recreation destination for theHells Canyon National Recreation Area.
Lewiston is home toLewis–Clark State College,a publicundergraduatecollege. Community events in Lewiston include the Dogwood Festival, Hot August Nights, and the Lewiston Roundup.[5][6][7]
History
edit
This sectionneeds additional citations forverification.(May 2021) |
TheNimiipuu(Nez Perce) have inhabited the area for thousands of years. The first people of European ancestry to visit the Lewiston area were members of theDavid Thompsonexpedition of 1803. Thompson was looking to establishfur tradingposts for theHudson's Bay Companyof British North America (now Canada). Thompson established the first white settlement in Idaho, MacKenzie's Post. But it soon failed as the local Nez Perce tribe's men considered beaver trapping to be women's work, the tribe was migratory and apparently women thought they already had enough to do. This was followed by theLewis and Clark Expeditionin October1805.At the future townsite, they encountered settlements of the native Nez Perce, and they returned to the valley on their eastward trip from the Pacific in the spring of 1806.
The town is believed to have been named afterMeriwether Lewisand after Victor Trevitt's hometown ofLewiston, Maine,but people did not know that was the reason Trevitt shouted the idea out. He simply stated the "Journal of Lewis and Clark" talked about being in the valley. The town was founded 163 years ago in 1861,[9]in the wake of agold rushwhich began the previous year nearPierce,northeast of Lewiston leading to theNez Perce Warand the removal of Nez Perce. The first newspaper in present-day Idaho,The Golden Age,began publication in the city of Lewiston,Washington Territoryin 1862, and was joined by the present (and only) newspaper, theLewiston Morning Tribunein September 1892. In March 1863 Lewiston became the capital of the newly createdIdaho Territory.Thomas J. Beall, one of the first three white settlers in Lewiston, wrote many of theLewiston Tribune's first articles, and continued to do so until his death at the age of 89.
The city's stint as a seat of the new territory's government was short-lived. As the gold rush quieted in northern Idaho, it heated up in a new mineral rush insouthwestern Idaho,centered inIdaho City,which became the largest city in the Northwest in the mid-1860s. A resolution in late 1864 to have the capital moved from Lewiston toBoisewas passed by the Idaho Territorial Legislature on December 7, six weeks before the territorial legislature's session legally began, and after litigation, on a split decision decided by one vote on the territorial supreme court on geographic lines.
Boise became the capital in 1866; the move was very unpopular in northern Idaho and in violation of a court order. So, the territorial governor,Caleb Lyonand the territorial secretary, secretly took the territorial seal, archives, and treasury, and fled from Lewiston. Lyon went down river toPortland, Oregon,a trip marked by the alleged theft of the treasury from his steamship cabin. The territorial secretary departed southward for Boise to avoid the public outrage that was sure to erupt.
North Idahoans were somewhat placated in 1889 when theUniversity of Idahowas awarded to nearbyMoscow,thirty miles (50 km) north, and began instruction in 1892. Lewiston State Normal School, now Lewis-Clark State College, was established in 1893, as was another normal school or teacher education college, now defunct, in the south atAlbion.These were the state's first three institutions of higher education. Lewiston was the site of the first public school in Idaho, in 1862. In December 1880, the district was the first to be chartered by the Legislature and thus carries the designation of Lewiston Independent School District #1. (Boise was second, opening school doors in 1865.)
The City of Lewiston’s high reservoir failed on January 18, 2023. The failure caused flooding with the release of approximately three million gallons of water.[10]
Geography
edit
Lewiston is located at the confluence of theSnakeandClearwaterrivers. Immediately west of Lewiston is the smaller twin city ofClarkston, Washington.The north-flowing Snake River departsHells Canyonand forms the state boundary withWashington,while west-flowing Clearwater River defines the northern border of the city. At their confluence at the city's northwest corner, the lower Snake River turns west into Washington, and after passing four dams, empties into theColumbia RiveratBurbank.
About Thirty miles (50 km) northwest of the city is theLower Granite Dam,the last and upper-most of the four dams on the lower Snake River. It was completed 49 years ago in 1975,[11]creating a reservoir,Lower Granite Lakethat stretches to Lewiston.
According to theU.S. Census Bureau,the city has a total area of 18.04 square miles (46.72 km2), of which 17.23 square miles (44.63 km2) is land and 0.81 square miles (2.10 km2) is water.[12] Downtown Lewiston, at elevations between 740 feet (230 m) and 780 feet (240 m), is only slightly higher inelevationthan the river, about 741 ft (226 m), which was thirty feet (9 m) lower prior to the completion of theLower Granite Dam.Away from downtown the terrain gains elevation quickly, as the steep riverbank highway ofU.S. 95north of Lewiston ascends to 2,756 feet (840 m).
