Wikipedia

Live television

(Redirected fromLive TV)
"Live TV" redirects here. For the British TV station formerly known by this name, seeL!VE TV.For the defunct Italian TV station, seeLive! (TV channel).

Live televisionis atelevision productionbroadcast in real-time, as events happen, in the present. In a secondary meaning, it may refer tostreaming televisionwhere all viewers watch the same stream simultaneously, rather than watchingvideo on demand.

Shows broadcast live includenewscasts,morning shows,awards shows, sports programs, reality programs and, occasionally, episodes of scripted television series.

Live television was more common until the late 1950s, whenvideotapetechnology was invented. Because of the prohibitive cost, adoption was slow, and some scripted television shows remained live until the 1970s, such assoap operas.To prevent unforeseen issues, live television programs may bedelayed,which allows censors to edit the program. Some programs may be broadcast live in certain time zones and delayed in others.

Types of programs

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From the early days of television until about 1958, live television was used heavily, except for filmed programs such asI Love LucyandGunsmoke.Althoughvideotapewas invented in 1956, it cost $300 per one hour reel (equivalent to $3,362 in 2023) slowing its adoption.[1]Some genres, such assoap operas,did not completely abandon live broadcasts until the mid-1970s.

In general, a livetelevision programwas more common for broadcasting content produced specifically forcommercial televisionin the early years of the medium, before technologies such as video tape appeared. Asvideo tape recorders(VTR) became more prevalent, many entertainment programs were recorded and edited before broadcasting rather than being shown live.

Morning shows

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As of September 2021,Television networksprovide most live television formorning showswith television programs such as:Good Morning Britain,BBC Breakfast,This Morning,Breakfast with Eamonn and Isabel,etc. broadcast live in the UK;Sunriselive in Australia;Your Morninglive in Canada; andToday,Good Morning America,andCBS Morningsin the U.S., which air live only in the Eastern Time Zone. The only exceptions areCBS Saturday MorningandSunday Today with Willie Geist,which air live in the Eastern and Central time zones. Spanish-language morning shows (such asDespierta AmericaandUn Nuevo Día), unlike their English speaking counterparts, air live in across the mainland U.S. except for viewers in the Pacific time zone, which, along with viewers in Hawaii and Alaska, have tape-delayed shows.

A few daytime talk shows in the U.S. broadcast live before a studio audience in select time zones. Shows such asLive with Kelly and Ryanand theWendy Williams Showair live in the Eastern time zone only, while shows such as ABC'sThe Viewair live in the Eastern and Central time zones.The Talkon CBS airs live in the Eastern and Central time zones Monday through Thursday. A separate program is taped on Thursday afternoon for airing on Friday. Affiliates in the remaining time zones air these programs on atape delay.Most other daytime talk shows andlate night programsare taped before a live studio audience earlier in the day and edited for later broadcast.

Entertainment shows

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Major entertainment events, such asaward showsandbeauty pageants,are often broadcast live inprimetimehours based on U.S. East Coast's schedule. In the 21st century,reality competitionfranchises began to emerge (such as, in the United States,American IdolandDancing With The Stars), where viewers could vote for their favorite acts featured in live performances, butAmerican Idol,as of 2024, is the only reality competition series to have broadcast live in all U.S. territories at the same time.

Scheduling of live entertainment programming may be complicated in countries that span multipletime zones,such asMexico, Canada and the United States,where programming is aired live in the easternmost time zones, but may be delayed in order to air in local primetime hours in western markets (although since the last decade, Canada and Mexico have regularly televised all major live events simultaneously across all of their territories).

Historically, live global sports and breaking international news programming are usually broadcast live in all time zones worldwide. Severalaward showsbegan to air live in all time zones worldwide in order to avert the need to avoid "spoilers" via the internet andsocial mediaoutlets in the onset of the latter's rise in the late 2000s. For decades, theAcademy Awardshave continuously broadcast live in Alaska and both U.S. coasts (and now including Hawaii and American Samoa by the late 2010s), and are later joined by theGolden Globe Awardssince the early 2010s. In recent years, thePrimetime Emmy Awards,Grammy AwardsandTony Awardshave joined airing live in all U.S. territories.

