Louis I,calledthe Lame(1279 – 1341) was a Frenchprince du sang,Count ofClermont-en-BeauvaisisandLa Marcheand the firstDuke of Bourbon,as well as briefly the titularKing of Thessalonicafrom 1320 to 1321.
| Louis I | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Duke of Bourbon | |
| Reign | 1327 – 1341 |
| Predecessor | Title Established |
| Successor | Peter I |
| Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis | |
| Reign | 1317 – 1327 1331 – 1341 |
| Predecessor | Robert |
| Successor | Peter I |
| Count of La Marche | |
| Reign | 1322 – 1341 |
| Predecessor | Charles IV, King of France |
| Successor | James I |
| Born | 1279 Clermont, Oise,France |
| Died | 1341 (aged 61–62) France |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | Peter I, Duke of Bourbon Joanna, Countess of Forez Margaret of Bourbon Marie, Latin Empress Philip of Bourbon James of Bourbon James I, Count of La Marche Beatrice, Queen of Bohemia |
| House | Bourbon |
| Father | Robert, Count of Clermont |
| Mother | Beatrix of Burgundy |
Life
editLouis was born inClermont-en-Beauvaisis,the son ofRobert, Count of Clermont,and a grandson of KingLouis IX of France.[1]Louis' mother wasBeatrix of Burgundy,heiress of Bourbon and a granddaughter ofHugh IV, Duke of Burgundy.[1]
He fought on the losing side at theBattle of the Golden Spurs(1302)[2]and at theBattle of Mons-en-Pévèle(1304),[3]but managed to escape unharmed. In 1310, he was madeGrand Chambrier of France.Louis wascrucesignatusin 1316 founding a confraternity called the Holy Selpulchre.[4]On 13 September 1318,Philip V of Francedesignated Louis, who had drawn up a preliminary crusading plan, as captain-general of his crusading army, however the loss of the Franco-Papal fleet in 1319 to the Ghibbelines at Genoa sidelined their efforts.[5]
On 14 April 1320, Louis offered 40,000 livres toOdo IV, Duke of Burgundyfor the rights to the title King of Thessalonica, however Philip of Taranto stepped in and offered the same amount which Odo accepted.[6]The terms of the agreement also included the marriage of Philip's oldest son and Louis' daughter, Beatrice.[6]
In 1327,Charles IV of Francepersuaded Louis to exchange the County of Clermont for that of La Marche, and elevated Bourbon to aduchy-peerage.[7]By 1331, Clermont was restored to him since he was part of Philip VI's small circle of trusted advisors.[8]Louis continued to be an integral part of French crusading plans until 1336, whenPope Benedict XIIcancelled Philip VI's crusade.[4]
Duke Louis is reported to have been somewhat mentally unstable, in particular having nervous breakdowns. The trait is believed to have been hereditary, with his granddaughterJoanna of Bourbon,her son, KingCharles VI of France,and Charles' grandson, KingHenry VI of England,all displaying similar symptoms.[citation needed]
He was buried in the now-demolished church of theCouvent des JacobinsinParis.
Family and children
editIn 1310, Louis marriedMary of Avesnes,[9]daughter ofJohn II of Avesnes,Count of HainautandHollandbyPhilippa of Luxembourg.They had:
- Peter I, Duke of Bourbon(1311–1356), marriedIsabella of Valois,had issue.[10]Peter was killed at theBattle of Poitiers.[11]
- Joanna (1312–1402), married in 1324 Guigues VII, Count of Forez.
- Margaret (1313–1362), married on 6 July 1320 Jean II de Sully, married in 1346 Hutin de Vermeilles.
- Marie(1315–1387,Naples), married first inNicosiain January 1330 Guy of Lusignan (d. 1343), titularPrince of Galilee,[12]married second on 9 September 1347Robert of Taranto,the titularLatin Emperor.[12]
- Philip (1316 – aft. 1327).
- James (1318).
- James I, Count of La Marche(1319–1362),[13]killed at theBattle of Brignais.[14]
- Beatrice(1320 – 23 December 1383,Danvillers),[6]married first atVincennesin 1334John of Luxembourg, King of Bohemiaas his second wife,[15]married secondly c. 1347 Eudes II of Grancey (d. 1389).
