This is alist ofproxy wars.Major powers have been highlighted in bold. A proxy war is defined as "a war fought between groups of smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support from these".

Pre-World War I proxy wars

edit
War Dates Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Sicilian Expedition 415–413 BC Athens
In support of:
Segesta
Supported by:
Delian League
Sparta Corinth
In support of:
Syracuse
Supported by:

Peloponnesian League

Spartan-Corinthian-Syracusian victory
Egyptian–Ottoman War 1839–1841 Egypt-aligned powers:
Egypt
FranceFrance
SpainSpain
Allied powers:
United KingdomBritish Empire
Austrian EmpireAustrian Empire
Russian EmpireRussian Empire
Kingdom of PrussiaKingdom of Prussia

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

Compromise
Uruguayan Civil War 1839–1851 Colorados
Unitarian Party
Empire of Brazil
Italian Legion
FranceFrance
Great Britain
Blancos
Argentine Confederation
Colorado victory
First Samoan Civil War 1886–1894 SamoaTamasese
German EmpireGerman Empire
SamoaMata'afans

Supported by:
United StatesUnited States

Stalemate
Second Samoan Civil War 1898–1899 SamoaMata'afans
German EmpireGerman Empire
SamoaSamoa
United KingdomUnited Kingdom
United StatesUnited States
Stalemate
Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903 1902–1903 United KingdomUnited Kingdom[1]
German Empire[1]
ItalyItaly[1]

Supported by:
SpainSpain
MexicoMexico
BelgiumBelgium
NetherlandsNetherlands

VenezuelaVenezuela[1]

Supported by:
ArgentinaArgentina

United StatesUnited States[1]

Compromise
Somaliland campaign 1910–1920 Dervish State

Supported by:
Ottoman Empire
German Empire
Ethiopian Empire(1913–1916)

British Empire[2]
Ethiopian Empire[2]

Supported by:
Italian Empire[2]
Sultanate of Hobyo[2]

Collapse of the Dervish State

Inter-war period proxy wars

edit
War Dates Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Finnish Civil War 1918[3][4] Finland[3][4]

White Guard[3][4]


Supported by:
Germany[3][4]
Red Guards[3][4]
Supported by:
Russian SFSR[3][4]
Finnish Whites victory

[3][4]

Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 1918–1920 Czechoslovakia
RomaniaKingdom of Romania
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
First Czechoslovak Republic
France
Kingdom of HungaryKingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Italy
Hungarian Democratic Republic
Hungarian Republic of Councils
Slovak Soviet Republic

Supported by:
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicRussian SFSR[5][6]

Hungarian defeat
Turkish War of Independence 1919–1923 Greece
France[7][8]
Armenia
United Kingdom[7]
Ottoman EmpireIstanbul Government[9]
Italy[10]
Georgia
Ankara Government
Supported by:
Russian SFSR[11]
Italy(alleged)[10]
Azerbaijan SSR
Turkish victory[12][13][14]
Chinese Civil War 1927–1937, 1945–1950[15][16] KMT
NRA[15][16]
Supported by:
Weimar Republic(1929–33)[15]
Nazi Germany(1933–37)[16]
CPC[15][16]
PLA[15][16]
Supported by:
Soviet Union[15][16]
Communistvictory on the mainland and then diplomatic field in 1971, Taiwan Strait stalemate[15][16]
Chaco War 1932–1935 Bolivia
Supported by:
Standard Oil(alleged)[17]
Paraguay
Supported by:
Argentina[18][19][20][21]
Royal Dutch Shell(alleged)[17]
Paraguayan victory
Spanish Civil War 1936–1939[22][23] SpainNationalists
Supported by:
Italy

Nazi GermanyNazi Germany
Portugal

Second Spanish RepublicRepublicans
Supported by:
Soviet UnionSoviet Union
Mexico[24]

FranceFrance(1936)[25]

Nationalist victory

Cold War proxy wars

edit
War Dates Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Chinese Civil War 1944–1949[26] CPC
PLA[15][16]
Supported by:
Soviet Union
KMT
NRA
Supported by:
United States
Communist victory on the mainland and then diplomatic field in 1971, Taiwan Strait stalemate
Iran crisis of 1946 1945–1946 Azerbaijan People's Republic
Republic of Mahabad

Supported by:
Soviet Union

IranImperial State of Iran

Supported by:
United States

Iranian victory
Greek Civil War 1946–1949[27][28] Greek communists (Democratic Army of Greece,National Liberation Front,Greek People's Liberation Army,Communist Party of Greece)[27][28]
Supported by:
People's Socialist Republic of AlbaniaAlbania[27]
Bulgaria[27]
Yugoslavia[27]
Greece[27][28]
Supported by:
United Kingdom[27][28]
United States
Kingdom of Greecevictory
First Indochina War 1946–1954[29][30] CambodiaKhmer Issarak[31]
LaosPathet Lao[32]
North VietnamViet Minh[29][30]
Supported by:
China[29]
Soviet Union[29]
Polish People's Republic[33]
East Germany[34][page needed][35]
France[29][30]
South VietnamState of Vietnam(1949–1954)[29][30]
CambodiaCambodia(1953–1954)
Laos(1953–1954)
Supported by:
United States[29]
DR Vietnam-allied victory[29][30]
Paraguayan Civil War 1947 Liberal Party
Febrerista Revolutionary Concentration
Paraguayan Communist Party

Supported by:
Soviet Union

ParaguayParaguayan Government
ParaguayMilitary of Paraguay
Colorado Party

Supported by:
United States
Argentina

Government/Military andColorado Partyvictory
Malayan Emergency 1948–1960 Communistforces:
Malayan Communist Party

