Wikipedia

Lowry Air Force Base

(Redirected fromLowry AFB)
"Lowry Field" redirects here. For the "Lowry Field" baseball facility renamed Jackie Robinson Field, seeLowry Sports Complex.For the former James A. Lowry Municipal Airport, seeNorthport, Washington.For the airfield at the nearby 1942Continental-Denver Modification Center,seeDenver Municipal Airport.

LowryAir Force Base(Lowry Fieldfrom 1938–1948) is a formerUnited States Army Air Forces(USAAF) training base duringWorld War IIand aUnited States Air Force(USAF) training base during theCold War.From 1955-1958, it served as the initial site of theU.S. Air Force Academy.It is a U.S.Formerly Used Defense Site(B08CO0505).[4]

Lowry Air Force Base
Part ofAir Training Command(ATC)
Located inAuroraandDenver,Colorado
Lowry Air Force Base and nearby residential areas in March 1987
Coordinates39°43′23″N104°53′31″W/ 39.72306°N 104.89194°W/39.72306; -104.89194(Lowry AFB)[1]
TypeUSAF base
CodeGNIS: 2089348[1]
FFID: CO857002413000[2] USAF: 08007F[3]
Site information
OwnerCity & County of Denver
Controlled byUnited States Air Force
ConditionDenver neighborhood
Site history
Built1937–1941
In use12 Dec 1938 – 30 Sep 1994 (base)
1938 – 1966 (airfield)
Demolishednumerous buildings
Garrison information
GarrisonLowry Technical Training Center
Lowry Air Force Base is located in Colorado
Lowry
Lowry
725-B
725-B
PJKS
PJKS
725-C
725-C
class=notpageimage|
Lowry AFB shown with 2 Titan Ilaunch complexesandmissile plant PJKS

Background

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TheCity of Denver, Auraria, and Highlandwas chartered as the 1859territorial capitalafter the start of the 1858Pike's Peak gold rush.In 1887,Fort Loganwas established in the modernDenver Metropolitan Area.East of the state capital, military training atMontclair, Colorado,began at the future airfield when the 1887Jarvis Hall Military Schoolopened. Montclair was incorporated intoDenverin 1903 and Jarvis Hall burned down in 1904. At the military school site theAgnes PhippsMemorial Sanatorium[5]was established as a tuberculosis hospital in 1904 at 520 Rampart Way[5](cf."East 6th Avenue and Quebec Street" ) by Lawrence C. Phipps Sr., and in the 1930s the sanatorium included 17 buildings designed by theGoveandWalshfirm.[6]

"After several fires atChanute Fieldand deterioration of the buildings "in Illinois,[7]a 1934 Air Corps announcement solicited a replacement training location and Denver submitted a bid.[6]The City of Denver purchased the sanatorium for an airfield after a 1935 municipal bond vote.[6]On 27 August 1937, theDenver Branch,Air Corps Technical School,was formed with Departments of Photography andArmament[citation needed]( "photography training moved from Chanute Field" ),[8]and theWPAconverted the sanatorium grounds into aColorado military airfield.[6]In February 1938 theairfield being installedadjacent toFairmont Cemeterywas assigned to theAir Corps Technical Schoolheadquartered at Chanute,[citation needed]and "the Denver branch of the Army Air Corps became an Army post of 880 acres."[9]

Original Lowry Field

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The nameLowry Fieldwas originally assigned to an airfield consisting of property taken over by the Colorado National Guard, having a southern border along East 38th Avenue between Dahlia & Holly Streets.[10]It was named forSecond Lieutenant Francis Lowry, the only Colorado pilot killed in combat in World War I.The airfield was used by the120th Observation Squadron,45th DivisionAviation. In 1924, the 120th began flyingCurtiss JN-4Es(better known as Jennies) at the new airfield.