Thelowest pointin the state of Idaho is located on the Snake River in Lewiston, where it meets the Clearwater and flows west into Washington. The populated areas in Idaho with the lowest elevations are along (or near) the Clearwater River, fromLowellat 1,486 feet (453 m) to Lewiston.
The Orchards
edit
The heavily residential southern half of the city is referred to as "The Orchards". This area is much higher in elevation than downtown, at about 1,400 ft (425 m), and is named for thefruit orchardsthat previously covered the area. Formerly unincorporated, it wasannexedin late 1969,[13][14][15]which nearly doubled the city's population and doubled the area of the city. There is little sign of any orchards today, although there is a wide proliferation of fruit trees in the backyards of many residences in this area of town. TheLewiston-Nez Perce County Airportis located on the western edge of the Orchards plateau at 1,438 feet (438 m) above sea level, with Bryden Canyon Road providing westbound access via theSouthway Bridgeinto Clarkston.
Climate
editLewiston experiences asemi-arid climate(KöppenBSk) with occasionally cold, but short, winters, mostly influenced by mild Pacific air, and hot, dry summers. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 35.2 °F (1.8 °C) in December to 75.8 °F (24.3 °C) in July; the temperature reaches 100 °F (38 °C) on 7.7 afternoons, 90 °F (32 °C) on 42 afternoons, and does not rise above freezing on 14 afternoons annually. The last year that Lewiston did not reach 100 °F (37.8 °C) was back in 1995.[16]Precipitation averages 12.31 inches (31 cm) annually, including an average seasonal snowfall of 10.5 inches (27 cm).[16]
At 195 days, the growing season is relatively long, with the average window for freezing temperatures being October 23 thru April 10.[16]The planthardiness zoneof Lewiston is 7b with some pockets of 8a. Temperatures below 0 °F (−18 °C) are quite rare. Extreme temperatures range from −23 °F (−31 °C) on December 13, 1919 to 117 °F (47 °C) on July 27, 1939.Tornadoesare very rare with only three tornadoes being reported in Nez Perce County since 1950, and the only significant tornado was anF2inLapwaion May 8, 1962.[17][18]
| Climate data forLewiston–Nez Perce County Airport,Idaho (1991−2020 normals,[a]extremes 1881−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 66 (19) |
72 (22) |
80 (27) |
98 (37) |
104 (40) |
115 (46) |
117 (47) |
115 (46) |
108 (42) |
94 (34) |
77 (25) |
67 (19) |
117 (47) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 56.1 (13.4) |
59.4 (15.2) |
69.1 (20.6) |
79.1 (26.2) |
88.9 (31.6) |
96.2 (35.7) |
103.8 (39.9) |
103.5 (39.7) |
95.2 (35.1) |
80.0 (26.7) |
63.0 (17.2) |
55.5 (13.1) |
105.3 (40.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 42.1 (5.6) |
47.0 (8.3) |
55.1 (12.8) |
62.3 (16.8) |
72.0 (22.2) |
79.0 (26.1) |
90.8 (32.7) |
90.1 (32.3) |
79.5 (26.4) |
63.0 (17.2) |
48.7 (9.3) |
40.8 (4.9) |
64.2 (17.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 36.2 (2.3) |
39.3 (4.1) |
45.4 (7.4) |
51.5 (10.8) |
60.0 (15.6) |
66.5 (19.2) |
75.8 (24.3) |
75.2 (24.0) |
65.9 (18.8) |
52.5 (11.4) |
41.6 (5.3) |
35.2 (1.8) |
53.8 (12.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 30.3 (−0.9) |
31.7 (−0.2) |
35.7 (2.1) |
40.7 (4.8) |
48.1 (8.9) |
54.0 (12.2) |
60.9 (16.1) |
60.3 (15.7) |
52.3 (11.3) |
42.0 (5.6) |
34.5 (1.4) |
29.5 (−1.4) |
43.3 (6.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 14.8 (−9.6) |
18.2 (−7.7) |
24.6 (−4.1) |
30.9 (−0.6) |
36.2 (2.3) |
44.1 (6.7) |
50.7 (10.4) |
49.9 (9.9) |
40.4 (4.7) |
28.2 (−2.1) |
20.8 (−6.2) |
14.5 (−9.7) |
7.5 (−13.6) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −22 (−30) |
−18 (−28) |
2 (−17) |
20 (−7) |
23 (−5) |
34 (1) |
41 (5) |
41 (5) |
27 (−3) |
15 (−9) |
−3 (−19) |
−23 (−31) |
−23 (−31) |
| Averageprecipitationinches (mm) | 1.13 (29) |
1.04 (26) |
1.30 (33) |
1.44 (37) |
1.69 (43) |
1.25 (32) |
0.47 (12) |
0.51 (13) |
0.60 (15) |
1.08 (27) |
1.23 (31) |
1.13 (29) |
12.87 (327) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 2.7 (6.9) |
3.8 (9.7) |
0.8 (2.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.3 (3.3) |
4.1 (10) |
12.7 (32) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 11.2 | 9.6 | 11.7 | 11.3 | 10.6 | 8.9 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 8.7 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 106.2 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 2.3 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 11.0 |