Supported by:
Soviet Union[36]
ChinaPeople's Republic of China[37][38][39]
Indonesia[38][39]
North Vietnam[40][41][42]

Anti-communistforces:
Commonwealth of Nations

Supported by:
United States


Thailand(Thai–Malay border)

Commonwealth military victory
Korean War 1950–1953[43][44][45][46][47][48] North Korea[43][44][45][46][47][48]
China[43][44][45][47][48]

Supported by:
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia[49]
Hungary
Poland
Romania[47]
Soviet Union[43][47]
Mongolia
South Korea[43][44][45][48]
United Nations[44][45][48]
United States[43][44][45][46][48]
Supported by:
Australia[44][45][46]
Belgium[44][45]
Bolivia[45]
Canada[44][45][46]
Colombia[44]
Commonwealth of Nations[50]
CubaCuba[45]
Denmark[51]
Ethiopia[44][45]
France[44][45][46]
Greece[44]
India(Medical support)[46]
Israel[52]
Italy[53]
Luxembourg[44]
Netherlands[44]
Taiwan[44]
New Zealand[44][46]
Norway[54]
Philippines[44]
South Africa[44][45]
Spain[55]
Sweden[56]
Switzerland[57]
Thailand[44][45]
Turkey[44][45][46]
United Kingdom[44][46]
Stalemate[43][44][48]
Mau Mau Uprising 1952–1960 Kenya Land and Freedom Army[note 1]

Supported by:
Soviet Union

United Kingdom

Supported by:
United States

British victory
Second Indochina War(Vietnam War) 1955–1975[59][60][61][62][63] North Vietnam[59][60][61][62][63][64]
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South VietnamViet CongandPRG[59][60][61][62][63][64]
LaosPathet Lao
GRUNK(1970–1975)
Khmer Rouge
China[59][62][63][64]
Soviet Union[59][62][63][64]
North Korea[65]
Supported by:
Bulgaria[64][66]
Cuba[64][66][67][68]
Czechoslovakia[64][66]
East Germany[64][66]
Hungary[64][66]
Poland[64][66]
Romania[64][66]
Sweden[69][70]
South Vietnam[59][60][61][62][63][64]
United States[59][60][61][62][63][64]
South Korea[59][62][64]
Australia[59][62][64]
New Zealand[59][62]
Laos[64]
Kingdom of Cambodia(1967–1970)
Khmer Republic(1970–1975)
Thailand[59][62][64]
Philippines[62][64]
Supported by:
Brazil[64]
Malaysia[64]
Taiwan[64]
North VietnameseandViet Cong/PRGvictory[59]
First Taiwan Strait Crisis 1954–1955 ChinaPeople's Republic of China
Supported by:
Soviet Union
TaiwanRepublic of China
United StatesUnited States
Stalemate
First Sudanese Civil War 1955–1972 United Kingdom(1955–1956)
Egypt(1955–1956)
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
(1955–1956)
SudanRepublic of the Sudan
(1956–1969)
SudanDemocratic Republic of the Sudan
(1969–1972)

Supported by:
Soviet Union[71]

Southern Sudan Liberation Movement

Equatorial Corps(1955–1963)


Supported by:
Ethiopia[72]
Uganda[73]
Israel[72][73][74]

Stalemate
Suez Crisis 1956–1957[75] EgyptEgypt[75]
Supported by:
Soviet Union[75]
United States
West Germany
Italy
China
France[75]
Israel[75]
United Kingdom[75]

Territory unchanged. French and UK power in area weakened[75]
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 1958 ChinaPeople's Republic of China
Supported by:
Soviet Union
TaiwanRepublic of China
United StatesUnited States
Stalemate
1958 Lebanon crisis 1958 LebanonLebanese Opposition:

Supported by:
Soviet Union
EgyptEgypt

LebanonLebanese Government
United States
PresidentCamille Chamounsteps down and Major GeneralFouad Chehabis elected to succeed him
1959 Tibetan uprising 1959–1962[76] People's Republic of China Tibet

Supported by:
Soviet Union[77]
United States[78]
Republic of India
NepalKingdom of Nepal[79]
United Nations[80]
Taiwan

Uprising suppressed
Central American crisis 1960–1996[81] EGP[81]
FAR[81]
ORPA
PGT[81]
URNG[81]
FSLN

FMLN(CRM)
NicaraguaNicaragua[82](1979–90)


Supported by
Soviet Union[83]
Cuba[84]
Mexico[85]
Libya[86][87]
Romania(before 1989)
Zapatista Army of National Liberation
Sweden[88][89]
Costa Rica
Bulgaria[90]
China[91]

Guatemala[81]
ESA[81]
White Hand[81]
and other paramilitary groups[81]

NicaraguaSomoza government

Contras(1981–90)
El SalvadorSalvadoran military government


Supported by
United States[81][92]
Saudi Arabia
Honduras
Chile
Argentina
Panama
Israel[93]
Taiwan[94]
Congo Crisis 1960–1965 1960–62:

Democratic Republic of the CongoStanleyville government


1964–65:
Simba and Kwilu rebels


Supported by:
Soviet Union
China
Cuba
EgyptEgypt
AlgeriaFLN
AlgeriaAlgeria
Republic of the CongoRepublic of the Congo
TanzaniaTanzania
Burundi

1960–63:

Katanga
South Kasai


1964–65:
Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo

Supported by:
United States
Belgium[97]
FranceFrance
Rhodesia and Nyasaland
South Africa

The Congo established as an independent unitary state under the authoritarian presidency ofMobutu Sese Seko
Portuguese Colonial War 1960–1974[98] Portugal[98]