Some award shows like theBillboard Music Awardsand theMTV Video Music Awardshave switched annually between delayed and live nationwide telecasts since the mid-2010s as a result of the declining viewership across live event television in the same period.

News shows

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Most local television stationnewscastsare broadcast live in the U.S. as they are an essential medium for providing up-to-the-minute weather forecasts and breaking news stories. Broadcast television networks in the United States typically air their evening newscasts live in the Eastern and Central time zones. A separate "Western Edition" is broadcast to viewers in thePacific Time Zoneto account for latest news updates, and may sometimes be a second live broadcast with the same running time as the original East Coast airing. When a major breaking news event occurs, whether nationally or globally, broadcast television networks will break into regularly scheduled programming and will televise a live "special report"in all time zones. Local television stations break into regularly scheduled programming in the event ofsevere weather warningsor major local breaking news stories that occur within their viewing area.

Cable news outlets (such asCNNandFox News Channel) air continuous live programming during the day, and air rebroadcasts of earlier live shows during the late night hours, except in cases wherebreaking newsoccurs.[2]ThePBS NewsHourairs live on PBS stations in the Eastern Time Zone.[3]Sunday morning news programs in the USA such asMeet The Presson NBC,This Weekon ABC, andFox News Sundayair live in the Eastern Time Zone (including a limited number of small markets in the Central Time Zone), whileCBS Sunday MorningandFace The Nationon CBS air live in the Eastern and Central time zones.

Cable outlets (such as CNN and Fox News Channel) incorporate the wordLIVEin their network logo (also known as adigital on-screen graphic) when those networks broadcast live content. Some (but not all) sports cable networks will opt to insert the wordLIVEsomewhere on the corner of the screen. With the exception ofspecial breaking news reportsand overseas sporting events, broadcast television networks rarely display such a graphic during its live programming. (although NBC did display the word LIVE next to their logo during its Olympic coverage when live content was being broadcast, a practice that was continued by its sister station,NBCSN,until its closure in 2021.)[4]

Local television station newscasts display time and temperature during their broadcasts, and only display the word LIVE when they air a news report or alive shoton location. Some networks have begun to insert (in addition to the word LIVE) the local time of where that news report is originating from, particularly when that report is airing live via satellite from overseas.

Sports and other events

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As of the current decade, majorsporting eventslike theWorld Series,Super Bowl,World Cup,NBA Finals,andOlympic Gameshave been broadcast entirely live in all U.S. territories, encompassing both prime time hours of both U.S. coasts, simultaneous with the live global telecasts of these events in accordance with the official international broadcasters of such games.

Other events that air live all across U.S. territories include multi-network coverage of U.S. presidential and congressional elections, U.S.presidential inaugurations,theState of the Union Address,presidential news conferences,Presidential Addresses to the Nation,theTournament of Roses Parade,and funerals of major national or international public and religious figures. Local television stations air live local election coverage and special events, such as large scaleparades,big city marathons,funerals of major local public and religious figures, inauguration ceremonies of big city mayors and governors, installation masses of cardinals or bishops in a major Catholic archdiocese, andpep ralliesfor a major sports team. In the UK, events such as theState Opening of Parliamentare broadcast live.

Uses of live television

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Live television is often used as a device, even in scripted programming to take advantage of these often to great success in terms of attracting viewers. TheNBClive comedy/variety programSaturday Night Live,for example, has been on that network continuously since 1975 and airs live in the Eastern and Central zones (including the Pacific and Mountain zones beginning 2017 in its transition to its first live season all across the continental U.S. beginning 2018) during the show's season which runs from October though May.

