Loris

Lorises; Temporal range:Mioceneto present
	Joseph Smit'sFaces of Lorises(1904)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Strepsirrhini
Family:	Lorisidae
Subfamily:	Lorinae; Gray,1821
Genera
	Loris; Nycticebus; Xanthonycticebus;
Synonyms
	Lorisinae;

Lorisis thecommon namefor thestrepsirrhine mammalsof the subfamilyLorinae^[1](sometimes spelledLorisinae^[2]) in the familyLorisidae.Lorisis one genus in this subfamily and includes theslender lorises,Nycticebusis the genus containing theslow lorises,andXanthonycticebusis the genus name of thepygmy slow loris.

Description

Lorises arenocturnalandarboreal.^[3]They are found intropicaland woodland forests of India, Sri Lanka, and parts ofsoutheast Asia.Their locomotion is a slow and cautious climbing form ofquadrupedalism.Some lorises are almost entirelyinsectivorous,while others also includefruits,gums,leaves,andslugsin their diet.^[4]^{[page needed]}

Lorises, like most strepsirrhines, have a special adaptation called a "toothcomb"in their lower front teeth, which they use for grooming their fur and even injecting their venom.^[5]

Female lorises practiceinfant parking,leaving their infants behind in trees or bushes. Before they do this, they bathe their young withallergenic salivathat is acquired by licking patches on the insides of their elbows which produce a mild toxin that discourages mostpredators,^[4]thoughorangutansoccasionally eat lorises.^[6]

Taxonomic classification

The family Lorisidae is found within theinfraorder Lemuriformesandsuperfamily Lorisoidea,along with the family Galagidae, thegalagos.This superfamily is a sister taxon of Lemuroidea, thelemurs.Within Lorinae, there are ten species (and several more subspecies) of lorises across three genera:^[1]

FamilyLorisidae
- SubfamilyPerodicticinae
- Subfamily Lorinae
  - GenusLoris
    - Gray slender loris,Loris lydekkerianus
      - Highland slender loris,L. lydekkerianus grandis
      - Mysore slender loris,L. lydekkerianus lydekkerianus
      - Malabar slender loris,L. lydekkerianus malabaricus
      - Northern Ceylonese slender loris,L. lydekkerianus nordicus
    - Red slender loris,L. tardigradus
      - Dry Zone slender loris,L. tardigradus tardigradus
      - Horton Plains slender loris,L. tardigradus nyctoceboides
  - GenusXanthonycticebus^[7]
    - Pygmy slow loris,X. pygmaeus
  - GenusNycticebus
    - Bangka slow loris,Nycticebus bancanus
    - Bengal slow loris,N. bengalensis
    - Bornean slow loris,N. borneanus
    - Sunda slow loris,N. coucang
    - Javan slow loris,N. javanicus
    - Kayan River slow loris,N. kayan
    - Philippine slow loris,N. menagensis
    - Sumatran slow loris,N. hilleri
    - †?N. linglom(fossil,Miocene)

References

^^a ^b ^cGroves, C. P.(2005).Wilson, D. E.;Reeder, D. M. (eds.).Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 122–123.ISBN 0-801-88221-4.OCLC 62265494.
^Brandon-Jones, D.; Eudey, A. A.; Geissmann, T.; Groves, C. P.; Melnick, D. J.; Morales, J. C.; Shekelle, M.; Stewart, C.-B. (2004)."Asian Primate Classification"(PDF).International Journal of Primatology.25(1): 100.doi:10.1023/b:ijop.0000014647.18720.32.S2CID 29045930.
^Ronald M. Nowak; Ernest Pillsbury Walker (28 October 1999).Walker's Primates of the World.JHU Press.ISBN 978-0-8018-6251-9.loris OR lorises.
^^a ^bJurmain, Robert; Kilgore, Lynn; et al. (2008).Introduction to Physical Anthropology.ISBN 978-1337099820.
^Nekaris, K A I (2014). "Extreme primates: Ecology and evolution of Asian lorises".Evol Anthropol.23(5): 177–87.doi:10.1002/evan.21425.PMID 25347976.S2CID 1948088.
^"Orangutan Ecology".Orangutan Foundation International.Retrieved2014-01-14.
^Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola; Nijman, Vincent (2022-03-23)."A new genus name for pygmy lorises, Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. (Mammalia, primates)".Zoosystematics and Evolution.98(1): 87–92.doi:10.3897/zse.98.81942.ISSN 1860-0743.S2CID 247649999.

External links

Data related toLorisat Wikispecies

[msw3-1] Groves, C. P.(2005).Wilson, D. E.;Reeder, D. M. (eds.).Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 122–123.ISBN 0-801-88221-4.OCLC 62265494.

[Brandon-Jones_et_al-2] Brandon-Jones, D.; Eudey, A. A.; Geissmann, T.; Groves, C. P.; Melnick, D. J.; Morales, J. C.; Shekelle, M.; Stewart, C.-B. (2004)."Asian Primate Classification"(PDF).International Journal of Primatology.25(1): 100.doi:10.1023/b:ijop.0000014647.18720.32.S2CID 29045930.

[NowakWalker1999-3] Ronald M. Nowak; Ernest Pillsbury Walker (28 October 1999).Walker's Primates of the World.JHU Press.ISBN 978-0-8018-6251-9.loris OR lorises.

[Jurmain-4] Jurmain, Robert; Kilgore, Lynn; et al. (2008).Introduction to Physical Anthropology.ISBN 978-1337099820.

[Nekaris-5] Nekaris, K A I (2014). "Extreme primates: Ecology and evolution of Asian lorises".Evol Anthropol.23(5): 177–87.doi:10.1002/evan.21425.PMID 25347976.S2CID 1948088.

[6] "Orangutan Ecology".Orangutan Foundation International.Retrieved2014-01-14.

[7] Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola; Nijman, Vincent (2022-03-23)."A new genus name for pygmy lorises, Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. (Mammalia, primates)".Zoosystematics and Evolution.98(1): 87–92.doi:10.3897/zse.98.81942.ISSN 1860-0743.S2CID 247649999.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]