Lonchurusis agenusof marineray-finned fishesbelonging to thefamilySciaenidae,the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic.
| Lonchurus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lonchurus lanceolatus | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Sciaenidae |
| Genus: | Lonchurus Bloch,1793 |
| Type species | |
| Lonchurus barbatus Bloch, 1793[1]
| |
| Species | |
|
see text | |
Taxonomy
editLonchuruswas first proposed as a genus in 1793 by the GermanphysicianandnaturalistMarcus Elieser Blochwhen hedescribedLonchurus barbatusfrom Suriname.[1][2]SubsequentlyL. barbatuswas found to be asynonymof Bloch's 1788 species,Perca lanceolatus.[2]This genus has been placed in thesubfamilyMicropogoninae by some workers,[3]but the 5th edition ofFishes of the Worlddoes not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in theorderAcanthuriformes.[4]
Etymology
editLonchurusmeans "spear tail" and refers to the pointed, lance like tail ofL. lanceolatus.[5]
Species
editLonchuruscontains the following species:[6]
- Lonchurus elegans(Boeseman,1948)(Blackfin croaker)
- Lonchurus lanceolatus(Bloch, 1788)(Longtail croaker)
Some authorities classify the blackfin croaker (L. elegans) in the genusParalonchurusand treatLonchurusas amonospecific genus.[2]
Characteristics
editLonchuruscroakers have a elongate, slightly compressed body with a long head. They have small eyes and a cone-shape snout which protrudes past the horizontal mouth. There are between 1 and 15 pairs of mentalbarbels,as well as 4 or 5 pores, on the chin. The margin of thepreoperculumis not serrated and there is a notch on the upper angle of theoperculum.Thedorsal finis supported by 10 or 11 spines and between 31 and 39 rays. They have a very long, pointedpectoral finand thecaudal finis pointed too. Theanal finis supported by a pair of weak spins and between 6 and 9 soft rays.[7]These fishes reach a maximum publishedtotal lengthof 32 cm (13 in).[6]
Distribution and habitat
editLonchuruscroakers are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean off the western coast of South America and in theWindward Islands.They are coastal and estuarine fishes found over sand, mud and mixed sand and mud bottoms.[8][9]
Utilisation and conservation status
editLonchuruscroakers are caught as food fish. They are mainly taken asbycatch.TheIUCNhave too little information on the population, ecology, distribution and threats ofL. elegansand classify it asData Deficient.[10]They classifyL. lanceloatusas being ofLeast Concern.[11]
References
edit
- ^abEschmeyer, William N.;Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.)."Genera in the family Sciaenidae".Catalog of Fishes.California Academy of Sciences.Retrieved22 May2023.
- ^abcEschmeyer, William N.;Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.)."Species in the genusLonchurus".Catalog of Fishes.California Academy of Sciences.Retrieved22 May2023.
- ^Kunio Sasaki (1989)."Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)"(PDF).Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University.36(1–2): 1–137.
- ^J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).Fishes of the World(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502.ISBN978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023)."Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae".The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database.Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara.Retrieved22 May2023.
- ^abFroese, Rainer;Pauly, Daniel (eds.)."Species in genusLonchurus".FishBase.February 2023 version.
- ^"Genus: Lonchurus, Longtail Croaker, Croakers".Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system.Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.Retrieved22 May2023.
- ^Froese, Rainer;Pauly, Daniel (eds.)."Lonchurus elegans".FishBase.February 2023 version.
- ^Froese, Rainer;Pauly, Daniel (eds.)."Lonchurus lanceolatus".FishBase.February 2023 version.
- ^Aguilera Socorro, O. (2020)."Lonchurus elegans".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2020:e.T47147840A82680106.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T47147840A82680106.en.Retrieved22 May2023.
- ^Aguilera Socorro, O.; Chao, L. & Santos, S. (2020)."Lonchurus lanceolatus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2020:e.T47147979A82680261.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T47147979A82680261.en.Retrieved22 May2023.