Supported by:
South Africa
Rhodesia
Malawi[99]
Spain

FLEC[98]
FNLA[98]
FRELIMO[98]
MPLA[98]
PAIGC[98]
UNITA[98]
Supported by:
China[98]
Cuba[98]
France[98]
Soviet Union[98]
United States[98]
Zaire
Algeria
Tanzania
Zambia
Tunisia
Senegal
Guinea
Republic of the CongoCongo-Brazzaville
LibyaLibya
Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaYugoslavia
BulgariaBulgaria
LiberiaLiberia
EgyptEgypt
India
Brazil
End of the Portuguese Empire[66]
First Iraqi–Kurdish War 1961–1970 Republic of Iraq
Ba'athist Iraq

Supported by:
Syria[100]

KDP

Supported by:
IranIran
Israel[101]

Stalemate
Eritrean War of Independence 1961–1974 ELF
Supported by:
LibyaLibya[102][103][104]
(until 1977)
Cuba[102][105]
(until 1974)
Syria[106][107]
IraqIraq[108][109]
Tunisia[110][111][112]
Saudi Arabia[113][114]
SomaliaSomalia[115]
Sudan[116]
EthiopiaEthiopian Empire(until 1974)
Supported by:
United States(until 1974)
Stalemate
1974–1991 EthiopiaDerg(1974–1987)
EthiopiaPDRE(1987–1991)
Supported by:
Cuba[117][118][119][120](1974–1989)[dubiousdiscuss]
Soviet Union[117][121][122][123](1974–1990)
South Yemen[124]
EPLF
TPLF

Supported by:
China[125][126]
Sudan[116]
LibyaLibya[102][103][104]
(1977–1991)
United States
(May 1991)[127]
Somalia[115]
Syria[106][107]

EPLF victory
North Yemen Civil War 1962–1970 Yemen Arab Republic
United Arab Republic[128]

Supported by:
Soviet Union

Kingdom of Yemen
Saudi Arabia[128]

Supported by:
Jordan[129]
United Kingdom[129]
United States

Republicanvictory
Dhofar Rebellion 1962–1976 DLF(1962–1968)
PFLOAG(1968–1974)
NDFLOAG(1969–1971)
PFLO(1974–1976)

Supported by:
China[130]
Soviet Union[130]
South Yemen[130]
East Germany

Oman[130]

Supported by:
IranIran[130]
Abu Dhabi[130]
Saudi Arabia[130]
United Kingdom[130]
Jordan[130]
Egypt[130]
Pakistan[130]
UAE[130]
United States

Omani government victory
Sarawak Communist Insurgency 1962–1990 Communistforces:
North Kalimantan Communist Party[131]
  • Sarawak People's Guerilla Force (SPGF)[132]
  • North Kalimantan People's Army (NKPA)[132]

Indonesia(1962–65) (troops aid)
Other support:
Brunei People's Party

  • North Kalimantan National Army (NKNA)

Supported by:
China[132]
Soviet Union

Anti-communistforces:
United Kingdom[133]

Malaysia

Supported by:
Australia
Brunei
New Zealand
United States


Indonesia(after 1965) (Indo-Malay border)

Stalemate
Aden Emergency 1963–1967 NLF
FLOSY

Supported by
EgyptEgypt
YemenYemen Arab Republic
Soviet Union

United Kingdom

Supported by
United States

NLF victory
Rhodesian Bush War 1964–1979 ZANLA(ZANU)
MozambiqueFRELIMO[134](until 25 June 1975)
MozambiqueMozambique(from 25 June 1975)

Supported by:
China[135]
Libya
Tanzania[136]


ZIPRA(ZAPU)[137]
MK(ANC)[137]


Supported by:
Soviet Union[135]
Zambia
Cuba[135]
East Germany[135]


FROLIZI

RhodesiaRhodesia
(until 1 June 1979)

Zimbabwe RhodesiaZimbabwe Rhodesia
(from 1 June 1979)


Supported by:
South AfricaSouth Africa
PortugalPortugal
(until 1974)

Stalemate
Dominican Civil War 1965 Dominican RepublicConstitutionalists
Dominican RepublicDominican Revolutionary Party[138]

Supported by:
Soviet Union
Cuba

Dominican Republic
United States
Inter-American Peace Force
Loyalistvictory
Chadian Civil War 1965–1979 FROLINAT
ChadGUNT
Libyan Arab JamahiriyaLibya

Supported by:
Soviet Union

Chad
France

Supported by:
United States

Communist insurgency in Thailand 1965–1983 Communist Party of Thailand
Thai United Patriotic Front
Pathet Lao[140][141]
Khmer Rouge(until 1978)[140]
Malayan Communist Party[142]

Supported by:
North Vietnam(until 1976)
Vietnam(from 1976)
China(from 1971)

North Korea[141]
Soviet Union

Thailand

Taiwan(until July 1967)

United States[140]


Supported by:
South Korea[140]

Thai government victory
Bolivian Campaign 1966–1967 Ejército de Liberación Nacional
Cuba

Supported by:
Soviet Union

Bolivia
United States
Bolivian government victory
Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969) 1966–1969 North Korea

Supported by:
Soviet Union
China

South Korea
United States
South Korean–American victory
South African Border War 1966–1990 African nationalistforces:

PLAN(SWAPO)
SWANU


Supported by:
Cuba[144]
MPLA[145]
Soviet Union[146]
China[147]
Yugoslavia[148][149]
Bulgaria[150][151]
Tanzania[152][153]
Zambia[154]
Libya[155]
Kenya[156]
Algeria[157]
Guyana[158]
Brazil
Mexico

