Wikipedia

List of sovereign states

"List of countries" and "List of nations" redirect here. For other lists of countries, seeLists of sovereign states and dependent territories.For non-sovereign dependencies, seeDependent territory.

The following is a list providing an overview ofsovereign statesaround the world with information on their status and recognition of theirsovereignty.

A long row of flags
Flags of theUnited Nations memberand non-member GA observer states in front of thePalace of NationsinGeneva,Switzerland

The 205 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within theUnited Nations System:193UN member states,[1]twoUN General Assembly non-member observer states,and ten other states. Thesovereignty disputecolumn indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (188 states, of which there are 187 UN member states and one UN General Assembly non-member observer state), states having disputed sovereignty (15 states, of which there are six UN member states, one UN General Assembly non-member observer state, and eight de facto states), and states having aspecial political status(two states, both infree associationwith New Zealand).

Compiling a list such as this can be complicated and controversial, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria forstatehood.For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see thecriteria for inclusionsection below. The list is intended to include entities that have been recognised as havingde factostatus as sovereign states, and inclusion should not be seen as an endorsement of any specific claim to statehood in legal terms.

Criteria for inclusion

The dominantcustomary international lawstandard of statehood is thedeclarative theory of statehood,which was codified by theMontevideo Conventionof 1933. The Convention defines the state as apersonof international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) a capacity to enter into relations with the other states" so long as it was not "obtained by force whether this consists in the employment of arms, in threatening diplomatic representations, or in any other effective coercive measure".[2]

Debate exists on the degree to whichrecognitionshould be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, theconstitutive theory of statehooddefines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognised assovereignby other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all polities that consider themselves sovereign states (through adeclaration of independenceor some other means) and either:

  • are often regarded as satisfying the declarative theory of statehood,or
  • are recognised as a sovereign state by at least oneUN member state

In some cases, there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed. Unique political entities which fail to meet the classification of a sovereign state are consideredproto-states.[3][4]

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 205 entities:[a][b]

  • 203 states recognised by at least one UN member state
  • One state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is recognised only by non-UN member states
  • One state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is not recognised by any other state

The table includes bullets in the right-hand column representing entities that are either not sovereign states or have a close association to another sovereign state. It also includes subnational areas where the sovereignty of the titular state is limited by an international agreement. Taken together, these include:

  • Entities that are in afree associationrelationship with another state
  • Two entities controlled by Pakistan which are neither sovereign states, dependent territories, nor part of another state:Azad KashmirandGilgit-Baltistan
  • Dependent territories of another state, as well as areas that exhibit many characteristics of dependent territories according to thedependent territorypage
  • Subnational entities created by international agreements

List of states

UN member states and General Assembly observer states

Common and formal names Membership within theUN System[c] Sovereignty dispute[d] Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[f]
Afghanistan AUN member state ANone TheIslamic Emirate of Afghanistan,the de facto ruling government, hasnot been recognised by any state.

The former ruling government, theIslamic Republic of Afghanistan,continues to be recognised by the United Nations as the government of Afghanistan.[5][6]

Albania– Republic of Albania AUN member state ANone
Algeria– People's Democratic Republic of Algeria AUN member state ANone
Andorra– Principality of Andorra AUN member state ANone Andorra is aco-principalityin which the office of head of state is jointly heldex officioby theFrench presidentand the bishop of the Roman Catholicdiocese of Urgell,[7]who himself is appointed with approval from theHoly See.
Angola– Republic of Angola AUN member state ANone
Antigua and Barbuda AUN member state ANone Antigua and Barbuda is aCommonwealth realm[g]with one autonomous region,Barbuda.[8][h]
Argentina– Argentine Republic[i] AUN member state ANone Argentina is afederationof23 provinces and one autonomous city.[j]
Armenia– Republic of Armenia AUN member state Not recognised byPakistan Armenia isnot recognisedby Pakistan due tothe disputeoverArtsakh.[10][11][12][needs update]
Australia– Commonwealth of Australia AUN member state ANone Australia is aCommonwealth realm[g]and afederationof bothstates and territories.There are six states, three internal territories, six external territories and oneclaimedAntarctic external territory. The external territories of Australia are:
Austria– Republic of Austria AUN member state ANone Member of theEuropean Union.[e]Austria is afederationofnine states.
Azerbaijan– Republic of Azerbaijan[k] AUN member state ANone Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region,Nakhchivan.[h]
Bahamas, The– Commonwealth of The Bahamas[14] AUN member state ANone The Bahamas is aCommonwealth realm.[g]
Bahrain– Kingdom of Bahrain AUN member state ANone
Bangladesh– People's Republic of Bangladesh AUN member state ANone
Barbados AUN member state ANone
Belarus– Republic of Belarus AUN member state ANone Many statesrescinded their recognitionof PresidentAlexander Lukashenkofollowing the disputed2020 election.Lithuaniacurrently recognisesSviatlana Tsikhanouskaya'sCoordination Councilas the legitimate government of Belarus.[15]
Belgium– Kingdom of Belgium AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]Belgium is afederationofthree linguistic communities and three regions.
Belize AUN member state ANone Belize is aCommonwealth realm.[g]
Benin– Republic of Benin AUN member state ANone
Bhutan– Kingdom of Bhutan AUN member state ANone
Bolivia– Plurinational State of Bolivia AUN member state ANone
Bosnia and Herzegovina AUN member state ANone Bosnia and Herzegovina has two constituententities:

andBrčko District,a self-governing administrativedistrict.[16]

Botswana– Republic of Botswana AUN member state ANone
Brazil– Federative Republic of Brazil AUN member state ANone Brazil is afederationof26 states and one federal district.
Brunei– Brunei Darussalam AUN member state ANone
Bulgaria– Republic of Bulgaria AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Burkina Faso AUN member state ANone
Burundi– Republic of Burundi AUN member state ANone
Cambodia– Kingdom of Cambodia AUN member state ANone
Cameroon– Republic of Cameroon AUN member state ANone
Canada[l] AUN member state ANone Canada is aCommonwealth realm[g]and afederationof10 provinces and three territories.
Cape Verde– Republic of Cabo Verde[m] AUN member state ANone
Central African Republic AUN member state ANone
Chad– Republic of Chad AUN member state ANone
Chile– Republic of Chile AUN member state ANone Chile has one special territory,Easter Island.[n]
China– People's Republic of China[o] AUN member state Partially unrecognised.BClaimed byAfghanistanClaimed byGeorgiaClaimed byNorth KoreaClaimed bySerbiaClaimed bySomaliaClaimed by thePeople's Republic of ChinaClaimed by theRepublic of ChinaClaimed bySouth KoreaClaimed byAzerbaijanClaimed by theRepublic of CyprusDisputed byIsraelClaimed byIndonesiaClaimed by theMarshall IslandsClaimed byMauritiusClaimed byMoroccoClaimed byMoldovaClaimed byMaliClaimed bySpainClaimed byArgentinaClaimed byUkraine China contains five autonomous regions,Guangxi,Inner Mongolia,Ningxia,Tibet,andXinjiang.[h]Additionally, it has sovereignty over twoSpecial Administrative Regions:

China claims, but does not control,Taiwan,which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.[p]

China is not recognised by11UN member states andVatican City,which, with the exception ofBhutan,all recognise the Republic of China (Taiwan) instead.[q]

Colombia– Republic of Colombia AUN member state ANone
Comoros– Union of the Comoros AUN member state ANone Comoros is afederationofthree islands.[r]
Congo, Democratic Republic of the[s] AUN member state ANone
Congo, Republic of the[t] AUN member state ANone
Costa Rica– Republic of Costa Rica AUN member state ANone
Croatia– Republic of Croatia AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Cuba– Republic of Cuba AUN member state ANone
Cyprus– Republic of Cyprus AUN member state Not recognised byTurkey[19] Member of the EU.[e]The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state ofNorthern Cyprus.

Cyprus is not recognised byTurkeydue to theCyprus problem,with Turkey recognisingNorthern Cyprus.

Czech Republic[u] AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Denmark– Kingdom of Denmark AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]TheKingdom of Denmarkincludes two self-governing territories:

Themetropolitan territory of Denmark,the Faroe Islands and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom.[v]The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, butEU law(in most cases) does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland. SeeGreenland and the European Union,andFaroe Islands and the European Union.[20][21]