| Averagedew point°F (°C) | 25.3 (−3.7) |
27.0 (−2.8) |
32.9 (0.5) |
33.3 (0.7) |
41.0 (5.0) |
46.6 (8.1) |
46.6 (8.1) |
43.7 (6.5) |
41.0 (5.0) |
39.2 (4.0) |
32.5 (0.3) |
29.3 (−1.5) |
36.5 (2.5) |
| Source 1: NOAA (dew point 1961–1990)[19][20] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service[21] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit2020 census
editAs of the 2020 census, there were 34,203 people, and 13,895 households in the city.[4]Thepopulation densitywas 1,974.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 93.6%White,0.1%African American,0.9%Native American,1.0%Asian,0.0%Pacific Islander,and 3.6% from two or more races.[4]Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.0% of the population.
21.4% of the population were under 18, and 5.4% were under 5. 19.4% of the population was over 65. The gender makeup was 51.4% female, 48.6% male.[4]
The median household income was $60,581 in the city, and the per capita income was $33,255. 15.2% of the population were below thepoverty line.[4]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 739 | — | |
| 1890 | 849 | 14.9% | |
| 1900 | 2,425 | 185.6% | |
| 1910 | 6,043 | 149.2% | |
| 1920 | 6,574 | 8.8% | |
| 1930 | 9,403 | 43.0% | |
| 1940 | 10,548 | 12.2% | |
| 1950 | 12,985 | 23.1% | |
| 1960 | 12,691 | −2.3% | |
| 1970 | 26,068 | 105.4% | |
| 1980 | 27,986 | 7.4% | |
| 1990 | 28,082 | 0.3% | |
| 2000 | 30,904 | 10.0% | |
| 2010 | 31,894 | 3.2% | |
| 2020 | 34,203 | 7.2% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[22] Orchards annexed in late 1969.[13][15] | |||
2010 census
edit
As of thecensus[23]of 2010, there were 31,894 people, 13,324 households, and 8,201 families residing in the city. Thepopulation densitywas 1,851.1 inhabitants per square mile (714.7/km2). There were 14,057 housing units at an average density of 815.8 per square mile (315.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.9%White,0.3%African American,1.7%Native American,0.8%Asian,0.1%Pacific Islander,0.7% fromother races,and 2.4% from two or more races.HispanicorLatinoof any race were 2.8% of the population.
There were 13,324 households, of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% weremarried couplesliving together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.4% were non-families. 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.87.
The median age in the city was 39.9 years. 21.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 25.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.
2000 census
editAs of the census of 2000, there were 30,905 people, 12,795 households, and 8,278 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,873.0 inhabitants per square mile (723.2/km2). There were 13,394 housing units at an average density of 811.8 per square mile (313.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.14% White, 0.30% African American, 1.59% Native American, 0.76% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.91% of the population.
There were 12,795 households, out of which 28.7% included children under the age of 18, 51.3% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% were a single person living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $36,606, and the median income for a family was $45,410. Males had a median income of $35,121 versus $22,805 for females. Theper capita incomefor the city was $19,091. About 8.4% of families and 12.0% of the population were below thepoverty line,including 15.2% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those aged 65 or over.
Historical demographics
editEconomy
edit
Lewiston's economy has historically been driven by agriculture and manufacturing activity. Lewiston's location at the confluence of theSnake RiverandClearwater Rivermade it a natural distribution point due to itsseaport.[26]The Port of Lewiston is Idaho's only seaport and is navigable forbargeswhich transport grain, fuel, legumes, paper, lumber and other goods up and down the Columbia River and out to the Pacific Ocean.[27][28]About ten percent of the United States' wheat exports transits through the port.[29]
The first barge went toPortland;it was loaded with wheat and departed Lewiston on August 9, 1975.[30][31]
Lewiston's main industries are agriculture, the paper and timber products from the mill owned and operated by theClearwater Paper Corporation(until December 2008, a part of thePotlatch Corporation), and light manufacturing.