Anti-communistforces:

South Africa

Supported by:
UNITA[159]
United States
United Kingdom
Portugal(until 1975)

Stalemate
Nigerian Civil War 1967–1970 Nigeria

Supported by:
United Kingdom
Soviet Union
United States
Canada
Sudan
Chad
Niger
Syria
Saudi Arabia
Algeria[160]
BulgariaBulgaria[161]

Biafra

Supported by:
South Africa
PortugalPortugal[162]
France
Spain[163][164]
Tanzania[165][166][167]
GabonGabon
Ivory CoastIvory Coast
Zambia
Rhodesia
Haiti

Israel

Nigerian victory
Years of Lead 1968–1982 Far-left terroristgroups:
Red Brigades
Front Line
October 22 Group
PAC
Continuous Struggle
PO-AO

Supported by:
Soviet Union(alleged)

ItalyItalian Government

Supported by:
United States


Far-right terroristgroups:
National Vanguard
Black Order
NAR
Third Position
Supported by:
United States(alleged)

Far-left and far-right terrorist groups dismantled
Communist insurgency in Malaysia 1968–1989 Communistforces:
Malayan Communist Party[142]

Supported by:
China[37][168]
Soviet Union[168]

Anti-communistforces:
Malaysia[169]
Thailand[170][171]

Supported by:
United Kingdom[172]
Australia
New Zealand[172]
United States

Peace agreement reached
Operation Condor 1968–1989 Left-winggovernments and opponents to themilitary juntasin South America.

Supported by:
Soviet Union
Cuba
East Germany
Polish People's Republic

Chile
Argentina
Brazil
Bolivia
Paraguay
Uruguay

Supported by:
United States
Peru
Ecuador
Colombia
Venezuela

Al-Wadiah War 1969 South Yemen

Supported by:
Soviet Union

Saudi Arabia

Supported by:
United StatesUnited States

Saudi victory
Bangladesh Liberation War 1971 Pakistan

Supported by:
United States
China
France
United Kingdom
Turkey
Iran
Jordan

Bangladesh

India


Supported by:
Soviet Union

Indian–Bangladeshi victory
Yemenite War of 1972 1972 South Yemen
National Democratic Front

Supported by:
Soviet Union
Cuba
East Germany
Czechoslovakia
Libya

North Yemen

Supported by:
Saudi Arabia
Jordan
United StatesUnited States
Republic of China
United Kingdom
West Germany

Cairo Agreement
Angolan Civil War 1974–2002 AngolaMPLA
SWAPO
MK
Front for the National Liberation of the Congo(FNLC)

Supported by:
Soviet Union[173](until 1991)
Cuba
Tanzania[174]
MozambiqueMozambique[175]
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic[176](until 1989)
Polish People's Republic(until 1989)
Yugoslavia
People's Republic of Bulgaria[177](until 1989)
Guyana[158]
Portugal[178]
Romania(until 1989)
India[176]
North Korea
Brazil
Mexico

UNITA
FNLA
FLEC

Supported by:
United States[179]
People's Republic of China[179]
South Africa
Zambia[180]
Morocco[181]
Zaire
Egypt
France
Belgium
Burkina Faso(from 1987)
Israel
United Kingdom
Rhodesia(until 1979)
South Korea

MPLA victory
Ethiopian Civil War 1974–1991 People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Supported by:
Soviet Union[124][117][121][122][123][182][183]
North Korea
Libyan Arab JamahiriyaLibya
South Yemen[124]
Tanzania
East Germany(until 1990)[124][182][183]
Bulgaria
Cuba(1987–1991)[184]

Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front

Supported by:
United States
United Kingdom
China
West Germany(until 1990)
Germany(from 1990)
Saudi Arabia
Israel
North Yemen

EPLF/TPLFrebel victory
Lebanese Civil War 1975–1990 LebanonLNM(until 1982)
LebanonJammoul(from 1982)
Palestine Liberation OrganizationPLO

Supported by:
Iraq
Libya
Algeria


Amal Movement


Hezbollah
(from 1985)
Iran (From 1980, mainlyIRGCandArteshparamilitary units)


Supported by:
North Korea


Islamic Unification Movement(from 1982)


Syria

LF
AFL(until 1977)
SLA(from 1976)
Israel(from 1978)

Tigers Militia(until 1980)


Marada Brigades(left LF in 1978; aligned with Syria)


Lebanon
United NationsUNIFIL(from 1978)
Multinational Force in Lebanon(1982–1984)
United States
France


Arab Deterrent Force(1976–1987)
Syria(1976, and from 1983)


Neutral Parties:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
Kurdistan RegionKurds

Stalemate
Indonesian occupation of East Timor 1975–1999 East Timor(CNRM,later CNRT)

Supported by:
Portugal
Soviet Union(until 1991)
Libyan Arab JamahiriyaLibya
Free Aceh Movement
China

Indonesia

Supported by:
United States
Australia
United Kingdom
Canada
Israel[185]

Shaba I 1977 Front for the National Liberation of the Congo(FNLC)

Supported by:
AngolaAngola
Cuba
Soviet Union

Zaire
Supported by:
United States[186]
China[187]
Sudan[187]
Morocco
Egypt
France
Belgium
Zairian victory
Ogaden War 1977–1978 Ethiopia

Supported by:
Cuba
Soviet Union
South Yemen
North Korea
East Germany

SomaliaSomalia
WSLF

Supported by:
China
Egypt
RomaniaSocialist Republic of Romania

Ethiopian victory
Cambodian-Vietnamese War 1977–1991 Vietnam(VPA)
KUFNS
People's Republic of Kampuchea(KPRAF)(after 10 January 1979)
State of Cambodia(CPAF)(1989)