With Jeanne de Bourbon-Lancy, dame de Clessy, Louis had several illegitimate children:
- Jean (ca.1297–1375), "bâtard de Bourbon", knight, seigneur ofRochefort,[16]Ébreuil,Beçay le Guérant,Bellenave,Jenzat,Serrant and la Bure, advisor to the dukes of Berry and Bourbon, lieutenant du Forez, married Agnès Chaleu for his third wife;
- "N" (eldest daughter), "bâtarde de Bourbon", married in 1317 to Girard of Châtillon-en-Bazois;
- Guy (vers 1299–1349), "bâtard de Bourbon", seigneur of Clessy, la Ferté-Chauderon and Montpensier (legitimized in 1346, but that same year he was again bastardized). Married in 1315 Agnès of Chastellus, then between 1330 and 1333 Isabelle of Chastelperron;
- Jeannette, "bâtarde de Bourbon", married in 1310 to Guichard of Chastellus.
References
edit- ^abViard 1937,p. 223.
- ^Verbruggen 2002,p. 56.
- ^Verbruggen 1997,p. 202.
- ^abGeorgiou 2018,p. 39.
- ^Georgiou 2018,p. 38.
- ^abcTopping 1975,p. 115-116.
- ^Henneman 1995,p. 138.
- ^Desmond 2018,p. 248.
- ^Warner 2016,p. 12.
- ^Heers 2003,Bourbon table.
- ^Nicolle 2004,p. 65.
- ^abTopping 1975,p. 132.
- ^Thompson 1909,p. 527.
- ^Sumption 1999,p. 479.
- ^Boehm & Fajt 2005,p. xvi.
- ^Boudet 1900,p. 16.
Sources
edit- Boehm, Barbara Drake; Fajt, Jiří, eds. (2005).Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347–1437.New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.ISBN1-58839-161-2.
- Boudet, Marcellin (1900).Documents historiques inedits du XIVe siecle: Thomas de La Marche, batard de France et ses Aventures (1318-1361)(in French). Chez Ulysse Jouvet, Imprimeur-Editeur.
- Desmond, Karen (2018).Music and themoderni,1300–1350: The ars nova in Theory and Practice.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN9781316617793.
- Georgiou, Constantinos (2018).Preaching the Crusades to the Eastern Mediterranean: Propaganda, Liturgy and Diplomacy, 1305–1352.London: Routledge.ISBN978-1-138-74370-0.
- Heers, Jacques (2003).Louis XI.Paris: Tempus Perrin.ISBN9782262020842.
- Henneman, John Bell Jr. (1995). "Bourbon/Bourbonnais". In Kibler, William W.; Zinn, Grover A.; Henneman, John Bell Jr.; Earp, Lawrence (eds.).Medieval France: An Encyclopedia.New York: Garland Publishing Inc.ISBN0-8240-4444-4.
- Nicolle, David (2004).Poitiers 1356: The capture of a king.Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.ISBN1-84176-516-3.
- Sumption, Jonathan (1999).The Hundred Years War:Trial by Fire.Vol. II. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.ISBN0-8122-1655-5.
- Thompson, James Westfall(1909).The Wars of Religion in France, 1559-1576.Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- Topping, Peter (1975)."The Morea, 1311–1364".InSetton, Kenneth M.;Hazard, Harry W. (eds.).A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries.Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. pp.104–140.ISBN0-299-06670-3.
- Verbruggen, J. F. (1997).The Art of Warfare in Western Europe During the Middle Ages: From the Eighth Century to 1340.Translated by Willard, Colonel Sumner (Second ed.). Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.ISBN0-85115-570-7.
- Verbruggen, J. F. (2002). DeVries, Kelly (ed.).The Battle of the Golden Spurs (Courtrai, 11 July 1302).Translated by Ferguson, David Richard. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.ISBN978-0851158884.
- Viard, Jules (1937).Les Grandes Chroniques de France(in French). Vol. Tome Neuvième. Paris: Société d'histoire de France.
- Warner, Kathryn (2016).Isabella of France: The Rebel Queen.The Hill, Stroud, Gloucester, UK: Amberley Publishing.ISBN9781445647401.