Macross(マクロス,Makurosu)is a Japanesescience fictionmechaanimemedia franchise/media mix,created byStudio Nue(most prominently mecha designer, writer and producerShōji Kawamori) andArtlandin 1982. The franchise features a fictional history of Earth and the human race after the year 1999, as well as the history of humanoid civilization in theMilky Way.It consists of four TV series, four movies, sixOVAs,onelight novel,and fivemangaseries, all sponsored byBig West,in addition to 40video games set in theMacrossuniverse,twocrossover games,and a wide variety of physical merchandise.
| Macross | |
|---|---|
 The originalSuper Dimension Fortress Macrossseries logo | |
| Created by | Studio Nue Artland Shōji Kawamori |
| Original work | Super Dimension Fortress Macross |
| Owners | Studio Nue Big West |
| Print publications | |
| Book(s) | Macross The Ride |
| Films and television | |
| Film(s) |
|
| Animated series | |
| Games | |
| Video game(s) | |
| Miscellaneous | |
| OVA |
|
Within the series, the termMacrossis used to denote the maincapital ship.This theme began in the originalMacross,Super Dimension Fortress Macross.
"Overtechnology" refers to the scientific advances discovered in an alien starship ASS-1 (Alien Star Ship - Onelater renamedSuper Dimension Fortress - One Macross) that crashed onSouth Atariaisland. Humans were able to reverse engineer the technology to create themecha(variable fightersand destroids),faster-than-lightspace folddrive for starships and other advanced technologies that the series features.
Title
editThe series title comes from the name of the main human spacecraft (which is usually shortened fromSuper Dimension Fortress Macrossto "SDF-1" orThe Macrossas it is the first). The original name for theMacrossproject wasBattle City Megarōdo(orBattle City Megaroad,as the Japanese transliteration to either "L" or "R" gives the title a double meaning in reference to the story line:Megaload,referring to the spacecraft containing an entire city of people; andMegaroad,referring to the long journey through space back to Earth); however, one of the sponsors of the project, Big West Advertising, was a fan of Shakespeare and wanted the series and the spacecraft to be namedMacbeth(マクベス,Makubesu).A compromise was made with the titleMacross(マクロス,Makurosu)due to its similar pronunciation toMacbethin Japanese and because it still contained connotations to the original title. The wordMacrosscomes from a wordplay combination of the prefix "macro" in reference to its massive size in comparison to human vehicles (though when compared with the alien ships in the series, it is a relatively small gun destroyer) and the distance they must cross.[1]
Themes
editThe following are themes commonly seen and established among the various series in theMacrossfranchise.
U.N. Spacy
edit
The U.N. Spacy(Thống hợp vũ trụ quân,Tōgō Uchūgun)is a fictional space military arm of theEarthUnified Government(Địa cầu thống hợp chính phủ,Chikyū Tōgō Seifu).It was established by the successor to the modernUnited Nationsin order to defend Earth from a possible attack by hostilealiens,and was involved in Space War I against an extraterrestrial race called theZentradi.Later operations of the U.N. Spacy expanded into interstellarcolonizationand generalpeacekeepingof off-world Earth settlements.
The term "Spacy" is a portmanteau of the termsSpaceandArmyorNavy.Some Japanese sources also use the termSpace Armyand some English-language sources use the termSpace Navy,suggesting that the term is a contraction.
Variable fighters
editThevalkyriefighter is one of a series of transformable aerospacefighters,primarily designed by franchise creatorShōji KawamoriandKazutaka Miyatake.They are generally able to transform into jet/space fighters, Battroid (a humanoid robot) and a hybrid of the two modes, called Gerwalk (Ground Effective Reinforcement of Winged Armament with Locomotive Knee-joint). The VF-1 was specifically named "Valkyrie", but all of the jet fighter craft have generically been referred to as such in the series since then.
Music
editMusic is integral part to almost everyMacrosstitle by having significances in a series' antagonists behavior towards it. Music idols also play a central role to variousMacrossstories. Often, the protagonist will be involved in a love triangle with a series' music idol; most notably,Lynn Minmay.
