Wikipedia

Magdeburg

This article is about the German city. For other uses, seeMagdeburg (disambiguation).

Magdeburg(German:[ˈmakdəbʊʁk]ⓘ;Low German:[ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐ̯x]) is thecapitalof theGermanstateSaxony-Anhalt.The city is situated at theElberiver.[3]

Magdeburg
Meideborg(Low German)
City
Town Hall
Green Citadel
Magdeburg Cathedral at night
Panorama
From top, left to right:
Aerial view to a part of the city centre – Town Hall – "Green Citadel" –"Millennium Tower"–Magdeburg Cathedralat night – and panorama: city wall
Flag of Magdeburg
Flag
Coat of arms of Magdeburg
Coat of arms
Location of Magdeburg
Map
Magdeburg is located in Germany
Magdeburg
Magdeburg
Magdeburg is located in Saxony-Anhalt
Magdeburg
Magdeburg
Coordinates:52°07′54″N11°38′21″E/ 52.13167°N 11.63917°E/52.13167; 11.63917
CountryGermany
StateSaxony-Anhalt
DistrictUrban district
Subdivisions40 boroughs
Government
•Mayor(2022–29)Simone Borris[de][1](Ind.)
Area
• Total201.03 km2(77.62 sq mi)
Elevation
43 m (141 ft)
Population
(2022-12-31)[2]
• Total239,364
• Density1,200/km2(3,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+02:00(CEST)
Postal codes
39104–39130
Dialling codes0391
Vehicle registrationMD
Websitemagdeburg.de

Otto I,the firstHoly Roman Emperorand founder of theArchdioceseof Magdeburg, was buried in the city'scathedralafter his death.[3]Magdeburg's version ofGerman town law,known asMagdeburg rights,spread throughoutCentraland Eastern Europe. In theLate Middle Ages,Magdeburg was one of the largest and most prosperous German cities and a notable member of theHanseatic League.One of the most notable people from the city isOtto von Guericke,famous for his experiments with theMagdeburg hemispheres.

Magdeburg has experienced three major devastations in its history. In 1207 the first catastrophe struck the city, with a fire burning down large parts of the city, including theOttonian cathedral.[4]TheCatholic Leaguesacked Magdeburgin 1631,[3]resulting in the death of 25,000 non-combatants, the largest loss of theThirty Years' War.DuringWorld War IItheAlliesbombed the city in 1945 and destroyed much of the city centre. Today, around 46% of the city consists of buildings from before 1950.[5]

After World War II, the city belonged to theGerman Democratic Republicfrom 1949 to 1990. Since then, many new construction projects have been implemented and old buildings have been restored.[6]Magdeburg celebrated its 1,200th anniversary in 2005.

Magdeburg is situated onAutobahn 2andAutobahn 14,and hence is at the connection point ofEastern Europe(Berlinand beyond) withWestern Europe,as well as the north and south of Germany. For the modern city, the most significant industries are:machine industry,healthcare industry,mechanical engineering,environmental technology,circular economy,logistics,culture industry,wood industryandinformation and communications technology.[7][8]

There are numerouscultural institutionsin the city, including theTheater Magdeburgand theMuseum of Cultural History.The city is also the location of twouniversities,theOtto von Guericke University Magdeburgand theMagdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences.[9]

History

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For a chronological guide, seeTimeline of Magdeburg.

Early years

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EmperorOtto Iand his wife Edith arrive near Magdeburg (Hugo Vogel 1898, Ständehaus Merseburg)

Founded byCharlemagnein 805 as Magadoburg (probably fromOld High Germanmagadoforbig,mightyandburgforfortress[10]), the town was fortified in 919 by KingHenry the Fowleragainst theMagyarsandSlavs.In 929 KingOtto Igranted the city to his English-born wifeEdithasdower.Queen Edith loved the town and often resided there;[11]at her death she was buried in the crypt of theBenedictineabbey ofSaint Maurice,later rebuilt as the cathedral. In 937, Magdeburg was the seat of a royal assembly. Otto I repeatedly visited Magdeburg, establishing a convent here about 937[3]and was later buried in the cathedral. He granted the abbey the right to income from varioustithesand tocorvéelabour from the surrounding countryside.