On September 25, 1997, NBC aired two separate live broadcasts (for viewers in both U.S. coasts) of an episode ofER,which at the time was themost watched U.S. television program overall.Manytelevision newsprograms, particularlylocal newsones in North America, have also used live television as a device to gainaudienceviewers by making their programs appear more exciting. With technologies such asproduction trucks,satellite truckuplinks, anews reportercan report live "on location" from anywhere where a story is happening in the city. This technique has attracted criticism for its overuse (like minor car accidents which often have no injuries) and resulting tendency to make stories appear more urgent than they actually are.

The unedited nature of live television can pose problems for broadcasters because of the potential for mishaps, such as anchors being interrupted or harassed by bystanders shouting profane phrases.[5][6]In 2015, a femaleCityNewsjournalist confronted a group of young men who had used such a phrase; one of them later lost his job after he was identified.[7][8]Channels oftenbroadcast live programs on a slight delay(usually of less than ten seconds) to give them the ability to censor words and images while keeping the broadcast as "live" as possible.

Notable events on live television

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Many events have happened on live television broadcasts that are well-remembered, sometimes because they were part of a major breaking news story already, and always because they happened unexpectedly and before audiences of thousands or millions of viewers.

News

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  • September 30, 1929 – TheBBCmade the world's first television broadcast to British audiences: it is a live transmission.[9]
  • September 4, 1951 – The first national live television broadcast in the U.S. took place when PresidentHarry Truman's speech at theJapanese Peace Treaty ConferenceinSan Francisco, California,was transmitted overAT&T's transcontinentalcableandmicrowave radio relaysystem to broadcast stations in local markets.[10][11][12]
  • January 14, 1952 –The Today Show,the first broadcast morning news program in the U.S., premieres. Initially airing live in the Eastern and Central time zones up until 1958, nowadays this program airs live only in the Eastern Time Zone.[13]
  • March 30, 1953 – Crown PrinceAkihitoof Japan's departure from thePort of Yokohamaon theSSPresident Wilsonto attend thecoronation of Elizabeth IIin the United Kingdom was the first live television news broadcast in Japan.[14]
  • June 2, 1953 – Thecoronation of Elizabeth II,screened live ontelevision in the United Kingdom,is influential in encouraging sales of television sets.[15]
  • July 23, 1962 – The first live transatlantic television broadcast via theTelstar Isatellite.[16]
  • November 25, 1963 – TheState funeral of John F. Kennedywas broadcast on live TV. It was seen by perhaps what was the largest viewing audience up to then. It was the first live TV coverage of a Presidential funeral. Kennedy had been assassinated inDallas, Texas,three days before, on November 22, 1963.The assassinationitself initiated four days of non-stop live television news coverage seen by millions.
  • November 13, 1965 – Critic and authorKenneth Tynanbecame the first person to say the word "fuck"on British television on the live satirical programmeBBC-3while commenting on censorship during a TV debate.
  • December 24, 1968 –Apollo 8 Genesis readingduring the ninth orbit of theMoon
  • July 20–21, 1969 –Apollo 11,the first astronauts walking on the Moon after the first human landing. This event, broadcast live by nearly every television station in operation at the time, was viewed by 125 million viewers in the U.S. (93% of its television audience), and was the first live satellite broadcast in the State of Alaska.[17]It was estimated to have been seen by 600 million viewers worldwide.