Supported by:
Soviet Union
Laos

Democratic Kampuchea(RAK)

Supported by:
China


Post invasion:
CGDK:


Supported by:
China
United States(non-combat support)
United Kingdom(non-combat support)


Spillover conflict:
Thailand(border clashes)

Vietnamese/People's Republic of Kampuchea victory
Mozambican Civil War 1977–1992 MozambiqueFRELIMO

Supported by:
Malawi[99]
Zimbabwe(from 1980)
Tanzania
Soviet Union(until 1991)
Bulgaria
Cuba
Brazil

RENAMO

Supported by:
Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
South Africa[188]
Malawi[99]
United States
Rhodesia

Stalemate
Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict 1977–1997 BangladeshBangladesh Shanti Bahini


Supported by:
India[189][190]

Stalemate
Shaba II 1978 Front for the National Liberation of the Congo(FNLC)

Supported by
AngolaAngola
Cuba(alleged)
Soviet Union(alleged)

Zaire

Supported by:
France
Belgium
United States

Zairianvictory; mutual end of support for other nations' rebel groups
Uganda–Tanzania War 1978–1979 Tanzania
UgandaUNLA
MozambiqueMozambique[191]
Uganda
Libya
PalestinePLO[191][192]
Tanzanian victory
NDF Rebellion 1978–1982 NDF

Supported by:
South Yemen
Libya
Soviet Union

North Yemen

Islamic Front


Supported by:
United States
Saudi Arabia
Taiwan

Government victory
Chadian–Libyan War 1978–1987 Libyan Arab JamahiriyaLibya

ChadChadian rebels


Supported by:
Soviet Union

ChadChad

France
Zaire[194]


Supported by:
United States[195]
Egypt[193]
Sudan[193]

Ceasefire
  • Libyan victory (first phase)
  • Chadian-French victory (second phase)
Yemenite War of 1979 1979 South Yemen

National Democratic Front


Supported by:
Soviet Union
Cuba
East Germany
Czechoslovakia
Libya

North Yemen

Supported by:
Saudi Arabia
Jordan
United StatesUnited States
Taiwan
Iraq
Egypt

Stalemate
Soviet–Afghan War 1979–1989 Soviet UnionSoviet Union

AfghanistanDemocratic Republic of Afghanistan


Supported by:
India[196][197]
East Germany

Sunni Mujahideen:

Supported by:
Pakistan[198]
United States[199][200][201][202]
United Kingdom[201][203][204]
China[205]
Saudi Arabia[200][201][206][207]
West Germany[208][209]
United Kingdom[209]
Turkey[210]
Egypt[211]
France[209]
Israel[212]
Japan[212]
Libyan Arab JamahiriyaLibya


Shia Mujahedeen:


Supported by:
Iran[198]


Small Maoist groups:


Supported by:
Sri Lanka
United Arab Emirates
Jordan
Malaysia

Mujahideen victory
Sino-Vietnamese War 1979 Vietnam

Supported by:
Soviet Union
Laos

People's Republic of China Stalemate
Ethiopian–Somali Border War 1982 Ethiopia

Somali rebels
Supported by:
Cuba[213]
South Yemen[213]
North Korea[213]

SomaliaSomalia

Supported by:
United States[213][214]

Stalemate
Sri Lankan Civil War 1983–2009 Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

Supported by:
Libya
India(until 1987)[215][216][217][218]

Sri Lanka
Maldives
India

Supported by:
Pakistan
China
Israel

Sri Lankan Government victory
Thai–Laotian Border War 1987–1988 Laos
Vietnam

Supported by
Soviet UnionSoviet Union

Thailand

Supported by
United StatesUnited States

Stalemate
Afghan Civil War 1989–1992 AfghanistanDemocratic Republic of Afghanistan

Supported by
Soviet UnionSoviet Union(until 1991)

Mujahideen

Supported by
United StatesUnited States
Pakistan
China[219]
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

Afghan mujahideen victory

Modern proxy wars

edit
War Dates Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Angolan Civil War 1974–2002 UNITA
FNLA
FLEC

Supported by:
United States[179]
People's Republic of China[179]
Zambia[180]
Morocco[181]
Zaire(until 1997)
Egypt
France
Belgium
Burkina Faso(from 1987)
Israel
United Kingdom
Pakistan
South Korea

AngolaMPLA
SWAPO
MK
FNLC

Supported by:
Cuba
Tanzania[174]
Yugoslavia(until 1992)
Guyana[158]
Portugal[178]
India[176]
North Korea
Kazakhstan(from 1996)[176]
Slovakia(from 1993)[176]
Brazil
Russia
Kyrgyzstan
Mexico

MPLA victory
Indonesian occupation of East Timor 1975–1999 Indonesia

Supported by:
United States
Australia
United Kingdom
Canada[185]

East Timor(CNRM,later CNRT)

Supported by:
Portugal
Libyan Arab JamahiriyaLibya
Free Aceh Movement
Russia
China

Insurgency in Laos 1975–2008 LaosLaos

Supported by:
VietnamVietnam
North Vietnam(to 1976)
Soviet Union(to 1978)

Hmong insurgents

Ethnic Liberation Organization of Laos
(1984–2008)
United Front for the Liberation of Laos(1980–2008)


LaosRoyal Lao Democratic Government(1982)


Chao Fa(to 1984)
Lao National Liberation Front
Lao United Independence Front
Free Democratic Lao National Salvation Force
CambodiaNational Army of Democratic Kampuchea(1979–1983:limited involv.)