A 28 October 1926 photo shows theFokker BA-1 trimotorJosephine Ford of theByrd Arctic Expeditionbeing refueled at the original Lowry Field.[11]Charles Lindberghand hisSpirit of St. Louismade a scheduled stop at Lowry on 1 September 1927[11]during his 48 state sponsored tour.[12]Jack Taylor died on the maiden voyage of the Cheyenne-Pueblo-Denvercontract airmail routefrom Lowry to Cheyenne when his aircraft exploded on 10 December 1927.[13]He was flying a largeDouglas mail planeforWestern Air Express Inc.near Lowry.[14][15][16]

During the latter part of 1937 the name "Lowry Field" was transferred from the Colorado National Guard facility to the new Denver Branch, Air Corps Technical School. In early 1938, after about a year of overlapping operations, the 120th Observation Squadron moved to their new quarters at theDenver Municipal Airport;[17]remaining there until mobilization for World War II took place on 6 January 1941. The 19 officers and 116 enlisted members of the squadron then moved toBiggs Army Airfield,Texas.[18]

In 1938, the former Lowry Field was renamed Combs Field whenHarry B. Combsbegan leasing the airfield. He and a partner opened Mountain State Aviation, afixed-base operationandflight trainingfacility. Mountain State would go on to train over 9,000 pilots forWorld War IIthrough theCivilian Pilot Training Programat the location. In 1936, Combs had joined the 120th Observation Squadron, flying the0-19E variantand gaining enough flying time to earn his instructor’s rating.[19][20]

Lowry Field

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World War II Postcard of Lowry Field

Lowry Fieldwas assigned to the new Army Air Field on 11 March 1938. Photographic courses began prior to the field's completion and runway paving.[21]The paved runway opened on 4 April[22](first used by aB-18 Bolo). The sanatorium's main building became the Army post's headquarters, and the largest single barracks (3,200 men) was completed in mid-1940.[22]The "Northeast-Southwest runway was completed in 1941"[23]and on 1 March 1941, theAir Corps Technical Schoolmoved an "A.A.F. Clerical School"[24]for Air Corps Clerks (384 hours)[25]to Fort Logan from Lowry.[26]Beginning 16 July 1940,[27]the 1st class of theAAF bombardier schoolswas at Lowry and usedthe nearby bombing and gunnery rangethrough 14 March 1941,[28]graduating three classes of instructors who opened theBarksdale Fieldbombardier school.[29]

Fourth Technical Training District

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Lowry training forBoeing B-29 Superfortresspilot qualification and for B-29 operational crew readiness began in 1943, and the base had a July 1943–Jan 1944 clerical school.[dubious–discuss]In 1944 expansion of Lowry's airfield was planned[30]and Lowry gained B-29 Flight Engineer training.

Lowry transferred underTechnical Training Commandin mid-October 1945 (Air Training Commandon 1 July 1946) and by the end of 1945, Lowry's separation center was processing an average of 300 discharges a day. The nearby bombing range was transferred from Buckley Field, by authority ofTechnical Division, Air Training Command,to Lowry A.F.B. on 20 September 1946.[31]In July 1947, formal courses in Intelligence Training were established at Lowry for combat reporting, photographic intelligence, prisoner of war interrogation, and briefing and interrogation of combat crews.

USAF base

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Lowry Air Force Basewas designated on 24 June 1948 and on 26 August 1948 established all Lowry training organizations under the3415th Technical Training Wing(redesignated "Lowry Technical Training Center" on 1 Jan 1959). Lowry providedOperation Hayrideemergency response for people and livestock threatened by eighteen December 1948 – January 1949 snowstorms from Utah to Kansas (e.g., aC-47of the2151st Air Rescue Unitdelivered 115 blankets and 30 cases of C rations on 4 January to 482 people atRockport, Colorado.)[32]By 25 August 1949, the3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Squadronhad a unit based at Lowry which operated a Strategic Air Command radar station[33](Lowry's radar annexwas atGenesee Mountain Park.)