  • November 7, 1970 –Felix Dennis,in a group interview onThe Frost Programme,became the first person to say "cunt"on live TV.
  • July 15, 1974 –Christine Chubbuck,a television news reporter for station WXLT-TV in Sarasota, Florida, committed suicide on live television by firing a revolver shot into her head.
  • June 1, 1980 – CNN is launched as the world's first 24-hour news channel.[18]
  • January 28, 1986 – TheSpace ShuttleChallengerdisasterwas seen on live TV by millions in the U.S.
  • February 9, 1988 – Bank robberPhillip Hutchinsonled police on a terrifying chase inDenver, Colorado.It was filmed by a news helicopter cameraman in one of the first ever recorded police chases to be featured in the news. The pilot of the news helicopter assisted police by landing directly in front of Hutchinson during his escape and stopped him from fleeing with a hostage in a stolen pickup truck. Hutchinson was then shot dead by police after refusing to surrender and threatening his hostage with a gun. The hostage escaped unharmed, but Hutchinson's death was filmed live by the news cameraman.[19]
  • February 5, 1989 –Sky Newsis launched as Europe's first 24-hour news channel.[20]
  • November 9, 1989 – Live coverage of the abolition of travel restrictions andthe opening of the bordertoWest Berlinafter mass panic and jubilation from East Germans.
  • June 17, 1994 – TheO. J. Simpson murder caseslow-speedcar chaseof aFord Broncovehicle containing American football star and murder suspectO. J. Simpsonwas broadcast live throughout the U.S., with NBC interrupting its coverage of the1994 NBA Finalsto do so.
  • April 30, 1998 –Daniel V. Jones,a cancer and HIV-positive patient apparently frustrated with hisHMOcoverage, ended a live televised stand-off with police on a Los Angeles freeway by committing suicide, shooting himself in the chin with a shotgun. The event, which took place on a Thursday afternoon, was witnessed by many children whose after-school cartoons had been interrupted in order to broadcast the incident, which originally began as a high-speed pursuit, and led many to criticize Los Angeles television stations' practice of airing police pursuits live.
  • September 11, 2001 – At 9:03am Eastern Daylight Time,United Airlines Flight 175crashed into the south tower of theWorld Trade Center,in front of millions of viewers who were already watching live coverage of the unfoldingterrorist attacksof that day. Major networks had broken into regular programming just minutes earlier with live shots of the twin towers afterAmerican Airlines Flight 11crashed into the north tower at 8:46am.[21]Millions of viewers around the world watching live coverage of the attacks sawboth buildings collapse.
  • March 23, 2003 –Sky Newsbroadcast live coverage of US forces attacking an Iraqi position. Sky reporter David Bowden, embedded with the US Marines, gave a live running commentary on the battle, something viewers had not seen before.
  • July 7, 2005 – A live television report on the unfolding situation on the7 July 2005 London bombingscaptured the sound of the Tavistock Square bus explosion at 9:46am British Summer Time.
  • July 27, 2007 – Two news helicopterscollided in midairoverPhoenix, Arizona,while covering a police pursuit. One of the helicopters was broadcasting live; viewers heard the collision and a scream before the station cut to the studio.
  • September 28, 2012 – 33-year-old Jodon F. Romero committed suicide in a field after he carjacked a vehicle in Phoenix and went on an 80-mile car chase. This was accidentally broadcast onStudio B with Shepard Smith.
  • August 26, 2015 -Murders of Alison Parker and Adam Ward:A news reporter and cameraman are murdered on live television by a former coworker during a news report. Shooter Vester Flanagan committed suicide some time later.[22]
  • July 13, 2024 -Donald Trumpwasshot in the earin an assassination attempt during live coverage of the Trump rally on various television channels and major news networks nearButler, Pennsylvania.[23]