TheArchbishopric of Magdeburgwas founded in 968[3]at thesynodofRavenna;Adalbert of Magdeburgwas consecrated as its first archbishop. The archbishopric under Adalbert included the bishoprics ofHavelberg,Brandenburg,Merseburg,MeissenandNaumburg-Zeitz.The archbishops played a prominent role in theGerman colonisationof the Slavic lands east of theElberiver.

In 1035 Magdeburg received a patent giving the city the right to hold trade exhibitions and conventions. This formed the basis ofGerman town lawto become known as theMagdeburg rights.These laws were adopted and modified throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Visitors from many countries began to trade with Magdeburg. The town was burnt down in 1188.[3]

In the 13th century, Magdeburg became a member of theHanseatic League.With more than 20,000 inhabitants Magdeburg was one of the largest cities in theHoly Roman Empire.The town had active maritime commerce on the west (towardsFlanders), with the countries of theNorth Sea,and maintained traffic and communication with the interior (for exampleBraunschweig).[11]

Reformation

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Further information:Sack of Magdeburg,Otto von Guericke,andMagdeburg hemispheres
Gaspar Schott's sketch ofOtto von Guericke'sMagdeburg hemispheresexperiment

The citizens constantly struggled against the archbishop, becoming nearly independent from him by the end of the 15th century. Around Easter 1497, the then twelve-year-oldMartin Lutherattended school in Magdeburg, where he was exposed to the teachings of theBrethren of the Common Life.In 1524, he was called to Magdeburg, where he preached and caused the city's defection fromRoman Catholicism.TheProtestant Reformationhad quickly found adherents in the city, where Luther had been a schoolboy. EmperorCharles Vrepeatedly outlawed the unruly town, which had joined theLeague of Torgauand theSchmalkaldic League.[11]

As it had not accepted theAugsburg Interimdecree (1548), the city, by the emperor's commands, was besieged (1550–1551) byMaurice, Elector of Saxony,but it retained its independence. The rule of the archbishop was replaced by that of various administrators belonging to Protestant dynasties. In the following years, Magdeburg gained a reputation as a stronghold of Protestantism and became the first major city to publish the writings ofMartin Luther.In Magdeburg,Matthias Flaciusand his companions wrote their anti-Catholic pamphlets and theMagdeburg Centuries,in which they argued that theRoman Catholic Churchhad become the kingdom of theAntichrist.[11]

In 1629 the city withstood its first siege during theThirty Years' War,byAlbrecht von Wallenstein,a Protestant convert to Catholicism. However, in 1631,imperialtroops underJohann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly,stormed the city and massacred the inhabitants,killing about 20,000 and burning the city.[12]

After the war, a population of only 4,000 remained. Under thePeace of Westphalia(1648), Magdeburg was to be assigned toBrandenburg-Prussiaafter the death of the administratorAugust of Saxe-Weissenfels,as the semi-autonomousDuchy of Magdeburg.This occurred in 1680.[13][14][15]

The city made an astonishingly quick recovery, due especially to the energy and dedication of its mayorOtto von Guericke,who was also a noted scientist. Just six years after the end of the terribly destructive war, Magdeburg was the scene of the famous scientific experiment known as TheMagdeburg hemispheresby which the existence ofvacuum- hithertohotly debated- was empirically proven, with enormous implications for the later developments of physics.[16]

19th century

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In the course of theNapoleonic Wars,the fortress surrendered toFrenchtroops in 1806. The city was annexed to the French-controlledKingdom of Westphaliain the 1807Treaty of Tilsit.KingJérômeappointed Count Heinrichvon Blumenthalas mayor. In 1815, after the Napoleonic Wars, Magdeburg was made the capital of the newPrussianProvince of Saxony.

20th century

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In 1912, the old fortress was dismantled, and in 1908, the municipalityRothenseebecame part of Magdeburg.[17]

DuringWorld War I,Polish leaderJózef Piłsudskiand his close associateKazimierz Sosnkowskiwere imprisoned in the city by Germany in 1917–1918.[18]

During theWeimar RepublictheMagdeburger Tageszeitungwas published as a local newspaper in Magdeburg.