Supported by:
ChinaChina (PRC)(to 1988)
[220]
CambodiaDemocratic Kampuchea(to 1979)
Khmer Rouge(1980 to 1981)
CambodiaParty of Democratic Kampuchea(1981 to 1990)
ThailandThailand(Rightists:early to mid-1980s)(Hmong:to 1990)
United StatesUnited States(Hmong:1990)
Neo Hom(support, 1981–2008)[221][222]
LaosRoyal Lao Government in Exile
VariousHmong exiles

Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict 1977–1997 BangladeshBangladesh Shanti Bahini

Supported by:
India[189][190]

Stalemate
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 1988–2024 Armenia
Nagorno-Karabakh
Supported by:
Russia[223][224]
Greece[225]
Azerbaijan
Supported by:
Pakistan[226][227]
Kyrgyzstan[228]
Turkey[229][230][231]
Israel[232][233][234]
Ukraine[235]
Azerbaijani victory
Afghan Civil War 1989–1992 Mujahideen

Supported by
United States
Pakistan
China
Saudi Arabia

AfghanistanDemocratic Republic of Afghanistan

Supported by
RussiaRussia

Afghan mujahideen victory
Transnistria War 1990–1992 Moldova

Supported by:
Romania

Transnistria

Supported by
RussiaRussia
UkraineUkraine

Russo–Transnistrian victory
Georgian Civil War 1991–1993 Georgia (country)Gamsakhurdia's government Georgia (country)State Council

South Ossetian Separatists
AbkhaziaAbkhaz separatists
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Russia

  • Gamsakhurdia government expunged
  • Abkhazian and South Ossetian separatists gain control of most of their claims
  • State Council takes control of Georgia proper
  • Georgia joins theCommonwealth of Independent States
Yugoslav Wars 1991–2001 SloveniaSlovenia
Bosnia
NATO
Supported by:
Turkey[236]
Pakistan
Iran[237]
Saudi Arabia[236]

Croatia
Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
Supported by:
Albania


National Liberation Army

Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaSFR Yugoslavia(before 1992)
FR Yugoslavia(from 1992)
Republika Srpska
AP Western Bosnia
Republic of Serbian Krajina
Supported by:
Russia[238][239]
Greece[240]

Republic of Macedonia
Supported by:
Ukraine[241][242][243](main arms supply)
Bulgaria
FR Yugoslavia

Breakup of Yugoslaviaand the formation of independentsuccessor states
Tajikistani Civil War 1992–1997 United Tajik Opposition

AfghanistanIslamic State of Afghanistan
AfghanistanTaliban factions2[245]
Supported by:
al-Qaeda[246]
Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan(IRP)
Pakistan
Iran

Tajikistan

Supported by:
Russia
Uzbekistan[247]
Kyrgyzstan

Stalemate
Second Afar insurgency 1995–2018 ARDUF
Supported by:
Eritrea
RSADO
DMLEK
EPLF
ESF
SPDM
Supported by:
Ethiopia
First Congo War 1996–1997 Zaire
UNITA[248]
RwandaALiR
Interahamwe
Supported by:
France[249]
Democratic Republic of the CongoAFDL
UgandaUganda
RwandaRwanda[250]

Supported by:
United States[251]
BurundiBurundi[252]
Angola[252]
Mai-Mai[250]
Bahunde[250]
Nande[250]
South SudanSPLA[250]

Decisive AFDL victory
Nepalese Civil War 1996–2006 NepalKingdom of Nepal
Supported by:
India
United States
European Union
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Supported by:
China
North Korea
India
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Comprehensive Peace Accord
Second Republic of the Congo Civil War 1997–1999 Republic of the CongoArmed Forces of the Republic of the Congo(to October 1997)
Cocoye Militia
Ninja Militia
Nsiloulou Militia
Democratic Republic of the Congo[253][254]

Supported by:
UNITA(alleged)[255]

Republic of the CongoArmed Forces of the Republic of the Congo(from October 1997)
Cobra Militia
RwandaRwandan Hutu Militia
Angola
Chad[254]

Supported by:
France[256]
Cuba(alleged)[255]
Mobutu Sese SekoLoyalists (alleged)[253]

Nguesso loyalist victory
Guinea-Bissau Civil War 1998–1999 Guinea-Bissau
Senegal[257]
Guinea[258]
Supported by:
France[259]
Portugal
Guinea-BissauMilitary rebels
Supported by:
CasamanceMFDC[258]
Ousting of PresidentJoão Bernardo Vieira
First Ivorian Civil War 2002–2007 France
United NationsUNOIC
Ivory Coast
Ivory CoastYoung Patriots of Abidjanmilitia
LiberiaLiberianmercenaries
Supported by:
Russia[260]
Bulgaria[261]
Belarus
Stalemate
War in Darfur 2003–2020 SRF[note 2]

Supported by:
South Sudan[264]
Chad(2005–2010)
Eritrea(until 2008)
Libya(until 2011)[265]
United States
Uganda(until 2015)[266]

SudanGovernment of Sudan

Supported by:
China
Iran(until 2016)
Russia

Iraqi insurgency 2011–2014 Iraq

Iraqi Kurdistan


Supported by:
Saudi Arabia
United States

Shi'a factions:

Badr Brigades Soldiers of Heaven
Other militias


Supported by:
Iran[268][269]

Stalemate
First Libyan Civil War 2011–2011 Anti-Gaddafi forces

Supported by:
Qatar
NATO
United States
France
United Kingdom
Italy
Sudan
Canada
Turkey
Netherlands
Spain
United Arab Emirates
Greece
Romania
Norway
Denmark
Portugal
Belgium
Tunisia
Switzerland
Moldova
Sweden
Jordan