Entertainment & sport

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  • August 1–16, 1936 – The1936 Summer Olympics,held in Berlin, Germany, were the first Olympic Games (and sporting event) to have live television coverage.[1]
  • May 17, 1939 – The first live televised sporting event in the U.S. takes place: a college baseball game between the Columbia Lions and the Princeton Tigers, was broadcast by NBC from Columbia's Baker Field in New York City. Princeton won that game 8–6.[24][25]
  • March 19, 1953 – First live broadcast ofThe Academy Awards.[26]
  • March 7, 1955 – First nationwide live broadcast ofThe Emmy Awards.[27]
  • November 30, 1958 – Midway through transmission of theArmchair TheatreplayUndergroundon the BritishITVnetwork, actorGareth Jonesdied off-camera, forcing the cast to improvise the remainder of the broadcast.
  • December 7, 1963 –Instant replayis used for the first time during the live transmission of theArmy–Navy Gameby its inventor, directorTony Verna.
  • February 9, 1964 –The Beatlesmake their first appearance onThe Ed Sullivan Show.This live broadcast onCBSdrew an estimated 73 million viewers (40% of the American population), the largest audience in the history of American television up to that time.
  • April 18, 1966 –The Academy Awardsbroadcast in color for the first time.[28]
  • June 25, 1967 –Our World,the first live internationalsatellite televisionproduction aired, seen by 400 million people in 25 countries worldwide. It closed withThe Beatlesperforming a new song: "All You Need Is Love",composed by John Lennon for the occasion.[29]
  • September 17, 1967 – WhileThe Doorsperformed "Light My Fire"onThe Ed Sullivan Show,frontmanJim Morrisonused the word "higher" instead of the previously agreed-upon change "better". This resulted in the band being banned from the program.
  • November 17, 1968 – A football game (known subsequently as theHeidiGame) between theNew York Jetsand theOakland Raidersran over its allotted time. At the time, NBC was contractually bound to air the children's movieHeidiat 7pm Eastern Time. NBC broke away from the game on the East Coast, after which Oakland scored 2 touchdowns in the final minute to win the game 43–32. This prompted outrage from sports fans, resulting in a change of policy where all televised sports events are now broadcast to its conclusion.
  • March 16, 1971 – First live broadcast ofThe Grammy Awards.[30]
  • March 5, 1975 –Graham Kennedymimicked a crow call ( "faaaaaaark" ) reminiscent of the wordfuckduring a hairspray ad onThe Graham Kennedy Showon theNine NetworkinAustralia.He was banned from live TV indefinitely for the stunt. He later parted ways with the network on April 17 after the network took advantage of the pre-taping to delete a speech critical of SenatorDoug McClelland(the then Minister for the Media), though Kennedy returned years later.
  • October 11, 1975 – First episode ofSaturday Night Livebroadcast in the United States.
  • December 1, 1976 – Appearing in a live interview on theThames Televisionpre-watershedprogrammeTodayas last-minute replacements for fellow EMI artistsQueen,theSex Pistolswere interviewed byBill Grundyto promote their recently released "Anarchy in the U.K."single. During the interview, Steve Jones said the band had" fucking spent "its label advance money andJohnny Rottenused the word "shit." PistolsguitaristSteve Jonescalled Grundy a "dirty sod" and a "dirty old man", leading Grundy to goad the band into swearing on live TV, and Jones ended the interview with "you dirty bastard," "you dirty fucker," and "what a fucking rotter".[31]The incident quickly became the subject of media attention, Grundy was fired by ITV andTodaywas cancelled.
  • February 20, 1981 – Appearing on the liveABCcomedy showFridaysas guest host, comedianAndy Kaufmanrefused to read his lines during the last sketch, to the annoyance of the cast and crew. The situation escalated into a minor brawl, and the network cut off the broadcast. Kaufman later admitted that the fight was planned by him and some of the cast and crew.
  • April 15, 1984 – English comedianTommy Coopercollapsed and subsequently died of a heart attack in front of millions of viewers onLive From Her Majesty's.The audience carried on laughing thinking it was part of his act, before the programme took a commercial break.
  • July 13, 1985 –Live Aid,the first live global concert aired to 1.9 billion viewers in 150 countries worldwide.[32]
  • January 4, 1987 – A massive bench-clearing brawl (the so-calledPunch-up in Piestany) occurred during the final game of the World Junior Hockey Championships between Canada and the Soviet Union inPiešťany,Czechoslovakia(now located inSlovakia). After Pavel Kostichkin took a two handed slash at Canada'sTheoren Fleury,the Soviet Union'sEvgeny Davydovcame off the bench, eventually leading to both benches clearing. The officials walked off the ice and tried shutting off the arena lights, but the brawl lasted for 20 minutes until theInternational Ice Hockey Federationdeclared the game null and void. Both teams were ejected from the tournament, and the Soviet team were barred from attending the end-of-tournament dinner.