Space fold
editSpace folding permits nearly-instantaneous ultra-long distance travel: a space-fold transports a spacecraft in a very short amount of time by first swapping the location of the spacecraft withsuper dimensionspace or subspace, and then swapping theSuper Dimensionspace with the space at the destination.
According to U.N. Spacy First Lieutenant Hayase Misa during Space War I (2009–2012) an hour passes in super dimension space as approximately ten days passes in normal space. One of the latestMacrossTV series,Macross Frontier,further expands on that concept by introducing fold faults or dislocations, which further retard fold travel and interfere with fold communications. Also explained inMacross Frontierare the limitations of space folding, such as the geometric increase in energy requirement with the mass of the object to be folded, which prevents very large objects from being folded with ease across vast distances.
The act of enteringSuper Dimensionspace is called "fold in". When arriving at the destination, the act of leavingSuper Dimensionspace is called a "defold" or a "fold out".
Ancient astronauts
editThe metaplot of the franchise is centered on a purportedly extinct humanoid alien race called the Protoculture(プロトカルチャー,Purotokaruchā).It was first conceptualized during the pre-production ofThe Super Dimension Fortress Macrosswhen the creators were researching cultural studies to develop concepts used in the plot.
According to official sources, the Protoculture was thefirst advanced humanoid racein the universe—advanced Protoculture civilization started 500,000 years ago—and is the creator of theZentradiandhomo sapiens.Phases of colonization resulted in the establishment of an "Interstellar Republic", (similar to agalactic empire) which covers much of theMilky Waygalaxy 2800 years after Protoculture civilization started (498,000 years ago).
A civil war happened sixty years later, resulting in a split in the Republic. One of the factions' created "super-Zentradi" forces, which was later possessed by interdimensional beings—these forces are later called the "Protodeviln", which feeds onlife energyof both Protoculture and Zentradi; some of both the Protoculture and Zentradi was later brainwashed into the "Supervision Army".
The Supervision Army continued to battle both the Protoculture and Zentradi, which resulted in the dwindling of Protoculture population; they revoked the prime directive that banned Zentradi to attack the Supervision Army. This, however, made the war even more intense, and the Protoculture population sharply decreased; to avoid extinction, they seeded uninhabited planets by means ofpantropyand avoided any conflict as much as possible. This action included the genetic engineering ofhomo sapienson Earth by combining Protoculture genes with native genes; a "sub-Protoculture" race meant for preparing the Earth for a future Protoculture colonization. The genetic engineering crew, however, was immediately destroyed by anti-Interstellar Republic military ships.
The final blow of the war happened because of the Protoculture lost control of the Zentradi; 475,000 years ago, the Protoculture was believed extinct. However it was discovered that 10,000 years ago, the Protoculture remnants made contact with humans in "Mayan Island", genetically re-engineering the native inhabitants to utilize the artifacts left by them. This included the "Bird Human" bio-mecha, tasked to destroy humanity if they are still in war.
Other elements
editThe franchise also explores minor themes includingculture shock,capitalism,coming of ageandnostalgia.
The new era following the end of Space War I is part of the ongoing fictional time-line of theMacrossfranchise. The most recent series,Macross Delta,is set 59 years after the start of the war with the Zentradi. Its main plot is about the spread of a rage virus on a star system and the combined efforts of singing idols and valkyrie fighters to stop it spreading.
Along withGundam,areal robotmechaseries of whichShoji Kawamoriis a fan,Macrossexplored how individuals cope with warfare. WhereasGundamis far more political and direct on the horrors of war, eachMacrosstelevision series is unique for never depicting the antagonists as inherently evil and proved in the end that love, culture, and music can be used to resolve their conflicts.
