Long-jawed orb weaversorlong jawed spiders(Tetragnathidae) are a family ofaraneomorphspidersfirst described byAnton Mengein 1866.[1]They have elongated bodies, legs, andchelicerae,and build small orb webs with an open hub with few, wide-set radii and spirals with no signal line or retreat. Some species are often found in longvegetationnear water.[2]
| Long-jawed orb-weavers Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Metellina mengei | |
| |
| Tetragnatha montana,female | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Tetragnathidae Menge,1866 |
| Diversity | |
| 50 genera,989 species | |
| |
Systematics
edit
As of March 2021[update],theWorld Spider Catalogaccepts the following extant genera:[3]
- AllendeÁlvarez-Padilla, 2007— Chile, Argentina
- AntillognathaBryant, 1945— Hispaniola
- AtelideaSimon, 1895— Sri Lanka
- AziliaKeyserling, 1881— United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
- ChrysometaSimon, 1894— South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
- CyrtognathaKeyserling, 1881— South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
- DianleucaugeSong & Zhu, 1994— China
- DiphyaNicolet, 1849— Asia, South America, Africa
- DolichognathaO. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869— Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
- DoryonychusSimon, 1900— Hawaii
- DyschiriognathaSimon, 1893— Indonesia, Brazil, Samoa
- GlenognathaSimon, 1887— Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
- HarlanethisÁlvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020— Australia (Queensland)
- HispanognathaBryant, 1945— Hispaniola
- HomalometaSimon, 1898— Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
- IamarraÁlvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020— Australia (Queensland)
- LeucaugeWhite, 1841(includingOpas) — Africa, North America, Asia, Oceania, South America, Central America, Caribbean
- LeucognathaWunderlich, 1992— Azores, Kenya, Tanzania
- MesidaKulczyński, 1911— Oceania, Asia, Africa
- MetaC. L. Koch, 1836— Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
- MetabusO. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899— Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
- MetellinaChamberlin & Ivie, 1941— Africa, Asia, Canada
- MetleucaugeLevi, 1980— Asia, United States
- MitoscelisThorell, 1890— Indonesia
- MollemetaÁlvarez-Padilla, 2007— Chile
- NanningiaZhu, Kim & Song, 1997
- NanometaSimon, 1908— Australia
- NeoprolochusReimoser, 1927— Indonesia
- OkileucaugeTanikawa, 2001— China, Japan
- OrsinomeThorell, 1890— Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
- PachygnathaSundevall, 1823— Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
- ParametaSimon, 1895— Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
- ParaziliaLessert, 1938— Congo
- PholcipesSchmidt & Krause, 1993— Comoros
- PickardinellaArcher, 1951— Mexico
- PinkfloydiaDimitrov & Hormiga, 2011— Australia
- SancusTullgren, 1910— Kenya, Tanzania
- SchenkeliellaStrand, 1934— Sri Lanka
- TaraireÁlvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020— New Zealand
- TawhaiÁlvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020— New Zealand
- TetragnathaLatreille, 1804— Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
- TimonoeThorell, 1898— Myanmar
- TyloridaSimon, 1894— Asia, Africa, Oceania
- WolongiaZhu, Kim & Song, 1997— China
- ZhinuKallal & Hormiga, 2018— Taiwan, Korea, Japan
- ZygiometellaWunderlich, 1995— Israel
Fossil genera
editSeveral extinct, fossil genera have been described:[4]
- †AnametaWunderlich, 2004(Palaeogene,BitterfieldandBaltic amber)
- †BalticgnathaWunderlich, 2004(Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †CorneometaWunderlich, 2004(Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †EometaPetrunkevitch, 1958(Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †HuergninaSelden & Penney, 2003(Cretaceous,Las Hoyas, Spain)
- †MacryphantesSelden, 1990(Cretaceous)
- †PalaeometaPetrunkevitch, 1922(Palaeogene,Florissant)
- †PalaeopachygnathaPetrunkevitch, 1922(Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †PriscometaPetrunkevitch, 1958(Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †SamlandicmetaWunderlich, 2012(Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
Formerly placed here
edit- DeliochusSimon, 1894– now inAraneidae
- ErycinioliaStrand, 1912– now a synonym ofNanometa
- MenosiraChikuni, 1955– now a synonym ofMetellina
- NediphyaMarusik & Omelko, 2017– now a synonym ofNanometa
- PhonognathaSimon, 1894– now in Araneidae
- ProlochusThorell, 1895– seeDolichognatha
See also
editA few spiders in this family include:
References
edit- ^Menge, Anton (1866). "Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung".Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.).1.
- ^Gould, John; García, Luis Fernando; Valdez, Jose. W. (March 2023)."Water webbing: Long‐jawed spider (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) produces webs that touch the surface of ephemeral waterbodies".Ethology.129(3):182–185.doi:10.1111/eth.13355.
- ^"Family: Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866".World Spider Catalog.Natural History Museum Bern.Retrieved2021-03-06.
- ^Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online athttp://wsc.nmbe.ch,version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related toTetragnathidae.
Wikispecieshas information related toTetragnathidae.
- Tree of Life Tetragnathidae
- Tatragnatha sp.Large format diagnostic photographs and information
- Reference Photos:Tetragnatha laboriosa
- Venusta Orchard Spider - Family Tetragnathidae
- Pictures ofTetragnatha sp.(free for noncommercial use)