Djibouti– Republic of Djibouti AUN member state ANone
Dominica– Commonwealth of Dominica AUN member state ANone
Dominican Republic AUN member state ANone
East Timor– Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste[w] AUN member state ANone
Ecuador– Republic of Ecuador AUN member state ANone
Egypt– Arab Republic of Egypt AUN member state ANone
El Salvador– Republic of El Salvador AUN member state ANone
Equatorial Guinea– Republic of Equatorial Guinea AUN member state ANone
Eritrea– State of Eritrea AUN member state ANone
Estonia– Republic of Estonia AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Eswatini– Kingdom of Eswatini[x] AUN member state ANone
Ethiopia– Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia AUN member state ANone Ethiopia is afederationof12 regions and two chartered cities.
Fiji– Republic of Fiji AUN member state ANone Fiji contains one autonomous region,Rotuma.[h][22][23]
Finland– Republic of Finland AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
  • Ålandis a neutral and demilitarized autonomous region of Finland.[h][y]
France– French Republic AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]France contains fiveoverseas regions/departments;French Guiana,Guadeloupe,Martinique,Mayotte,andRéunion.France also includes eightoverseas territories:
Gabon– Gabonese Republic AUN member state ANone
Gambia, The– Republic of The Gambia[24] AUN member state ANone
Georgia AUN member state ANone Georgia contains two autonomous republics,AdjaraandAbkhazia.[h]InAbkhaziaandSouth Ossetia,de facto states have been formed.
Germany– Federal Republic of Germany AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]Germany is afederationof16 states.
Ghana– Republic of Ghana AUN member state ANone
Greece– Hellenic Republic AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]Greece contains one autonomous area,Mount Athos.[25]
Grenada AUN member state ANone Grenada is aCommonwealth realm.[g]
Guatemala– Republic of Guatemala AUN member state ANone
Guinea– Republic of Guinea[aa] AUN member state ANone
Guinea-Bissau– Republic of Guinea-Bissau AUN member state ANone
Guyana– Co-operative Republic of Guyana AUN member state ANone
Haiti– Republic of Haiti AUN member state ANone
Honduras– Republic of Honduras AUN member state ANone
Hungary AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Iceland[ab] AUN member state ANone
India– Republic of India AUN member state ANone India is afederationof28 states and eight union territories.
Indonesia– Republic of Indonesia AUN member state ANone Indonesia has nine autonomousprovinces:Aceh,Jakarta,Central Papua,Highland Papua,Papua,South Papua,Southwest Papua,West Papua,andYogyakarta.[h]
Iran– Islamic Republic of Iran AUN member state ANone
Iraq– Republic of Iraq AUN member state ANone Iraq is afederation[r][29]of19 governorates,four of which make up the autonomousKurdistan Region.[h]
Ireland[ac] AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Israel– State of Israel AUN member state Partially unrecognised Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed byPalestine.It has annexedEast Jerusalem,[31]an act not recognised by the international community.[32]Israel hasvarying levels of controlover the rest of theWest Bank,and although it ended itspermanent civilian or military presencein theGaza Strip,it is still considered to be the occupying power under international law.[33][34][35][36]

Israel is not recognised as a state by28 UN membersand theSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.ThePalestine Liberation Organization,recognised by a majority of UN member states as the representative of the Palestinian people,recognised Israel in 1993.

Italy– Italian Republic AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]Italyhas five autonomous regions:Aosta Valley,Friuli-Venezia Giulia,Sardinia,SicilyandTrentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.[h]
Ivory Coast– Republic of Côte d'Ivoire[ad] AUN member state ANone
Jamaica AUN member state ANone Jamaica is aCommonwealth realm.[g]
Japan AUN member state ANone
Jordan– Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan AUN member state ANone
Kazakhstan– Republic of Kazakhstan AUN member state ANone
Kenya– Republic of Kenya AUN member state ANone
Kiribati– Republic of Kiribati AUN member state ANone
Kuwait– State of Kuwait AUN member state ANone
Kyrgyzstan– Kyrgyz Republic AUN member state ANone
Laos– Lao People's Democratic Republic AUN member state ANone
Latvia– Republic of Latvia AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Lebanon– Republic of Lebanon AUN member state ANone
Lesotho– Kingdom of Lesotho AUN member state ANone
Liberia– Republic of Liberia AUN member state ANone
Libya– State of Libya AUN member state ANone
Liechtenstein– Principality of Liechtenstein AUN member state ANone
Lithuania– Republic of Lithuania AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Luxembourg– Grand Duchy of Luxembourg AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Madagascar– Republic of Madagascar AUN member state ANone
Malawi– Republic of Malawi AUN member state ANone
Malaysia AUN member state ANone Malaysia is afederationof13 states and three federal territories.
Maldives– Republic of Maldives AUN member state ANone
Mali– Republic of Mali AUN member state ANone
Malta– Republic of Malta AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Marshall Islands– Republic of the Marshall Islands AUN member state ANone UnderCompact of Free Associationwith theUnited States.
Mauritania– Islamic Republic of Mauritania AUN member state ANone
Mauritius– Republic of Mauritius AUN member state ANone Mauritius has an autonomous island,Rodrigues.[h]
Mexico– United Mexican States AUN member state ANone Mexico is afederationof31 states and one autonomous city.
Micronesia, Federated States of AUN member state ANone UnderCompact of Free Associationwith theUnited States.The Federated States of Micronesia is afederationoffour states.
Moldova– Republic of Moldova AUN member state ANone Moldova has twoautonomous territorial units,Gagauziaand theLeft Bank of the Dniester.The latter and a city,Bender(Tighina), are under the de facto control ofTransnistria.
Monaco– Principality of Monaco AUN member state ANone
Mongolia AUN member state ANone
Montenegro AUN member state ANone
Morocco– Kingdom of Morocco AUN member state ANone Part of the Moroccan-claimedWestern Saharais controlled by the partially recognisedSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
Mozambique– Republic of Mozambique AUN member state ANone
Myanmar– Republic of the Union of Myanmar[ae] AUN member state ANone Wa Stateis a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. The United Nations has not recognised the de facto ruling government of Myanmar, theState Administration Council.[6]
Namibia– Republic of Namibia AUN member state ANone
Nauru– Republic of Nauru AUN member state ANone
Nepal– Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal AUN member state ANone Nepal is afederationcomposed ofseven provinces.
Netherlands– Kingdom of the Netherlands AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]TheKingdom of the Netherlandsincludes four areas with substantial autonomy:

The Metropolitan Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three overseas parts of the Netherlands (Bonaire,SabaandSint Eustatius) arespecial municipalitiesof the metropolitan Netherlands.[af]The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, butEU lawonly wholly applies to parts within Europe.

New Zealand AUN member state ANone New Zealand is aCommonwealth realm,[g]and has one dependent territory and oneclaimedAntarctic dependent territory:

TheNew Zealand Governmentacts for the entireRealm of New Zealandin all international contexts, which has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freelyassociated states:

The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with63and25UN members respectively.[37][38]They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,[39]and are members of someUN specialized agencies.

Nicaragua– Republic of Nicaragua AUN member state ANone Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions,North Caribbean CoastandSouth Caribbean Coast.[h]
Niger– Republic of the Niger AUN member state ANone
Nigeria– Federal Republic of Nigeria AUN member state ANone Nigeria is afederationof36 states and one federal territory.
North Korea– Democratic People's Republic of Korea AUN member state BClaimed byAfghanistanClaimed byGeorgiaClaimed byNorth KoreaClaimed bySerbiaClaimed bySomaliaClaimed by thePeople's Republic of ChinaClaimed by theRepublic of ChinaClaimed bySouth KoreaClaimed byAzerbaijanClaimed by theRepublic of CyprusDisputed byIsraelClaimed byIndonesiaClaimed by theMarshall IslandsClaimed byMauritiusClaimed byMoroccoClaimed byMoldovaClaimed byMaliClaimed bySpainClaimed byArgentinaClaimed byUkraine North Korea is not recognised by one UN member,South Korea,which claims to be the sole legitimate government ofKorea.[40]
North Macedonia– Republic of North Macedonia[ag] AUN member state ANone
Norway– Kingdom of Norway AUN member state ANone Norway has twounincorporated areasin Europe:
  • Svalbardis an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to theSvalbard Treaty.
  • Jan Mayenis an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated.

Norway has onedependent territoryand twoclaimedAntarctic dependent territories in theSouthern Hemisphere:

Oman– Sultanate of Oman AUN member state ANone
Pakistan– Islamic Republic of Pakistan AUN member state ANone Pakistan is afederationoffour provinces and one capital territory.Pakistan exercises control over certain portions ofKashmir,but has not officially annexed any of it,[41][42]instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[43][44]The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:

Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.[45][46][47]These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defense) are performed by Pakistan.[46][48][49]