In 1951, plans called for the headquarters ofTechnical Training Air Forceto be at Lowry[8]and after expansion at the beginning of theKorean War,Lowry courses included photography, armament,rocket propulsion,electronics,radar-operated fire-control systems, computer specialties, gun and rocket sights, and electronically operated turret systems. The 3415th Wing formed a Guided Missiles Department on 7 June 1951[citation needed]and from 1952 – 1955, Lowry functioned as PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower'sSummer White House.Beginning in September 1954, the 3415th TTW moved intelligence, comptroller, and transportation training programs toSheppard AFB.On 11 July 1955, the first class of 306 USAF Academy cadets was sworn in at Lowry.[34]

In 1956 Lowry's bombing range support ended when the bombing range mission was terminated[35]and Lowry's first general courses for missiles were developed.[8]Courses were for Falcon, Rascal, Snark, and Navajo missiles and in 1958, Nuclear Weapons Training. Also early in 1958, the USAF concluded that the new NORAD headquarters (different from the plannedCheyenne Mountain nuclear bunkers for NORADand theDenver ADS) should be relocated fromEnt AFBto Lowry AFB (CO Springs'Chidlaw Buildingbecame the new NORAD HQ).[36]In 1960, Lowry was the 3rd ranked technical training base of ATC.[7]

ICBM headquarters and training

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TheAir Force Ballistic Committee,formed in 1955, approved the former bombing range on 13 March 1958 for the firstTitan IICBMlaunch complex(theTitan missile plantwas built atWaterton Canyon.) The703d Strategic Missile Wingwas activated on 25 September 1958 and redesignated the 451 SMW on 1 July 1961, at the same time the 848th and the 849 SMS were redesignated the 724th and 725 SMS. Construction on all nine silos at the three launch complexes for the 724 was completed by 4 August 1961. On 18 April 1962, Headquarters SAC declared the 724th SMS operational, and 2 days later the first Titan Is went on alert status. A month later, the sister 725th SMS (initially designated the 849th SMS) declared it had placed all nine of its Titan Is on alert status, which marked a SAC first. Both the 724th and 725th Strategic Missile Squadrons formed components of the Lowry-headquartered451st Strategic Missile Wing.[37]The "original class of instructors" for theMace missilecourse at Lowry graduated from the "G.L. Martin factorytraining course in Baltimore MD in 1960 "[38]and by early 1961, Lowry's personnel course moved toGreenville AFB.[7]

By 1962, Lowry's Department of Missile Training was graduating over 1,000 trained missile specialists per year,[citation needed]and the "Tactical Missile School at Lowry" (e.g., for Matador missile training) in January 1962 "was located in the Black Hangar."[39]On 25 June 1965, the 724th and 725thStrategic Missile Squadronswere inactivated,[40]and the last missile supported by Lowry was removed on 14 April 1965.[41]

Air Intelligence Training Center

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Not to be confused withAir Technical Intelligence Center.

TheArmed Forces Air Intelligence Training Centerwas established at Lowry effective 1 July 1963 with student training beginning on 17 July[citation needed](by 14 March, "the Defense Department had assigned responsibility for all DOD air intelligence training and advanced training in photographic, radar, and infrared interpretation to the Air Force." )[8]In 1965, the runway was closed, and all Lowry AFB flying activities moved to nearbyBuckley Air National Guard Base.Ten courses fromAmarillo AFBwere planned to be moved to Lowry in mid-1968,[8]: 159 and Amarillo's3320th Retraining Groupfor convicted airmen moved to Lowry 1 July – 1 September 1967. In 1974, the Air Staff approvedLackland AFB's Special Treatment Center to transfer to the 3415th Special Training Group at Lowry AFB. In addition to Air Force personnel, the U.S. Navy also sent junior officers (ensigns and lieutenants) for initial intelligence training at Lowry, along with enlisted personnel newly graduated from boot camp for their "A" school instruction as intelligence specialists.

Construction began in 1970 for enlisted and officer billeting facilities to replaceWorld War IIvintage barracks, five 1,000-man dormitories and completed by 1974, a 187-space mobile home park. Other added facilities included a youth center, a child-care center, a chapel (in addition to the 1941 chapel), and a new Airmen's Open Mess. In 1976, theDefense Finance and Accounting Service(formerly Air Force Accounting & Finance Center) & theAir Reserve Personnel Centeropened in the Gilchrist Building (Building 444).

The AFAITC school remained at Lowry from 1963 to 1988, before moving to Goodfellow AFB, in San Angelo, Texas. US Navy intelligence training for both junior officers and enlisted personnel was shifted to the newNavy Marine Corps Intelligence Training Center(NMITC) at Dam Neck, in Virginia Beach, Virginia.