Series chronology
editSeveral sequel series and one prequel have followed. Most use a chronology created by the Studio Nue creators, and those that followed their own chronologies were regarded as "parallel storylines" by the studio. Several different studios were involved with Studio Nue in theMacrossfranchise along the years, but since 2002'sMacross Zero,production has been handled exclusively between Nue andSatelight,from which Shōji Kawamori is one of the main key members. The main ofMacrossproduction consists of (in chronological release order):
| Release dates | Episodes | Work | Title (original) | Chronology |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1982/10 to 1983/06 |
36 | TV series | Super Dimension Fortress Macross[2] Original work adapted by Harmony Gold to becomeRobotech: The Macross Sagain 1985.[3] |
2009–2012 |
| 1984/07 | — | Movie | Super Dimension Fortress Macross: Do You Remember Love?[4] Alternate telling of the events inThe Super Dimension Fortress Macross,specifically episodes 2 through 27. |
2009–2012 / 2031 (story within a storyinMacross 7) |
| 1987/06 | 1 | OVA | Super Dimension Fortress Macross: Flash Back 2012[5] Epilogue of the 1984 movie, segments were added in the movie's definitive "Perfect Edition". |
2012 |
| 1992/05 to 1992/11 |
6 | OVA series | Super Dimensional Fortress Macross II: Lovers Again[6] "Macross 10th Anniversary" Sequel to the 1982 TV series, created without Studio Nue. |
2092[7] "parallel" world alternate continuity |
| 1994/08 to 1995/06 |
4 | OVA series | Macross Plus[8] Sequel to the 1982 TV series, created by Studio Nue. A side-story. |
2040 |
| 1995/03 to 1995/07 |
4 | OVA series | Macross Plus: International Version[8] Alternative version of the OVA with English cast and songs. |
2040 |
| 1994/10 to 1995/09 |
49 | TV series | Macross 7[9] Sequel toMacross Plus.First of the sequels to touch upon the metaplot. Features a new cast of characters, and only three returning characters from the original 1982 TV series. |
2045-46 |
| 1994/10 to 2001/05 |
8 volumes | Manga series | Macross 7: Trash Comic side-story first serialized inShōnen Acemagazine then released as volumes. |
2046 |
| 1995/09 | — | Movie | Macross Plus: Movie Edition[8] Alternative movie version of the OVA, with different editing and additional scenes. |
2040 |
| 1995/09 | — | Movie | Macross 7 The Movie: The Galaxy Is Calling Me![10] | 2046 |
| 1995/12 | 3 | OVA | Macross 7: Encore[9] Three sequel episodes to the 1994 TV series. |
2046 |
| 1997/12 to 1998/08 |
4 | OVA series | Macross Dynamite 7[11] "Macross 15th Anniversary" Sequel to the 1994 TV series. |
2047 |
| 2002/12 to 2004/10 |
5 | OVA series | Macross Zero[12] "Macross 20th Anniversary" Prequel to the original 1982 TV series. |
2008 |
| 2007/12 | — | Manga series | Macross Frontier Manga Sequel to the 1994 TV series. Comic format telling of the events inMacross Frontierfirst serialized inShōnen Acemagazine. |
2059 |
| 2007/12 | 1 | TV series pilot | Macross Frontier(Deculture Edition) "Macross 25th Anniversary" Pilot episode for the sequel to the 1994 TV series. |
2059 |
| 2008/04 to 2008/09 |
25 | TV series | Macross Frontier[13] "Macross 25th Anniversary" Sequel to the 1994 TV series. |
2059 |
| 2009–present | — | Manga series | Macross: The First[14][15] Comic format alternate telling of the events inThe Super Dimension Fortress Macrossserialized inMacross Acemagazine and actuallyNewtype Ace. |
2009–2012 |
| 2009/11/21 | — | Movie | Macross FrontierThe Movie:The False Songstress Theatrical movie adaptation of the 2008 TV series. |
2059 |
| 2010/12 to 2011/11 |
12 | Novels | Macross The Ride[16] Prequel to the 2008 TV series. |
2058 |
| 2011/02/26 | — | Movie | Macross FrontierMovie:The Wings of Farewell Sequel to the 2009 theatrical movie, a continuing adaptation of the 2008 TV series. |