Palau– Republic of Palau AUN member state ANone UnderCompact of Free Associationwith theUnited States.
Palestine– State of Palestine AUN General Assembly observer state;member of twoUN specialized agencies Partially unrecognised The State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel but has received diplomatic recognition from146states.[50]The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.[51]ThePalestinian Authorityis an interim administrative body formed as a result of theOslo Accordsthat exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within theoccupied Palestinian territories.In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by thePalestine Liberation Organization.[52]The State of Palestine is a member state ofUNESCO,[53]UNIDOand other international organizations.[54]
Panama– Republic of Panama AUN member state ANone
Papua New Guinea– Independent State of Papua New Guinea AUN member state ANone Papua New Guinea is aCommonwealth realm[g]with one autonomous region,Bougainville.[h]
Paraguay– Republic of Paraguay AUN member state ANone
Peru– Republic of Peru AUN member state ANone
Philippines– Republic of the Philippines AUN member state ANone The Philippines contains one autonomous region,Bangsamoro.[h]
Poland– Republic of Poland AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Portugal– Portuguese Republic AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]Portugal contains two autonomous regions,the AzoresandMadeira.[h]
Qatar– State of Qatar AUN member state ANone
Romania AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Russia– Russian Federation AUN member state ANone Russia is afederationof 83 internationally recognisedfederal subjects(republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[h]
Rwanda– Republic of Rwanda AUN member state ANone
Saint Kitts and Nevis– Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis AUN member state ANone Saint Kitts and Nevis is aCommonwealth realm[g]and is afederation[r]of two islands,Saint KittsandNevis.
Saint Lucia AUN member state ANone Saint Lucia is aCommonwealth realm.[g]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines AUN member state ANone Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is aCommonwealth realm.[g]
Samoa– Independent State of Samoa AUN member state ANone
San Marino– Republic of San Marino AUN member state ANone
São Tomé and Príncipe– Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe AUN member state ANone São Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province,Príncipe.[h]
Saudi Arabia– Kingdom of Saudi Arabia AUN member state ANone
Senegal– Republic of Senegal AUN member state ANone
Serbia– Republic of Serbia AUN member state ANone Serbia contains two autonomous provinces,VojvodinaandKosovo and Metohija.[h]The latter is under the de facto control ofKosovo.
Seychelles– Republic of Seychelles AUN member state ANone
Sierra Leone– Republic of Sierra Leone AUN member state ANone
Singapore– Republic of Singapore AUN member state ANone
Slovakia– Slovak Republic AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Slovenia– Republic of Slovenia AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Solomon Islands AUN member state ANone Solomon Islands is aCommonwealth realm.[g]
Somalia– Federal Republic of Somalia AUN member state ANone Somalia is a federation ofsix states.Two,PuntlandandGalmudug,have self-declared autonomy, while one,Somaliland,is de facto independent.
South Africa– Republic of South Africa AUN member state ANone
South Korea– Republic of Korea AUN member state BClaimed byAfghanistanClaimed byGeorgiaClaimed byNorth KoreaClaimed bySerbiaClaimed bySomaliaClaimed by thePeople's Republic of ChinaClaimed by theRepublic of ChinaClaimed bySouth KoreaClaimed byAzerbaijanClaimed by theRepublic of CyprusDisputed byIsraelClaimed byIndonesiaClaimed by theMarshall IslandsClaimed byMauritiusClaimed byMoroccoClaimed byMoldovaClaimed byMaliClaimed bySpainClaimed byArgentinaClaimed byUkraine South Korea has one autonomous region,Jeju Province.[h][55]

South Korea is not recognised byNorth Korea,which claims to be the sole legitimate government ofKorea.

South Sudan– Republic of South Sudan AUN member state ANone South Sudan is afederationof10 states and three administrative areas.
Spain– Kingdom of Spain AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]Spain is divided into17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities.[h][ah]
Sri Lanka– Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka[ai] AUN member state ANone
Sudan– Republic of the Sudan AUN member state ANone Sudan is afederationof18 states.
Suriname– Republic of Suriname AUN member state ANone
Sweden– Kingdom of Sweden AUN member state ANone Member of the EU.[e]
Switzerland– Swiss Confederation AUN member state ANone Switzerland is afederationof26 cantons.
Syria– Syrian Arab Republic AUN member state ANone TheNational Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces,which isrecognisedas the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established aninterim governmentto rule rebel-controlled territory during theSyrian civil war.

Syria has one self-declared autonomous region,Rojava.

Tajikistan– Republic of Tajikistan AUN member state ANone Tajikistan contains one autonomous region,Gorno-Badakhshan.[h]
Tanzania– United Republic of Tanzania AUN member state ANone Tanzania contains one autonomous region,Zanzibar.[h]
Thailand– Kingdom of Thailand AUN member state ANone
Togo– Togolese Republic AUN member state ANone
Tonga– Kingdom of Tonga AUN member state ANone
Trinidad and Tobago– Republic of Trinidad and Tobago AUN member state ANone Trinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region,Tobago.[h]
Tunisia– Republic of Tunisia AUN member state ANone
Turkey– Republic of Türkiye[aj] AUN member state ANone
Turkmenistan AUN member state ANone
Tuvalu AUN member state ANone Tuvalu is aCommonwealth realm.[g]
Uganda– Republic of Uganda AUN member state ANone
Ukraine AUN member state ANone Ukraine contains one autonomous region, theAutonomous Republic of Crimea,[h]which is under the control ofRussia.Seven other areas of Ukraine are under full or partial Russian control, includingDonetsk,Kharkiv,Kherson,Luhansk,Mykolaiv,Zaporizhzhiaoblasts andSevastopol.
United Arab Emirates AUN member state ANone The United Arab Emirates is afederationofseven emirates.
United Kingdom– United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland AUN member state ANone The United Kingdom is aCommonwealth realm[g]consisting offour constituent countries:England,Northern Ireland,Scotland,andWales.The United Kingdom has the following 13overseas territoriesand oneclaimedAntarctic dependent territory:

TheBritish monarchalso has direct sovereignty over three self-governingCrown Dependencies:

United States– United States of America AUN member state ANone The United States is afederationof50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory(Palmyra Atoll).