  • October 17, 1989 – Right before Game 3 of The1989 World Seriesbetween theSan Francisco Giantsand theOakland Athletics,theLoma Prieta earthquakeoccurred.
  • February 18, 2001 - during the final lap of the2001 Daytona 500,seven-time champion and fan favoriteDale Earnhardtwas involved in a crash that resulted inhis death.
  • February 1, 2004 – During a performance by singersJustin TimberlakeandJanet Jacksonat theSuper Bowl XXXVIII half time show,Timberlake pulled off a part of Jackson's leather corset, revealing her right breast covered by a piece of jewelry attached to her nipple. He later described the incident as a "wardrobe malfunction".The incident caused outrage among religious groups and demands for theFCCto crack down on indecencyon television and radio. It resulted in broadcast television networks imposing aseven-second delayon all future live programming.
  • April 21, 2004 – After commenting on aUEFA Champions Leaguematch onITV1,Ron Atkinsonthought that the broadcast had finished. However, although transmission in the UK had finished, he was still on air to various countries in the Middle East and proceeded to say that "... he is what is known in some schools as a fucking lazy thick nigger" towardsMarcel Desailly.He resigned with immediate effect.
  • August 20, 2006 – During a live dance performance of "Crazy Love Song" by the female pop trioSeeYaon the Korean television programSBSInkigayo,a backup dancer who suffered fromepilepsy[citation needed]had a seizure in the middle of the song. The performers ignored the interruption and completed the performance normally before and after the dancer was carried off the stage.
  • April 14, 2007 – At the conclusion of an AFL match betweenFremantleandWest CoastonNetwork 10,Eagles player Michael Braun concluded his Ross Glenndenning Medal acceptance speech with "Let's have a fucking good year" in front of a TV audience of 550,000 and a crowd of 42,051. Braun was fined $5,500 (equivalent to $8,082 in 2023) by the AFL for the incident.
  • February 1, 2015 – NBC aired a rare Sunday Super Bowl edition ofThe Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallonlive from the Orpheum Theater in Phoenix, Arizona. This marked the first time since 1971 thatThe Tonight Showhad aired a live episode.
  • December 20, 2015 –Miss UniversehostSteve HarveycrownedColombia'srepresentativeas the wrong winner by mistake then crowned thePhilippines'representativeas the actual winner on live television.[33]
  • January 8, 2016 –The Late Show with Stephen Colbertaired a live episode for the first time in the 23-year history of CBS's late-night franchise.[34]
  • July 21, 2016 –Late Night with Seth Meyersaired a live episode for the first time in the 30-year history of NBC's late-night franchise.[35]
  • February 5, 2017 –Fox's live broadcast ofSuper Bowl LIbecame the first Super Bowl ever to be decided inovertimeand drew the largest total audience for any television program in U.S. history, garnering 172 million viewers (more than 50% of the U.S. population). Its half-time show featuringLady Gagadrew 117.5 million viewers.[36][37]
  • February 26, 2017 – Towards the end of the89th Academy Awards,the wrong winner for Best Picture was announced on live television before millions of people watching worldwide. A representative for Price Waterhouse Cooper (PwC), while tweeting a picture of Emma Stone, handed the presenter the wrong envelope. This caused a major embarrassment for AMPAS, and two accountants from PwC were banned from participating in future Academy Awards shows over the incident.[38][39]
  • April 15, 2017 –Saturday Night Liveairs the first coast to coast live episode in the U.S. for the first time in the show's 42-year history.[40]
  • April 29, 2018 –American Idolbecame the first reality competition series in the history of American television to air live coast to coast, allowing for real time voting across all U.S. territories.[41]
  • March 27, 2022 – During the94th Academy Awards,Will Smithstormed on stage and slappedChris Rockduring his presentation of an award. Smith returned to his seat and shouted profanities at Rock, who had made a questionable joke about Smith's wife,Jada Pinkett Smith.While the incident was censored byABCin the United States, it aired elsewhere.[42]
  • June 12, 2022 - TheTony Awardsairs its first live coast to coast edition in the U.S. in the awards show's history.[43][44][45]
  • February 8, 2023 – During an NBA match between theLos Angeles Lakersand theOklahoma City ThunderonTNT,Lakers playerLeBron Jamesconcluded his all-time NBA leading points scorer record-breaking speech with "Fuck, man".
  • February 12, 2023 –Fox's live broadcast ofSuper Bowl LVIIbecame the most watched television program in U.S. history, garnering an average of 115.1 million viewers. Its half-time show featuringRihannadrew more than 121 million viewers.[46]