2059 |
| 2012/10/3-8 | — | Musical | Macross The Musicalture 30th anniversaryTokyo Domelive music show. |
2062 |
| 2012/10/20 | — | Movie | Macross FB 7: Ore no Uta o Kike! "Macross Dynamite 7 15th Anniversary" Adaptation ofMacross 7from the perspective ofMacross Frontiercharacters. |
2059 |
| 2013/02/28 | — | Video Game | Macross 30: Voices across the Galaxy "Macross 30th Anniversary" Video game sequel toMacross Frontier. |
2060 |
| 2016/04 to 2016/09 |
26 | TV series | Macross Delta TV sequel to bothMacross 30andMacross Frontier. |
2067 |
| 2018/02/09 | — | Movie | Macross Delta the Movie: Passionate Walküre Compilation movie ofMacross Delta,with some changes. |
2067 |
| 2021/08/08 | — | Movie | Macross Delta the Movie: Absolute Live!!!!!! Sequel toMacross Delta: Passionate Walküre. |
2067 |
A feature film, subtitledDo You Remember Love?( ái ・おぼえていますかAi Oboete Imasu ka), was released in 1984, with a condensed version of the storyline and cutting-edge animation. This movie was later described as a "historical drama" movie within theMacrossuniverse (similar to World War II films in the real world). InMacross PlusandMacross 7,it is revealed that there was a movie produced afterSpace War I(the original Earth-Zentradi conflict). Kawamori described the relation between the two depictions of Space War I: "The real Macross is out there, somewhere. If I tell the story in the length of a TV series, it looks one way, and if I tell it as a movie-length story, it's organized another way."[17](An edited, English-dubbed version of the feature was also released to video asClash of the Bionoids.)
Macross II,the only animated project without Studio Nue's direct involvement, was declared by Studio Nue to be a parallel-world story.
In March 2007, Studio Victor placed a casting call for a voice actress to play the heroineRanka Lee,[18]in a then untitled newMacrossseries.[19]Eighteen-year-old Megumi Nakajima selected in the nationwide singing and acting audition for the role of Ranka Lee in Japan. The project was given the tentative title ofMacross 25.Later, as part of the 25th anniversary concert, a trailer was shown that revealed the new tentative title ofMacross F (Frontier).During the concert,Kawamori Shojimentioned that the timeframe ofMacross Frontierwas about 2070 AD. Kawamori also announced thatYoko Kannowould be the music co-composer of the newMacrossseries. According toNewtypemagazine, this new series were supposed to take place in a school. The pilot episode aired on December 23, 2007. The new series were finally set in the year 2059 AD and took place in a new Macross Colony Fleet called "Macross Frontier". The new show was produced bySatelightand its episodes began their regular broadcast on April 4, 2008, inMBSchannel of Japan. The final episode aired on September 25, 2008, what brought the series to a total of 25 episodes. AMacross Frontier Movie Editionwas announced just after the ending of the new TV animated series.[20]
The Kanto area rerun of theMacross Frontieranime television series during early 2014 in Japan ended with a teaser announcement that a newMacrossTV series is in the works,[21]and later in the year was tentatively titledMacross Δ (Delta).Just like forMacross Frontier,a casting call was held for the series' main singer who also became part of the cast.[22]The winner of the contest as well of the rest of the cast and characters were revealed in a special event held on October 29, 2015.[23][24]A newMacrossanime television series was to premiere in 2018, but still hasn't released (as of September 2024).[25]A newMacrossseries was announced in 2023 to be animated byBandai Namco Filmworks.[26]It is unknown if this is the previously announced 2018 anime or if this is a completely new project.