Libya

Supported by:
Belarus
Algeria
Zimbabwe
Cuba
Venezuela
PLO
North Korea
South Africa
Nicaragua
Bolivia
Namibia
Ecuador

Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon 2012–2017 Lebanon

Supported by:
Australia[270]
Canada[271]
Cyprus[272]
Czech Republic[273]
France[274]
Pakistan
Germany[275]
Italy[276]
Jordan[277]
Netherlands[278]
Saudi Arabia[274]
South Korea[279]
Spain[280]
Turkey[281]
United Kingdom[282][283]
United States[274]

Pro-Syrian government militias:

Supported by:
Syria[292]
Iran[293]
Russia[294]


Other militias:

Lebanese government and pro-Syrian government victory
Second Libyan Civil War 2014–2020 LibyaLibyan National Army
Supported by:
Russia[298]
Belarus[299]
Egypt[300][301][302]
Algeria[303]
Greece
United Arab Emirates[300]
France[304]
Saudi Arabia[302][305][306]
LibyaGovernment of National Accord
Supported by:
Sudan[307]
Ukraine(alleged)[308]
Russia(alleged)[308]
Turkey[309]
United States[310]
United Kingdom[citation needed]
Qatar[300]
Ceasefire

Ongoing proxy wars

edit
War Dates Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Chinese Civil War[note 3] 1927–present (de jure) Republic of China
Supported by:
People's Republic of China
Supported by:
Ongoing
Xinjiang conflict 1931–present ETPRP
(1969–1989)
URFET
(1969–1989)

East TurkestanEast Turkestan Independence movement


Supported by:
Soviet UnionSoviet Union(1969–1989)[311][312]
MongoliaMongolian People's Republic(1960–1989)
United States
Republic of China
Turkey
Canada[313][314]

Republic of China(1931–1954)

People's Republic of China(1949–present)


Iran[315]
Russia
North Korea
Ongoing
Israeli-Palestinian conflict 1948–present Palestine

Supported by:
Egypt(1948–78)
Iraq
Syria
Cuba[316]
Algeria
Soviet Union[317](until 1991)
Lebanon
Iran
North Korea

Israel
Palestine

Supported by:
United States
United Kingdom
France(until 1967)
Germany[318]
Canada[319]
Australia[320]
Egypt(since 1978)[321]

Ongoing
Balochistan conflict 1948–present Baloch separatist groups

Supported by:
India
Soviet Union(until 1988)
AfghanistanDemocratic Republic of Afghanistan(until 1990)
Iraq(1970s)[322]


Sectarian groups
Jundallah[323][324]
Jaish ul-Adl
Jundallah (Pakistan)
al-Qaeda
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi[322]
Sipah-e-Sahaba[322]

Pakistan

Supported by:

China[325]


Iran[326]

Ongoing
Internal conflict in Myanmar 1948–present Myanmar

Supported by:
India
China[327]
Israel[328](formerly)[329]
Russia[330]
Philippines
North Korea
Yugoslavia(until 1988)

Opposition forces

ABSDF
Arakan Army
DKBA-5
KNU

KIO

MNDAA
SSAN
SSAS
TNLA
UWSP

...and others


Supported by:
United States(1951–1953)
Thailand
China[331]
TaiwanRepublic of China(1950–1961)[332]

Ongoing
Papua conflict 1962–present Indonesia

Supported by:
Australia[333][334][335]
Fiji
Papua New Guinea

Free Papua Movement


Supported by:
Vanuatu
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Senegal

Ongoing
Insurgency in Northeast India 1963–present ACF
ATTF
BKI
DHD(until 2013)
GNLA
HNLC
HuM
IRF
KCP
KLNLF
KLO
KYKL
MULTA
NDFB
NLFT
NSCN-IM
PLA
PREPAK
ULFA
UNLF
ZRA

Supported by:
China
Pakistan
Arab League

India
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Burma

Supported by:
United States
Soviet Union(1963–1991)
Russia
Iran

Ongoing
Naxalite–Maoist insurgency 1967–present India

Supported by:
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Myanmar


Militias:(until 2011)[336]

Naxalites:

Supported by:
Pakistan[343]
China[344][345]
North Korea[344][345]
Mongolia
Indonesia
Afghanistan(until 2021)
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Uzbekistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Algeria
Bahrain
Chad
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Eritrea
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mali(from 2023)
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Palestine
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Somaliland
Sudan
Syria
Tunisia
United Arab Emirates
Western Sahara
ULFA[346]
NSCN[346]
CPN (Maoist)
LTTE(until 2009)[346]
NPA[347]
PBSP[348]
CIC(until 1977)
CPN (Maoist) (2014)[349]
CCP (Maoist)(until 1976)

Ongoing
Civil conflict in the Philippines 1969–present Communistforces:
Communist Party

Moro National Liberation Front(MNLF)[351]
Moro Islamic Liberation Front(MILF)(until 2014)
MRLO[352]
Ampatuan militias[353]


Supported by:
Malaysia(to MNLF and MILF)[354][355]
People's Republic of China(1969–1976,[356]alleged continued support[citation needed])
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya(1980s–2011)[357][358](to MNLF and NPA)[359][360][361][362][363]
North Korea[364][365]
Vietnam(1980s)[360]

Anti-communistforces:
Philippines

Supported by:
United States[367]

Ongoing
Cabinda War 1975–present FLEC

Supported by:
France[368]
Zaire(until1997)[369]
Belgium[370]
World League for Freedom and Democracy[370]
China(alleged)