Additionally, thefederal government of the United Stateshas sovereignty over 13unincorporated territories.Of these unincorporated territories, five are inhabited possessions:

The United States also has sovereignty over eight uninhabited territories:

The United States disputes sovereignty over two territories:

Three sovereign states have becomeassociated statesof the United States under theCompact of Free Association:

Uruguay– Oriental Republic of Uruguay AUN member state ANone
Uzbekistan– Republic of Uzbekistan AUN member state ANone Uzbekistan contains one autonomous region,Karakalpakstan.[h]
Vanuatu– Republic of Vanuatu AUN member state ANone
Vatican City– Vatican City State AUN General Assembly observer stateunder the designation of "Holy See";member of threeUN specialized agencies ANone Administered by theHoly See,a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to183 states(including 180 UN member states, theCook Islands,theRepublic of China (Taiwan),andPalestine).[58]In addition, theEuropean Unionand theSovereign Military Order of Maltamaintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of threeUN specialized agencies(ITU,UPU,andWIPO) and theIAEA,as well as being a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State" )[52]andmultiple other UN System organizations.The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by thePope,who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome andex officiosovereign of Vatican City.
Venezuela– Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela AUN member state ANone Venezuela is afederationof23 states,one capital district, and federal dependencies.
Vietnam– Socialist Republic of Vietnam AUN member state ANone
Yemen– Republic of Yemen AUN member state ANone
Zambia– Republic of Zambia AUN member state ANone
Zimbabwe– Republic of Zimbabwe AUN member state ANone

Other states

Common and formal names Membership within theUN System[c] Sovereignty dispute[d] Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[f]
Abkhazia– Republic of Abkhazia DNo membership BClaimed byAfghanistanClaimed byGeorgiaClaimed byNorth KoreaClaimed bySerbiaClaimed bySomaliaClaimed by thePeople's Republic of ChinaClaimed by theRepublic of ChinaClaimed bySouth KoreaClaimed byAzerbaijanClaimed by theRepublic of CyprusDisputed byIsraelClaimed byIndonesiaClaimed by theMarshall IslandsClaimed byMauritiusClaimed byMoroccoClaimed byMoldovaClaimed byMaliClaimed bySpainClaimed byArgentinaClaimed byUkraine Recognised byRussia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, South Ossetia, and Transnistria.[59]Claimed in whole byGeorgiaas theAutonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
Cook Islands DMember of eightUN specialized agencies ANone
(Seepolitical status) 		A state infree associationwithNew Zealand,the Cook Islands maintainsdiplomatic relations with at least 63 other statesand is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. The Cook Islands is a member ofmultiple UN agencieswith full treaty-making capacity.[39]It shares ahead of statewith New Zealand as well as havingshared citizenship.
Kosovo– Republic of Kosovo DMember of twoUN specialized agencies BClaimed byAfghanistanClaimed byGeorgiaClaimed byNorth KoreaClaimed bySerbiaClaimed bySomaliaClaimed by thePeople's Republic of ChinaClaimed by theRepublic of ChinaClaimed bySouth KoreaClaimed byAzerbaijanClaimed by theRepublic of CyprusDisputed byIsraelClaimed byIndonesiaClaimed by theMarshall IslandsClaimed byMauritiusClaimed byMoroccoClaimed byMoldovaClaimed byMaliClaimed bySpainClaimed byArgentinaClaimed byUkraine Pursuant toUnited Nations Security Council Resolution 1244,Kosovo was placed under the administration of theUnited Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovoin 1999.[60]Kosovodeclared independence in 2008,and it hasreceived diplomatic recognition from 114 UN member statesand theRepublic of China (Taiwan),while 18 of those states have recognised Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.[61]Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of theInternational Monetary Fundand theWorld Bank Group.The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control inNorth Kosovo.
Niue DMember of fiveUN specialized agencies ANone
(Seepolitical status) 		A state infree associationwithNew Zealand,Niue maintainsdiplomatic relations with at least 28 other statesand is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. Niue is a member ofmultiple UN agencieswith full treaty-making capacity.[39]It shares ahead of statewith New Zealand as well as havingshared citizenship.
Northern Cyprus– Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus DNo membership BClaimed byAfghanistanClaimed byGeorgiaClaimed byNorth KoreaClaimed bySerbiaClaimed bySomaliaClaimed by thePeople's Republic of ChinaClaimed by theRepublic of ChinaClaimed bySouth KoreaClaimed byAzerbaijanClaimed by theRepublic of CyprusDisputed byIsraelClaimed byIndonesiaClaimed by theMarshall IslandsClaimed byMauritiusClaimed byMoroccoClaimed byMoldovaClaimed byMaliClaimed bySpainClaimed byArgentinaClaimed byUkraine Recognised only byTurkey.Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State",it is an observer state of theOrganisation of Islamic Cooperationand theEconomic Cooperation Organization.Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by theRepublic of Cyprus.[62]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic DNo membership BClaimed byAfghanistanClaimed byGeorgiaClaimed byNorth KoreaClaimed bySerbiaClaimed bySomaliaClaimed by thePeople's Republic of ChinaClaimed by theRepublic of ChinaClaimed bySouth KoreaClaimed byAzerbaijanClaimed by theRepublic of CyprusDisputed byIsraelClaimed byIndonesiaClaimed by theMarshall IslandsClaimed byMauritiusClaimed byMoroccoClaimed byMoldovaClaimed byMaliClaimed bySpainClaimed byArgentinaClaimed byUkraine ThePolisario Front,which administers the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, is recognized by the UN as thelegitimate representativeof the people ofWestern Sahara.[63][64]Recognised at some stage by84 UN member states,38 of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of theAfrican Union,an international organization withpermanent observer statusat the UN General Assembly.