Paper product manufacturer,Clearwater Paperis the largest employer in the manufacturing sector;[27]itspulp and papermill began operations in late 1950.[32][33]Ammunition manufacturing maintains an important and growing presence in Lewiston.[34]Ammunition makerCCI,and Speer Bullet (both now brands ofVista Outdoor) are headquartered in Lewiston.[34][35][36]Another ammunition company in Lewiston is Freedom Munitions LLC.[37]Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories,based inPullman,has a manufacturing facility in Lewiston.
As the metropolitan hub of the Lewis-Clark Valley, Lewiston is the primary regional transportation, retail, health care, wholesale and professional services, and entertainment center.[27]In 2017, the Lewiston, ID–Clarkston, WA metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of $2.5 billion.[38]With the presence ofLewis–Clark State College,it is also a center for education and workforce training.
Lewiston's economy is slowly diversifying, which has helped keep the economy stable.[26]Lewiston serves as a recreation destination for theHells Canyon National Recreation Area.[27]
Arts and culture
edit
In springtime, Lewiston hosts the Dogwood Festival. This celebration is named for the abundantdogwood treesthat are in fragrant bloom during the festival. During and shortly after the festival these pink blossoms blow through yards and streets like drifts of snow. The festival also hosts the "Show and Shine" classic car show alongside the other attractions.[39]
During late summer, "Hot August Nights" takes place. This celebration includes concerts by popular 1950s to 1980s musicians, such as.38 Special,Eddie Money,andLoverboy.There's also a show and shine for collectible cars, followed by a night parade along Main Street. During thefall,a number ofcottonwoodtrees release cotton-like clouds of seeds that blow through the air and streets, blanketing them with a snow-like cover.
The town has a largeChristmasfestival that includes a number of lighted displays in the downtown area. At the site of what was originally the Johann D. C. Thiessen mansion and ranch, now Locomotive Park, so named because of the retiredlocomotiveSteam Engine 92 andCamas Prairie RRCabooseon display in the middle, large trees and pathways are decorated with lights fromThanksgivingtoNew Year's.These events are sponsored by theChamber of Commerce,and the displays involved are typically quite impressive and often attract many visitors.
During the Christmas andEasterseasons, the Lewiston Jaycees have two large lighted displays on the Lewiston Hill (technically, the Washington side, and specifically, in Whitman County, above Clarkston in Washington state), visible from nearly everywhere in the valley. The display consists of long strings of ordinary light bulbs, arranged in the shape of a star (Christmas) and a cross (Easter). The same strings of lights are used in both displays, which, when lit, are left burning 24 hours a day through each season.
Every year, with cooperation from the city, Lewis-Clark State College hosts the Avista NAIA World Series forcollege baseballin May, and the Lewiston Round Uprodeoin September. The Lewiston Round Up is a member of the Big 4 or Big Money 4 (along withPendleton Round-Up,Walla WallaFair and Rodeo, andEllensburg Rodeo) and a top 50PRCArodeo.
Lewiston had a popularNorthwest Leagueprofessionalbaseballfranchise from 1952 through 1974. TheLewis-Clark Broncswere affiliated with variousmajor leagueparent clubs, including thePhiladelphia Phillies,Kansas City Athletics,St. Louis Cardinals,Baltimore Orioles,andOakland Athletics(or A's). A roster check in1967showed that 40% of the players and coaches of the Kansas City Athletics had been in Lewiston at one time or another.Reggie Jacksonwas perhaps the most famous Lewiston Bronc of all-time;Mr. Octoberplayed twelve games for Lewiston at age 20 in 1966. The Broncs' rosters includedRick Monday,[40]managerJohn McNamara,Vearl ( "Snag" ) Moore, Thorton ( "Kip" ) Kipper, Antonio Perez, Ron Koepper, Delmer Owen,Dick Green,Bud Swan,Bert Campaneris,John Israel,Dave Duncan,Al Heist, and as a player, later coach-manager Robert ( "Gabby" ) Williams. After years of financial losses, the team was shut down in Lewiston in January 1975,[41][42]and resurfaced in June insouthwestern Idahoas theBoise A'sfortwo seasons.[43]
Education
edit
Lewiston is home toLewis-Clark State Collegeand theLewiston School District;[44]the latter operates publicsecondary schools,which areLewiston High School,Jenifer Middle School, andSacajaweaMiddle School. The seven elementary schools are Whitman, Webster, Centennial, Orchards, Camelot, McGhee, and McSorley.
TheNorthwest Children´s Homehas a treatment facility in Lewiston.