USAF School of Applied Aerospace Sciences, Lowry

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In 1972, the 3415th Technical Wing[citation needed]became theUSAF School of Applied Aerospace Sciences, Lowry.The Department of Aerospace Munitions Training continued missile training and in 1978 was redesignated the 3460th Training Group. In 1980 Lowry acquired aDavis-Monthan AFBB-52D and stabilized[specify]another B-52 for trainingALCMandSRAMloading procedures. New courses in the 1970s and 1980s included flight line and in-shop avionics maintenance courses for theF-4 Phantom II,F-111 Aardvark,A-10 Warthog,F-15 EagleandF-16 Fighting Falcon(e.g., communications, flight controls, navigation, weapons guidance, andelectronic countermeasures& warfare systems). In 1982, Lowry's 1941Eisenhower Memorial Chapel(cf.the Eisenhower Chapel atFort Knox[42]) was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. TheNational Geospatial Agency's Integrated Operations Center was in Denver and by 1983, Lowry had the Air Intelligence Officer Course[43]

LGM-118 PeacekeeperICBMtraining began at Lowry in 1985, and after Lowry became the primary training center for USAF space operations,Undergraduate Space Training's 1st graduation was in 1987. The 3301st Undergraduate Space Training unit moved to Vandenberg AFB, CA in 1991, prior to Lowry AFB closure.[44]Lowry also handled ground & armament training for several interceptor models, theA-10 Thunderbolt II,and theB-1 Lancer.

After being considered for closure in 1978 and since "Lowry lacked a runway"[7](all runways closed and all USAF flight operations terminated, July 1966),[22]Lowry AFB was designated for closure byBRAC 1991.The3400th Technical Training Winginactivated on 27 April 1994, and the base officially closed on 30 September 1994. TheNational Civilian Community Corpsused Lowry facilities from 1994 until 2004; andSpace Systems Support GroupDetachment 1 "located at the former Lowry AFB" in March 1995 moved toPeterson AFB.[45]The Bonfils Blood Center "became the first commercial tenant at Lowry" in the former commissary during September 1995, and the site development company was presented facility and real estate awards in 1997[46](asbestos was remediated from theFormerly Used Defense Site[47]of "1,866 acres" —remediation at buildings included Building 402:PCBs, 606: groundwater, & 1432: soil[2]).

Closure

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TheBuckley Annexwas the remaining military installation after the "Whole Base Transfer" of Lowry AFB in 2006,[48]the year theUSGSlisted the closed Lowry AFB in theGeographic Names Information System.[1]In 2007, the annex of 70 acres (28 ha) with DFAS & ARPC[49]was planned for closure.[46]The last remaining Air Force facility at Lowry was theAir Reserve Personnel Center,[50]whichBRAC 2005[2]moved toBuckley AFBin August 2011. The Buckley Annex' Whole Base Transfer was in 2012, and the "final stages of cleanup" of the base and annex were underway in February 2013.[48]

Most of the base is now theLowry, Denver,neighborhood with 2 hangars used for theWings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum,the former Building 1499 for theBig Bear Ice Rink,a dormitory for theLogan School for Creative Learning,[51]and base officer housing and other facilities for theStanley British Primary School.[52]A dormitory and a former medical building on the east end of the base are owned by the state as part of the Higher Education and Technology campus. The last remaining military facility at the former Lowry base was theDefense Finance and Accounting ServiceFinance Center (6760 E IrvingtonPlace), which had its own USAF Base Facility identifier in 2004 (08002D).[3]The Lowry Community Master Association (LCMA) is located at 7581 E Academy Blvd,[53]the former hangar with the name "Lowry Air Force Base" and which also has suites for Martifer Solar USA, Mor Beverage Corp, Montessori Casa International, and Extra Space Storage. Bishop Machebeuf Catholic high school is located in the Lowry neighborhood.[54]