Live television episodes

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Although all programs were once live, the use of video tape means that very few television programs in the modern era have ever attempted such a feat. In the U.S.,soap operasincludingAs the World TurnsandThe Edge of Nightwere broadcast live until1975.

On rare occasions, a scripted series will do an episode live to attract ratings. In the U.S. and Canada, the episode is occasionally performed twice: once for the east coast which is composed of theEastern Time ZoneandCentral Time Zoneand again three hours later for the west coast which is composed of theMountain Time Zoneand thePacific Time Zoneunless they haveDish NetworkorDirect TVwho provides the live feed in all states. The most recent scripted series to air all live episodes wasUndateableon NBC during its third season, which aired from October 2015 until January 2016.[47]

Notable examples of shows that have had a live episode include:

Since 2000, there have been a number of special films broadcast live. These include the remakes ofFail Safe(2000) andThe Quatermass Experiment(2005). Some recent examples of live episodic TV series include shows such asMelissa and Joey(2010),Whitney(2011) andUndateable(2014).

A live television advertisement was shown for the first time in 40 years to celebrate the arrival of the new Honda Accord in the United Kingdom. It was broadcast on Channel Four on 29 May 2008 at 20:10 during a special episode ofCome Dine With Me.The ad featured skydivers forming the letters of the word Honda over Spain.

Live television specials

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Many livetelevision specialswere telecast during the pre-videotape era. Among the most successful were the 1955 and 1956 telecasts ofPeter Pan,a 1954 musical adaptation ofJ. M. Barrie's 1904 play, starringMary Martin,andCyril Ritchard.This was such a hit that the show was restaged and rebroadcast (this time on videotape) with the same two stars and most of the rest of the cast in 1960, and rerun several times after that. ThePeter Pantelecasts marked the first-ever telecasts of a complete Broadway musical with most of its original cast.

On December 5, 2013,NBCbroadcast a live television special calledThe Sound of Music Live!starringCarrie Underwood.This program aired live in the Eastern and Central time zones, and was the first television musical special to air live on NBC in almost fifty years. On January 31, 2016,Foxbecame the first non-Big ThreeAmerican network to produce a musical special when it aired the television adaptation ofGreaselive in the Eastern and Central time zones.

Further reading

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  • No Retakes,by Sandra Grabman and Wright King. BearManor Media, 2008.
  • Caesar's Hours: My Life in Comedy, with Love and Laughter,by Sid Caesar with Eddy Friedfeld. Public Affairs, 2003.
  • The Box: An Oral History of Television 1920-1961,by Jeff Kisseloff. Penguin Books, 1995.
  • The Live Television Generation of Hollywood Film Directors,by Gorham Kindem. McFarland, 1994.
  • Live Television: The Golden Age of 1946-1958 in New York,by Frank Sturcken. McFarland, 1990.
  • Golden Age of Television: Notes from the Survivors,byMax Wilk.Moyer Bell Limited, 1989.
  • Where Have I Been? An Autobiography,by Sid Caesar with Bill Davidson, Crown Publishers, Inc., 1982.