Angola

Supported by:
UNITA[371]
Cuba
East Germany(until 1989)
Soviet Union(until 1989)[372][373]
Brazil

Ongoing
Civil conflict in Turkey 1976–present TAK
TKP/ML-TİKKO
MKP-HKO-PHG
Maoist Party
Maoist Party Centre
THKO
Devrimci Yol
Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front

Supported by:
Soviet Union[374][375]
China[376]
ASALA[377](1970s–1988)
Syria[374][378][379]
Greece[380][381]
Cyprus[374]
Iran[374][382][383]
Iraq(until2003)[384]
Libya(until2011)[385]

Turkey

Supported by:
Turkic Council[377]

Ongoing
Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 1979–present Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Bahrain
Jordan
Egypt
Qatar(until 2017)
Yemen(Hadi government)
Kuwait
March 14 Alliance
Morocco
Ba'athist IraqIraq(until 1989)
Israel
Syria(from 2024)

Rojava
People's Mujahedin of Iran
National Council of Iran
Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan
Jaish ul-Adl
Kurdistan Free Life Party
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan
Ahvaz National Resistance
Tahrir al-Sham
Al-Nusra Front
PalestinePalestinian National Authority
ASLMA
Kurdistan Freedom Party
Naqshbandi Army
Free Iraqi Army
Sadrist Movement
Lebanese Forces
Future Movement
Libyan National Army

Supported by:
Afghanistan(until 2021)
Greece
Azerbaijan
Somalia
Senegal
Tajikistan
United States
United Kingdom
Turkey(until 2017)
Sudan(from 2015)
Nigeria

Iran
Hezbollah
Syria(until 2024)
Iraq(from 2006)
Yemen(Houthi government)
Libya(until 2011)
Lebanon
Hezbollah Al-Hejaz
Organization for the Islamic Revolution in the Arabian Peninsula
Liwa Fatemiyoun
Houthi movement
Popular Mobilization Forces
Al-Ashtar Brigades
Al-Mukhtar Brigades
Hezbe Wahdat
Hamas
Husseiniyoun
Muslim Brotherhood
Liwa Zainebiyoun
Islamic Movement of Nigeria
Polisario Front
Taliban
March 8 Alliance
National Defence Forces
February 14 Youth Coalition
Government of National Accord

Supported by:
China
Gaza Strip
Russia
North Korea
Sudan(until 2015)
Venezuela
Cuba
Oman(allegedly)
Turkey(from 2017)

Ongoing
Internal conflict in Peru 1980–present Shining Path


MRTA(until 1997)


Supported by:
Cuba[386]
Libya[386](until2011)

PeruPeruvian Armed Forces

PeruRondas Campesinas


Supported by:
United States
Soviet Union(until 1991)
Russia
Japan
Colombia

Ongoing
Abkhaz–Georgian conflict 1989–present Georgia
Supported by:
NATO
Abkhazia
Supported by:
Russia
Ongoing
Georgian–Ossetian conflict 1989–present Georgia
Supported by:
NATO
South Ossetia
Supported by:
Russia
Ongoing
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir 1989–present India

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan


Supported by:
United States
Iran
Russia

Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

Lashkar-e-Taiba
Jaish-e-Mohammed
Hizbul Mujahideen
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
Al-Badr
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
Supported by:
Pakistan[387]
China
AfghanistanTaliban[388]
Saudi Arabia[389]
al-Qaeda[388]

Ongoing
Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 1995–present Uganda

DR Congo
United NationsUNF Intervention Brigade

Supported by:
United States[390]

ADF

Supported by:
LRA[391]
Sudan[392]

Ongoing
Syrian Civil War[393][394] 2011–present Syrian opposition
Supported by:
Saudi Arabia
Qatar[395]
United States[395]
Turkey
Libya
European Union
Australia
Egypt(2011–2013)
France
United Kingdom
Jordan
Italy
Netherlands
Canada
Germany
Syria
Supported by:
Armenia[396]
Iran[395]
Russia[397][398][399]
Iraq
Pakistan[400][401]
China[402][403]
North Korea[404][405][406]
Cuba[407]
Venezuela[408][409][410][411]
Algeria[412]
Belarus[413]
Angola[414]
Egypt(from 2015)[415][416]
United Arab Emirates

Rojava
Supported by:
United States
France
United Kingdom
Iraqi Kurdistan[417]
CJTF-OIR

Ongoing
Yemeni Crisis(part of Iran-Saudi Arabia proxy conflicts) 2011–present YemenYemen(Hadi government)
Saudi ArabiaSaudi-led coalition
Supported by:

Somalia[418]
United States[419]
Eritrea[420]
United Kingdom[421][422]
France[423][424][425]
Pakistan
Canada[426]
Italy[citation needed]
Turkey[427]
Germany[428][429][430][431]

YemenYemen(Supreme Political Council)
Supported by:

Iran[432]
Iraq
North Korea[433]
Russia[434]
Syria[435]

Ongoing

Notes

edit
  1. ^The nameKenya Land and Freedom Armyis sometimes heard in connection with Mau Mau. KLFA isnotsimply another name for Mau Mau: it was the name that Dedan Kimathi used for a coordinating body which he tried to set up for Mau Mau. It was also the name of another militant group that sprang up briefly in the spring of 1960; the group was broken up during a brief operation from 26 March to 30 April.[58]
  2. ^Known as theNational Redemption Frontprior to 2011.
  3. ^Much of the civil war has eased off in 1949–50 with theBattle of Hainan Islandtook place in 1950,KMT insurgency in Burmaand three crises in the Taiwan Strait occurred in1954,1958and1996.In effect, no peace treaty or armistice agreement is signed.

References

edit
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