Assignments and major units

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  • Air Corps Technical School, 27 Aug 1937
  • Air Corps Technical Training Command, 26 March 1941 (AAF Technical Training Command on 15 March 1942)
  • AAF Training Command, 31 July 1943 (Air Training Command on 1 July 1946)
  • Air Educational and Training Command, 1 June 1992 – 27 April 1994
Major units

See also

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External image
Carillon & hq structures
Missiles on Lowry

References

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  1. ^abc"Lowry Air Force Base (2089348)".Geographic Names Information System.United States Geological Survey,United States Department of the Interior.Retrieved21 September2013.(The GNIS has a 2nd set of coordinates atMcMullin Park,and it also lists the Lowry Elementary School – 2695987 at 394246N 1045347W.)
  2. ^abc"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 24 January 2013.Retrieved23 September2013.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^abhttp://www.palmcenter.org/files/active/0/CSSMM_ExplanationOfData.pdfArchived5 November 2013 at theWayback MachineUSAF "Base Facility" identifier (the facility ID for the "DFAS Center" was different: 08002D.)
  4. ^"U.S. General Accounting Office".gao.gov.Archived fromthe originalon 30 October 2020.Retrieved10 February2019.
  5. ^ab"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 28 July 2016.Retrieved11 December2018.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^abcdDenver Suburbs Multiple Property Submission(PDF)(Report). National Park Service.Beginning in 1937, the Works Progress Administration completed one of its largest projects in Colorado, with more than 1,500 workers involved in renovating the 17 existingGove and Walshdesigned sanitarium buildings for the school, constructing infrastructure on the 880-acre campus, and building runways. Four modular hangars disassembled at other posts arrived at the new installation.
  7. ^abcdShaw, Frederick J., ed. (2004).Locating Air Force Base Sites: History's Legacy.Washington DC: Air Force History and Museums Program.History of the Site Activation Task Force (Lowry)… In 1960, ATC's ranking of technical training bases was as follows: 1) Keesler, 2) Sheppard, 3) Lowry, 4) Chanute, 5) Amarillo, 6) Richards-Gebaur (base under ADC command jurisdiction), and 7) Greenville (closed in 1965).)
  8. ^abcdeManning, Thomas A. (2005) [1990s for1943–1993version].History of Air Education and Training Command: 1942-2002(PDF)(Report). Vol. A-090203-089. Office of History and Research. p. 146.OCLC71006954.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 29 October 2013.Retrieved13 September2013.…a re-organization of internal base structure. The major change was the replacement of the base unit organization with a base-wing set-up. All ATC bases were to have a wing headquarters with three subordinate groups: training, maintenance, and airdrome. However, in August 1947 this reorganization was deferred until 1948.… 1951 "Plans called for FTAF to be headquartered at Randolph andTTAFat Lowry… Lowry and Keesler developed the first general [missile] courses in 1956, and plans called for other courses to open at Chanute in 1957, Amarillo in 1958, and Sheppard in 1959.… In early 1965, ATC began making plans to close its training activities at Amarillo and…relocate 29 technical courses: 7 to Chanute, 10 to Lowry. 5 to Sheppard. and 7 to Lackland. ".OCLC29991467
  9. ^"History Lowry AFB".Archived fromthe originalon 17 August 2013.Retrieved23 September2013.
  10. ^"Buildings 363 and 364".Lowry Foundation.
  11. ^ab"Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields: Colorado: Northeastern Denver area".
  12. ^"Lindbergh Goodwill Tour Route | Pioneers of Flight".
  13. ^"Airplane Explodes, Flier Meets Death".Casper Star-Tribune.Casper, Wyoming. 11 December 1927. p. 1 – via newspapers.com.
  14. ^"Air Mail Flier Loses Life in Denver Crash".The Lincoln Star.Lincoln, Nebraska. 11 December 1927. p. 1 \via=newspapers.com.
  15. ^"CAM Contract Air Mail First Flights CAM-12".