The territories under its control, the so-calledFree Zone,are claimed in whole byMoroccoas part of itsSouthern Provinces.In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of theMoroccan sand wallcontrolled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile inTindouf,Algeria.

Somaliland– Republic of Somaliland DNo membership BClaimed byAfghanistanClaimed byGeorgiaClaimed byNorth KoreaClaimed bySerbiaClaimed bySomaliaClaimed by thePeople's Republic of ChinaClaimed by theRepublic of ChinaClaimed bySouth KoreaClaimed byAzerbaijanClaimed by theRepublic of CyprusDisputed byIsraelClaimed byIndonesiaClaimed by theMarshall IslandsClaimed byMauritiusClaimed byMoroccoClaimed byMoldovaClaimed byMaliClaimed bySpainClaimed byArgentinaClaimed byUkraine A de facto independent state[65][66][67]not formally diplomatically recognised byany other state[ak]and claimed in whole by theFederal Republic of Somalia.[68]
South Ossetia– Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania DNo membership BClaimed byAfghanistanClaimed byGeorgiaClaimed byNorth KoreaClaimed bySerbiaClaimed bySomaliaClaimed by thePeople's Republic of ChinaClaimed by theRepublic of ChinaClaimed bySouth KoreaClaimed byAzerbaijanClaimed by theRepublic of CyprusDisputed byIsraelClaimed byIndonesiaClaimed by theMarshall IslandsClaimed byMauritiusClaimed byMoroccoClaimed byMoldovaClaimed byMaliClaimed bySpainClaimed byArgentinaClaimed byUkraine A de facto independent state,[69]recognised byRussia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, and Transnistria. Claimed in whole byGeorgiathrough theAdministration of South Ossetia.[70]
Taiwan– Republic of China[o] DUN member state until 1971, now no membership Partially unrecognised.BClaimed byAfghanistanClaimed byGeorgiaClaimed byNorth KoreaClaimed bySerbiaClaimed bySomaliaClaimed by thePeople's Republic of ChinaClaimed by theRepublic of ChinaClaimed bySouth KoreaClaimed byAzerbaijanClaimed by theRepublic of CyprusDisputed byIsraelClaimed byIndonesiaClaimed by theMarshall IslandsClaimed byMauritiusClaimed byMoroccoClaimed byMoldovaClaimed byMaliClaimed bySpainClaimed byArgentinaClaimed byUkraine A state competing (nominally) for recognition with thePeople's Republic of China(PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the islands ofTaiwan,Penghu,Kinmen,theMatsu Islands,andPratas Island,as well asTaiping IslandandZhongzhou Reefof theSpratly Islands,and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on themainland.[71]The ROC is recognised by11UN member states andVatican City,none of which recognise the PRC. Additionally, one UN member (Bhutan) hasrefrained from recognisingeither the ROC or the PRC.

In addition to these relations, the ROC also maintains unofficial relations[72]with 58 UN member states, oneself-declared state(Somaliland), three territories (Guam,Hong Kong,andMacau), and theEuropean Unionvia itsrepresentative offices and consulatesunder theOne Chinaprinciple. Taiwan has the 31st-largest diplomatic network in the world with 110 offices.[73]

The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.[p]The ROCparticipates in international organizationsunder a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei".In theWTO,the ROC has full membership under the designation of "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu". The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in theUN Security Council.SeeChina and the United Nations.

Transnistria– Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic DNo membership BClaimed byAfghanistanClaimed byGeorgiaClaimed byNorth KoreaClaimed bySerbiaClaimed bySomaliaClaimed by thePeople's Republic of ChinaClaimed by theRepublic of ChinaClaimed bySouth KoreaClaimed byAzerbaijanClaimed by theRepublic of CyprusDisputed byIsraelClaimed byIndonesiaClaimed by theMarshall IslandsClaimed byMauritiusClaimed byMoroccoClaimed byMoldovaClaimed byMaliClaimed bySpainClaimed byArgentinaClaimed byUkraine A de facto independent state,[65]recognised only byAbkhaziaandSouth Ossetia.[59]Claimed in whole byMoldova.[74]