Macrossfictional chronology
editSeveral sequel series and prequels have followed inMacross.The mainMacrossproductions consists of (in fictional chronological timeline order):
| Time period | Title (original) | Work | Release Dates | Episodes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | Super Dimension Fortress Macross(Prologue only) Original work adapted by Harmony Gold to becomeRobotech: The Macross Sagain 1985. |
TV series | 1982/10 to 1983/6 | 36 |
| 2002–2010 | Misa Hayase: White Reminiscences | Novels | 1984/2 | — |
| 2008 | Macross Zero Original Macross origin story |
OVA series | 2002/12 to 2004/10 | 5 |
| 2009 | Dreaming Prelude: My Fair Minmay | Novels | 1983/4 | — |
| 2009–2012 | Super Dimension Fortress Macross Original work adapted by Harmony Gold to becomeRobotech: The Macross Sagain 1985. |
TV series | 1982/10 to 1983/6 | 36 |
| 2009–2012 | Macross: The First Comic format alternate telling of the events inSuper Dimension Fortress Macrossserialized inMacross Acemagazine and actuallyNewtype Ace. |
Manga | 2009/2 – Ongoing | — |
| 2010 | Macross Inside Story: Macross Classic | Audio drama | 1996/8 | 4 |
| 2012, 2031 (story within a story) |
Super Dimension Fortress Macross: Do You Remember Love? Alternate telling of the events inThe Super Dimension Fortress Macross,specifically episodes 2 through 27. Canon in-universe as a fictional movie. |
Movie | 1984/7 | — |
| 2012 | Super Dimension Fortress Macross: Flash Back 2012 Epilogue of theMacross: Do You Remember Love?,segments were added in the movie's definitive "Perfect Edition". |
OVA | 1987/6 | — |
| 2014–2030 | Macross M3 | Video game | 2001/2 | — |
| 2040 | Macross Plus OriginalMacrosssequel OVA created by Studio Nue. A side-story. |
OVA series | 1994/8 to 1995/9 | 5 |
| 2043 | Macross: True Love Song | Video game | 2000/3 | — |
| 2045 | Macross 7 Docking Festival: Singing Saves the Galaxy!? | Audio drama | 1995/3 | — |
| 2045–2046 | Macross 7 TV series sequel toThe Super Dimension Fortress Macross.First of the sequels to touch upon the metaplot. Features a new cast of characters, and only three returning characters from the original series. |
TV series | 1994/10 to 1995/9 | 49 |
| 2046 | Macross 7: Trash | Manga | 1995/5 to 2001/7 | 8 volumes |
| 2046 | Macross 7 The Movie: The Galaxy Is Calling Me! | Movie | 1995/9 | — |
| 2046 | Macross 7: Encore OVA series sequel toMacross 7 |
OVA series | 1995/12 to 1996/2 | 3 |
| 2046 | Macross Generation | Audio drama | 1997/4 | 10 |
| 2047 | Macross Digital Mission VF-X | Video game | 1997/2 | — |
| 2047 | Macross Dynamite 7 Macross 7OVA sequel |
OVA series | 1997/12 to 1998/8 | 4 |
| 2050 | Macross VF-X2 | Video game | 1999/9 | — |
| 2058 | Macross The Ride | Novels | 2010/12 to 2011/11 | 12 |
| 2059 | Macross Frontier | TV series | 2008/4 to 2008/9 | 25 |
| 2059 | Super Dimension Song Maiden Ranka | Manga | 2008/10 | 1 volume |
| 2059 | Macross Frontier The Movie: The False Songstress Macross Frontiertheatrical movie adaptation. |
Movie | 2009/11 | — |
| 2059 | Sheryl: Kiss in the Galaxy | Manga | 2010/9 to 2012/10 | 4 volumes |
| 2059 | Macross Frontier the Movie: The Wings of Farewell Macross Frontiertheatrical movie adaptation and sequel toThe False Songstress. |
Movie | 2011/2 | — |
| 2059 | Macross Frontier: Hold Me Tightly to the Edge of the Galaxy | Manga | 2012/9 | 1 volume |
| 2059 | Macross FB 7: Ore no Uta o Kike! Macross 7&Macross Frontiercrossover special. |
Movie | 2012/10 | — |
| 2059 | Macross Fortissimo | Manga | 2013/3 | 1 volume |
| 2060 | Macross 30: Voices across the Galaxy | Video game | 2013/2 | — |
| 2062 | Macross The Musicalture Macross30th anniversary live music show. |
Musical | 2012/10 | — |
| 2067 | Macross Delta TV sequel to bothMacross 30andMacross Frontier. |
TV series | 2016/04 to 2016/09 | 26 |
| 2067 | Macross Delta the Movie: Passionate Walküre Compilation movie ofMacross Delta,with some changes. |
Movie | 2018/02/09 | — |
| 2067 | Macross Delta the Movie: Absolute Live!!!!!! Sequel toMacross Delta: Passionate Walküre. |
Movie | 2021/08/08 | — |
| 2092 | Macross II OriginalMacrosssequel OVA created without Studio Nue and considered an alternate universe by them. |
OVA series | 1992/5 to 1992/11 | 6 |
Video games
editMacrossvideo games are based on its universe, sometimes expanding it with original characters and sidestories; latest games often include newly created anime footage, and all of them were exclusively released in Japan;[27]except a Takatoku Toys handheld electronic game distributed by Incoming Trading, a Banpresto arcade game licensed by Fabtek, and a Bandai Visual PlayStation game whose debuted North American localization was eventually cancelled probably due to copyrights issues involving Harmony Gold.[28]
See thelist ofMacrossvideo gamesfor all the official and crossover releases from the 1980s up to the 2010s.