  16. ^"Contract Air Mail Route 12".
  17. ^"Colorado Air National Guard".Archived fromthe originalon 15 April 2013.Retrieved1 January2022.
  18. ^120th Fighter Squadron#Interwar period
  19. ^"Airport Journals – Harry Combs: Spoiled for Anything Else. Born 1913" Flown West "2003".February 2004.
  20. ^"The National Aviation Hall of Fame – Combs, Harry Benjamin".Archived fromthe originalon 8 December 2017.Retrieved2 January2022.
  21. ^"History – Photo School".Lowry Foundation.Retrieved1 January2022.
  22. ^abcMueller, Robert (1989).Air Force Bases: Lowry Air Force Base(PDF)(Report). Vol. I: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. Office of Air Force History. pp. 331–337.ISBN0-912799-53-6.Retrieved15 August2013.
  23. ^CH2M Hill(February 2004).Final RCRA Facility Assessment Work Plan(PDF)(Report).Retrieved19 July2012.1941 – Northeast-Southwest runway completed; Fort Logan accepts relocation of Clerical School from Lowry; Army Air Corps Technical Training Command formed and given responsibility for Lowry Field.… 1941 –…Fort Logan accepts relocation of Clerical School from Lowry{{cite report}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)[dead link‍]
  24. ^"About Us".Archived fromthe originalon 2 December 2013.Retrieved23 November2013.
  25. ^Kurtz, Paul (25 August 1943)."Sports Stew – Served Hot".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.Retrieved11 February2013– via Google news archive.
  26. ^Craven, Wesley Frank; Cate, James Lea, eds. (1983) [1949]."Chapter 4: THE DEVELOPMENT OF BASE FACILITIES".The Army Air Forces in World War II.Washington:University of Chicago Press.ISBN1-4289-1587-7.OCLC9828710.Retrieved4 June2012.To clear Lowry for armament and photographic training expansion, the Air Corps secured Fort Logan, Colorado, and moved its clerical course there in March 1941.(Craven and Cate cite the "Hist. AC Tech. Tng., 1917 to 7 Dec. 1941, I, 94, 97." )
  27. ^Arnold, Henry H.(June 1944) [May 1944].AAF: The Official Guide to the Army Air Forces.New York: Pocket Books. p. 356.
  28. ^"Bombardier Training:…Overview".Ancestry.com. Archived fromthe original(transcribed text from various sources, including St. John)on 14 June 2012.Retrieved10 July2012.
  29. ^St. John, Philip A (15 April 1998).Bombardiers in WWII.Vol. II. Turner Publishing Company.ISBN9781563113383.Retrieved10 July2012.Fifty instructors arrived[at Barksdale]from the first three classes at Lowry Field, in February 1941.(from Volume I –cited by ancestry.com)Archived19 April 2012 at theWayback Machine
  30. ^Futrell, Robert Frank (July 1947). Development of AAF Base Facilities in the United States: 1939–1945 (Report). Vol. ARS-69: US Air Force Historical Study No 69 (Copy No. 2). Air Historical Office.In January 1939 the new air base at Denver, Lowry Field, was being built.16[p. 5]…In May 1941, for example, Lowry Field received funds to build an airfield – later called Buckley Field – on the bombing range near Denver.170[p. 60 (pdf 69)]... In December 1942 a contract was executed with Yale University whereby the university lead facilities for the training of the communications, engineering, armament and photography aviation cadets. These detachments were transferred from Scott, Chanute, and Lowry Fields in January 1943.137[p. 114 (pdf 123)]... In September[1944]three other fields – Lowry,Randolph,andRoswell– were selected for expansion, including a lengthening of runways, a widening of taxiways, increased maintenance apron space, and a few additional hangars.28(pdf p. 179)
  31. ^Inventory Project Report: Findings of Fact (Lowry AFB, A. F. Facility 5-1, Complex 1A(Report). Archived fromthe originalon 5 December 2013.(The webpage's 'Site Survey Summary Sheet' cites theSummary of LAFB Activities since 1937, Lowry Area History 29 September 1958 to 16 December 1961.)
  32. ^"AFHRA:The USAF and Humanitarian Airlift Operations 1947–1994"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 22 July 2011.
  33. ^Schlupp, Capt John A. (25 August 1949),[memorandum] for Project Blue Book,Two (2) cys Itr, Det A 39030[sic] Radar Bomb Scoring Sq, Lowry AF Base, 25 Aug 49