See also

Notes

  1. ^The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.
  2. ^TheSovereign Military Order of Maltais not included, as despite being a sovereign entity it lacks territory and does not claim statehood. Entities considered to bemicronationsare not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are alluncontacted peoples,either who live insocieties that cannot be defined as statesor whose statuses as such are not definitively known.
  3. ^abThis column indicates whether or not a state is a member of theUnited Nations.[1]It also indicates which non-member states participate in theUnited Nations Systemthrough membership in theInternational Atomic Energy Agencyor one of thespecialized agencies of the United Nations.All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of theInternational Court of Justice.
  4. ^abThis column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
  5. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabThe member states of theEuropean Unionhave transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example ofsupranational union.The EU has 27 member states.[13]
  6. ^abInformation is included on:
  7. ^abcdefghijklmnoCommonwealth realm refers to any member state of theCommonwealth of Nationswhose head of state is KingCharles III.Each realm is separate, independent, and a sovereign state; seeCommonwealth realm interrelationship.
  8. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxFor more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, seeList of autonomous areas by country.
  9. ^TheArgentine Constitution(Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.
  10. ^Argentina'sclaimedAntarctic territory ofArgentine Antarctica(Antártida Argentina) is one of five constituentdepartmentsof the provinceTierra del Fuego.[9]
  11. ^"Azerbaijan Republic" is sometimes used in an official capacity.
  12. ^The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see:Use of Dominion,Dominion#Canada.
  13. ^The government of Cape Verde declared "Cabo Verde" to be the official English name of the country in 2013.[17]
  14. ^Chile'sclaimedAntarctic territory of theChilean Antarctic(Antártica Chilena) is acommuneof theAntártica Chilena Provinceof theMagallanes Region.
  15. ^abThePeople's Republic of China(PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while theRepublic of China(ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically asChinese Taipei,or by otheralternative names.
  16. ^abIn 1949, the Republic of China government led by theKuomintang(KMT) lost theChinese Civil Warto theChinese Communist Party(CCP) and set up a provisional capital inTaipei.The CCP established the PRC. As such, thepolitical status of the ROC and legal status of Taiwan(alongside theterritoriesunder ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave theChina seatto the PRC. In the view of the United Nations, no member of the organization withdrew as a consequence of this, but the ROC representatives declared that they were withdrawing. Most states recognise the PRC to be thesole legitimate representativeof all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China".The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocatesTaiwan independence.
  17. ^See alsoDates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of ChinaandForeign relations of China.
  18. ^abcMore information on more or lessfederalstructures can be found atFederal governments.[18]
  19. ^Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to asZaire,its official name from 1971 to 1997.
  20. ^Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
  21. ^An official short name in English has been adopted by the Czech government, "Czechia".This variant remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organizations including the United Nations. SeeName of the Czech Republic.
  22. ^The designation "Denmark" can refer either to Metropolitan Denmark or to the entire Danish Realm (e.g. in international organisations).
  23. ^The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the official English name of the country.
  24. ^Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.
  25. ^Ålandwas demilitarized by theTreaty of Parisin 1856, which was later affirmed by theLeague of Nationsin 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty onFinland's admission to the European Union in 1995.
  26. ^France'sclaimedAntarctic territory ofAdélie Land(Terre Adélie) is one of five constituent districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
  27. ^Also known as Guinea-Conakry.
  28. ^While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"[26][27]and sometimes its counterpartLýðveldið Íslandin Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply "Iceland".[28]One example of the former is the name of theConstitution of Iceland,which in Icelandic isStjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslandsand literally means "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland". However, in this usage, "republic" is not capitalized.
  29. ^"Ireland" is the official name of the country in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the officialdescriptionin English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the largerisland of Ireland,however, this is officially deprecated.[30]Seenames of the Irish state.
  30. ^The government of Ivory Coast uses "Côte d'Ivoire" as the official English name of the country.
  31. ^The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the former name Burma still being used in many cases. SeeNames of Myanmar.
  32. ^The designation "the Netherlands" can refer either to the MetropolitanNetherlandsor to the entireKingdom(e.g. in international organisations).
  33. ^Formerly known constitutionally as the "Republic of Macedonia" from 1991 to 2019 and under the international designation of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019 due to theMacedonia naming disputewithGreece.Following thePrespa Agreementgoing into effect in February 2019, the country was renamed "North Macedonia".
  34. ^Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast borderingMorocco,known as theplazas de soberanía.
  35. ^Formerly known asCeylonuntil 1972.
  36. ^Formerly the "Republic of Turkey". In 2023, the United Nations recognized "Türkiye" as the official English name of the country after a request made by the Turkish government.
  37. ^Thoughde facto recognized by the Republic of China (Taiwan).

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Bibliography

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states&oldid=1276081332"