The Lewiston School District is Independent School District #1.
Lewis-Clark State College is also the athletic home to theWarriorsof theNational Association of Intercollegiate Athletics(NAIA); LCSC'sHarris Fieldballparkhosts theNAIA World Series,of which the Warriors have won 19 national titles inbaseball;the first sixteen were under head coachEd Cheff.
Media
editLewiston's newspaper is theLewiston Morning Tribune,founded 132 years ago in 1892. The local television station isKLEW-TV,aCBSaffiliatewhich signed-on December 7, 1955.
Infrastructure
editHighways
editAirport
editNonstop scheduled passenger airline service toDenver(DEN) viaUnited Express,Salt Lake City(SLC) andSeattle-Tacoma(SEA) viaDelta Connectionis operated from theLewiston - Nez Perce County Airport(LWS) with both air carriers operating regional jet aircraft on behalf of their respective major airline partners,United AirlinesandDelta Air Lines.[45]
Marine highways
editBecause of the system of locks anddams on the Columbia Riversuch as the Lower Granite Dam, Lewiston is navigable by some ocean-going vessels and is the eastern terminus of Marine Highway M-84 of theUnited States Marine Highway Programwhich connects to the M-5 along the coast atAstoria, Oregon.[46] [47]At 465 miles (750 km) upstream of thePacific Ocean(at themouthof the Columbia River, adjacent to Astoria, Oregon), the Port of Lewiston has the distinction of being the most inland seaport east of theWest Coast,[48]and Idaho's only seaport.
Also, along much of the Snake River is a system ofleveesto protect against flooding; most are maintained by theU.S. ArmyCorps of Engineers.
Notable people
edit- Austin Arnett,MMA fighter
- Bryan Fuller,screenwriter, television producer
- Julie Gibson,actress
- Sean Paul Lockhart,actor, film producer
- Michael P. Mitchell,member of theIdaho Legislature
- Jack O'Connor,author, hunting and shooting sports editor ofOutdoor Life
- Jason Schmidt,Major League Baseball pitcher
- Jake Scott,guard withPhiladelphia Eagles
- Grace Vollmer,painter[49]
References
editNotes
edit- ^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
Citations
edit- ^"Lewiston strong mayor approved; Dan Johnson wins seat".The Lewiston Tribune.April 13, 2022.RetrievedMay 11,2022.
- ^"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files".United States Census Bureau.Archivedfrom the original on October 16, 2020.RetrievedJuly 9,2020.
- ^"Find a County".National Association of Counties.Archivedfrom the original on May 31, 2011.RetrievedJune 7,2011.
- ^abcde"Explore Census Data".data.census.gov.RetrievedDecember 8,2021.
- ^Spence, William L. (August 27, 2018)."Lewiston's annual car show offers fuel for fantasies".The Spokesman-Review (Spokane, Washington).p. C4.
- ^Ferri, John (April 16, 1993)."Lewiston's Dogwood Festival is in bloom this weekend".The Spokesman-Review (Spokane, Washington).p. 68.
- ^Barker, Eric (September 12, 2021)."Lewiston Roundup wraps up".The Lewiston Tribune.
- ^Sorensen, Eric (1997)."Lewiston Landmark Gutted By Morning Blaze; FBI Office Housed In Bollinger Building, But Arson Not Suspected By Officials".The Spokesman-Review.RetrievedDecember 12,2020.
- ^"History: Important Idaho Dates".The Official Website of the State of Idaho.September 19, 2019.RetrievedFebruary 11,2021.
- ^Moudy, Shannon; Perez, Brianda (January 19, 2023)."City of Lewiston continues investigating reservoir failure that caused property damage".KREM2.RetrievedJanuary 22,2023.
- ^Harrell, Sylvia (June 20, 1975)."Dedication: Andrus brings a warning".Lewiston Morning Tribune.p. 1.Archivedfrom the original on May 11, 2017.RetrievedOctober 18,2019.
- ^"US Gazetteer files 2010".United States Census Bureau.Archived fromthe originalon January 25, 2012.RetrievedDecember 18,2012.
- ^abHollister, Hal (December 17, 1969)."Orchards tracts now part of city".Lewiston Morning Tribune.p. 14.
- ^Brigham, Janet (December 28, 1969)."Annexation: biggest story of year 1969".Lewiston Morning Tribune.p. 18.
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Further reading
edit- Mueller, Gene (1980)Lewiston: From packtrains and tent saloons to highways and brick stores: a century of progress, 1861-1962OCLC 890507211
- Mueller, Gene (1986)Lewiston: A pictorial historyLewiston Chamber of Commerce OCLC 15344376
External links
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