See also

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References

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  1. ^"The History of Magnetic Recording",BBC,20 December 2004. Retrieved on 23 October 2014.
  2. ^Shows such asHannityon the Fox News Channel are pre-recorded the afternoon of its broadcast. However, this show occasionally airs live if breaking news or special events are being covered.
  3. ^"History - PBS NewsHour",www.pbs.org. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  4. ^In 2015, NBC began inserting the wordLIVEabove its on-air graphic during live telecasts of "Undateable" and "The Wiz", and in 2016, the Golden Globe Awards. However, they do not display theLIVEgraphic during programs such asSaturday Night Liveand theNBC Nightly News.Broadcast networks such as CBS, ABC, PBS, and FOX typically do not display a LIVE graphic during any of their live telecasts.
  5. ^Pelley, Laura (August 10, 2015)."Teen who kissed CBC reporter live on-air apologizes".The Toronto Star.RetrievedAugust 19,2016.
  6. ^Mallick, Heather (November 14, 2014)."Mallick: sick new trend of trying to humiliate female TV reporters".The Toronto Star.RetrievedOctober 19,2016.
  7. ^Nelson, Miranda (May 12, 2015)."Man gets fired after sexist heckling of Toronto reporter Shauna Hunt".The Georgia Straight.RetrievedOctober 19,2016.
  8. ^"TV3 reporter Kim Vinnell was groped, claims boyfriend".The New Zealand Herald.February 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 19,2016.
  9. ^"Experimental Television Transmission by the Baird Process - BBC Genome".BBC.30 September 1929.Retrieved12 July2020.
  10. ^"Truman to Be Televised In First National Hook-Up",The New York Times,September 4, 1951, p. 2.
  11. ^"Television Highlights",The Washington Post,September 4, 1951, p. B13.
  12. ^"Coast to Coast Television" (CBS advertisement),The Wall Street Journal,September 4, 1951, p. 9.
  13. ^Gerstenberger, Tim."15 Things You Didn't Know about The Today Show"Archived2014-10-14 at theWayback Machine,"www.tvovermind.com", 11 September 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  14. ^"50 Years of NHK Television: 50's Discovering TV's Potential".NHK.Retrieved11 February2022.
  15. ^Moran, Joe."Why Elizabeth II's 1953 Coronation is the day that changed television.","Radiotimes.com", London, 02 June 2013. Retrieved on 01 November 2014.
  16. ^Klein, Christopher."The Birth of Satellite TV, 50 years ago","History.com", 23 July 2012. Retrieved on 25 October 2014.
  17. ^"A Remote that Broke all the Records","Broadcasting Magazine", New York, 28 July 1969. Retrieved on 25 October 2014.
  18. ^Keisewetter, John."In 20 years, CNN has changed the way we view the news","Enquirer.com", 28 May 2000. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
  19. ^Moca, DianePilot Joined The Chase, Controversy Followed,Orlando Sentinel, 10 February 1991. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  20. ^Brown, Maggie"Sky TV's launch: 'a wing and a prayer',The Guardian, London, 5 February 2009. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  21. ^At 8:56am ET, all three U.S. broadcast morning shows (Early Show,TodayandGood Morning America) suspended tape delayed broadcasting and went live in all time zones coast to coast.
  22. ^Sandoval, Silverstein, and McShane,"TV news reporter, cameraman are fatally shot during live broadcast in Virginia; suspected shooter posts video of attack, then kills himself",New York Daily News, 27 August 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  23. ^What We Know About the Assassination Attempt Against TrumpNY Times,July 20, 2024.
  24. ^Koppett, Leonard."Baker Field: Birthplace of Sports Television","Columbia University", 1999. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  25. ^"Columbia vs. Princeton: First Televised Sporting Event Marks 70th Anniversary","Columbia University Athletics", 17 May 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
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