  34. ^https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8NInAAAAIBAJ&pg=3383%2C4006619.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  35. ^"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 6 February 2015.Retrieved23 September2013.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  36. ^Preface byBuss, L. H. (Director) (1 October 1958). North American Air Defense Command Historical Summary: January–June 1958 (Report). Directorate of Command History: Office of Information Services.p. 110 ( "Location of NORAD" chapter) "USAF concluded that the best location tor NORAD was Lowry AFB, Denver, Colorado (which would have quarters vacant because of the move of the Air Force Academy from Lowry to its permanent campus near Colorado Springs).… NORAD made a preliminary reply to the JCS on 31 July. NORAD recommended that the headquarters complex be located in the Colorado Springs area, with either the Air Force Academy site or Fort Carson preferred as the location." (cf.the nuclear bunker candidates for the command post at the nearbyBlodgett PeakorCheyenne Mountain.)
  37. ^703/451 SMW operational history USAFHRA September 1958 – June 1965
  38. ^"Mace and Matador Missile Instructors".mace-b.com.
  39. ^"Matador and Mace Tactical Missile Veterans"(military newsgroup).14 June 2010.Retrieved18 March2013.Dennis Schneider Wed, 8 February 2012 2:01 PM I was assigned to the Tactical Missile School at Lowry AFB…in Jan 1962. Upon graduation in June…I received orders assigning us to instructor duty in that very school, which was located in the Black Hangar… at Lowry…from Jan 1962 – Dec 1963…I tought [sic]…in the TAC Missile Maintenance training program.(message 1060)
  40. ^http://f1.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/8AX5TKRbNhUkEZZ8uNiBC2tSnd9tZKfJXWw0p7E1tYc2J8T5Zi_-oLdFNZM72nd_qkFSr4tI4lKapkrvC4jUIpHtdS86sb-JTw/Titan%20I%20Disposal%20List.xls[permanent dead link‍]Titan 1 Missiles Serial Numbers and Disposition including Lowry Missiles
  41. ^Neufeld, J. (1990). The development of ballistic missiles in the United States Air Force, 1945–1960 (Report). Office of Air Force History.ISBN0-912799-62-5.
  42. ^"Eisenhower Chapel (509508)".Geographic Names Information System.United States Geological Survey,United States Department of the Interior.Retrieved21 September2013.
  43. ^https://www.fas.org/irp/eprint/aedf.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  44. ^Capt Paul J. England, USAF, serving with the 3301st at the time it moved.
  45. ^"title tbd".The Guardian.Peterson AFB: contractor for Air Base Wing public affairs: 9. March 1995.
  46. ^ab"History of Redevelopment | Lowry".Archived fromthe originalon 5 November 2013.Retrieved23 September2013.
  47. ^Huff, Mickey; Censored, Project (4 October 2011).Censored 2012: The Top 25 Censored Stories of 2010-11.Seven Stories Press.ISBN9781609803582– via Google Books.
  48. ^ab"Former Lowry Air Force Base, Colo"(fact sheet). Air Force Civil Engineer Public Affairs. 6 February 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 17 February 2013.Retrieved22 September2013.AFCEC has invested $84 million on BRAC cleanup actions at the former installation, and the final stages of cleanup are underway.
  49. ^"- Lowry Redevelopment Authority".Archived fromthe originalon 19 September 2013.Retrieved23 September2013.
  50. ^Air Reserve Personnel CenterOfficial Site
  51. ^"The Logan School for Creative Learning".www.theloganschool.org.
  52. ^"Community College of Aurora".Community College of Aurora.Retrieved9 April2007.
  53. ^http://www.lowry.orgLowry Community Master Association
  54. ^"7581 E Academy Blvd, Denver, CO – Google Search".google.com.
  55. ^"AFHRA:Air Force Combat Units of WWII"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 22 July 2011.
  56. ^[full citation needed]This article incorporatespublic domain materialfrom theAir Force Historical Research Agency

39°43′12″N104°53′27″W/ 39.7199°N 104.8907°W/39.7199; -104.8907(Lowry Air Force Base (historical))

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