Legal complications with international distribution
editHarmony Goldpurchased the international distribution rights for theMacrossseries and between 1999 and 2003 filed trademarks on the distribution ofMacrossmerchandise and media outside of Japan.[28]Harmony Gold's international distribution rights are under dispute however as they bought the rights from the Japanese company, Tatsunoko Production, which in a court ruling against companies, Studio Nue and Big West, was ruled to have only the rights to the international distribution ofThe Super Dimension Fortress Macrossand no legal claim to the rest of the franchise; those belonging to the latter companies.[29][30][31][28]Harmony Gold claims that the case does not apply to them since it occurred in Japan and does not apply to the international distribution rights.[32]Harmony Gold continued to re-affirm their claim to the international distribution through cease and desist letters,[33][34]resulting in laterMacrossseries not being distributed outside of Japan.[29][28]
On March 1, 2021, Big West, Studio Nue, and Harmony Gold came to an agreement. Harmony Gold would no longer hinder Big West's distribution ofMacrossproperties outside Japan and Harmony Gold would be allowed to release their upcomingRobotechfilm in Japan.[35]
On March 18, 2024, Macross would be available viaDisney+for streaming worldwide (via theStarhub), with the exception of both theSuper Dimension Fortress MacrossandDo You Remember Love?that was currently available in Japan.[36][37][38]
Legacy
editMacrosswas the basis for theRobotechfranchise in North America.Super Dimension Fortress Macrosswas adapted into the first saga of theRobotechtelevision series(1985–1986), calledThe Macross Saga,which spawned theRobotechfranchise.Robotechwas influential in the Western world, helping to introduce theanimemedium to North America.[39]
Macrosspopularized the concept of transformingmecha,which can transform between a standard vehicle (such as a fighter plane or transport truck) and a fighting mecha robot.Shōji Kawamoriintroduced the concept withDiaclonein 1980 and then popularized it withMacross.Kawamori then went on to design transforming mecha forTransformers(1986). The transforming mecha concept became popular in the mid-1980s, withMacross: Do You Remember Love?(1984) andZeta Gundam(1985) in Japan, and withRobotechandTransformersin the West.Transformerswent on to influence theHollywood movieindustry.[39][40]
In contrast to earliermecha animewhich focused on combatants,Macrossportrayed mecha conflict from the perspective of non-combatant civilians, such as the singerLynn Minmay.[39]Voiced byMari Iijima,Minmay was the first fictional idol singer to garner major real-world success, with the theme song "Do You Remember Love?" (from the filmMacross: Do You Remember Love?) reaching number seven on theOriconmusic charts in Japan.[41]This was later further explored inMacross Pluswith thevirtual idolSharon Apple,anartificial intelligence(AI)computer programwho takes the form of an intergalacticpop star,[42]and inMacross 7with thevirtual bandFire Bomberwho became a commercial success and spawned multiple CDs released in Japan.[43]Macrossset the template for later virtual idols in the early 21st century, such asHatsune MikuandKizuna Ai.[41][42]
Another innovative character concept inMacrosswas the role ofMisa HayaseinSuper Dimension Fortress Macross,who was one of the main commanders of the Macross battleship. She was the boss and commanding officer of the fighter pilot protagonistHikaru Ichijyo,and later his love interest. This was a scenario Kawamori came up with which he had not seen in any Hollywood movies before. A similar scenario, however, later appeared in the Hollywood movieTop Gun(1986). According to Kawamori, "Many people pointed out that later films likeTop Guncopied that idea and setting, as well as including the combination of many songs and fighters too. "[39]
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