DuringWorld War II,Magdeburg was the location of 30forced labourdetachments of theStalag XI-Aprisoner-of-war campfor some 4,500AlliedPOWs,[19]a camp forSintiandRomani people(see alsoRomani Holocaust),[20]and threesubcampsof theBuchenwald concentration camp,in which mostly Jewish men and boys and Soviet,Polishand Jewish women were imprisoned.[21][22][23][24]In April 1945, dozens of prisoners were massacred by theVolkssturmandHitler Youth,and surviving prisoners were sent ondeath marchestowards theRavensbrückandSachsenhausenconcentration camps.[21]

Magdeburg was heavily bombed by British and American air forces during the Second World War. The RAF bombing raid on the night of 16 January 1945 destroyed much of the city centre. The death toll is estimated at 2,000–2,500. Near the end ofWorld War II,the city of about 340,000 became capital of theProvince of Magdeburg.Brabag's Magdeburg/Rothensee plant that producedsynthetic oilfromlignitecoal was a target of theOil Campaign of World War II.TheGründerzeitsuburbs north of the city, called the Nordfront, were destroyed as well as some of the city's main streets with its Baroque buildings.

It was occupied by9th US Armytroops on 18 April 1945 and was left to theRed Armyon 1 July 1945.Post-warthe area was part of theSoviet Zone of Occupationand many of the remaining pre-World War II city buildings were destroyed, with only a few buildings near the cathedral and in the southern part of the old city being restored to their pre-war state. Before thereunification of Germany,many survivingGründerzeitbuildings were left uninhabited and, after years of degradation, waiting for demolition. From 1949 until German reunification on 3 October 1990, Magdeburg belonged to theGerman Democratic Republic.

  • Map of Magdeburg, 1900
  • "Breiter Weg", approx. 1900
  • "Hasselbachplatz", approx. 1900
  • Sealing stamp (1850–1923)
  • City center after World War II
  • Magdeburg's centre has a number ofStalinistbuildings from the 1950s.

Since German reunification

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In 1990 Magdeburg became the capital of the new state ofSaxony-Anhaltwithin reunified Germany. Huge parts of the city and its centre were also rebuilt in a modern style. Its economy is one of the fastest-growing in the former East German states.[25]

In 2005 Magdeburg celebrated its 1200th anniversary.

The city was hit by2013 European floods.Authorities declared a state of emergency and said they expected the Elbe river to rise higher than in 2002. In Magdeburg, with water levels of five metres (16 ft) above normal, about 23,000 residents had to leave their homes on 9 June.[26]

Intelwill build its largest plant in Europe in the south of the city by 2027.[27]

Geography

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Magdeburg is one of the major towns along theElbe Cycle Route(Elberadweg). Its area is 201.03 km2(77.62 sq mi).[28]

Districts of Magdeburg

Districts

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The city of Magdeburg is divided into 40Stadtteile(districts).[29]Three of these, the former municipalities Beyendorf-Sohlen, Pechau and Randau-Calenberge, have a special status asOrtschaften.[30]TheStadtteileof Magdeburg are:[29]

  • Alt Olvenstedt
  • Alte Neustadt
  • Altstadt
  • Barleber See
  • Berliner Chaussee
  • Beyendorfer Grund
  • Beyendorf-Sohlen
  • Brückfeld
  • Buckau
  • Cracau
  • Diesdorf
  • Fermersleben
  • Gewerbegebiet Nord
  • Großer Silberberg
  • Herrenkrug
  • Hopfengarten
  • Magdeburg-Industriehafen
  • Kannenstieg
  • Kreuzhorst
  • Leipziger Straße
  • Lemsdorf
  • Neu Olvenstedt
  • Neue Neustadt
  • Neustädter Feld
  • Neustädter See
  • Nordwest
  • Ottersleben
  • Pechau
  • Prester
  • Randau-Calenberge
  • Reform
  • Rothensee
  • Salbke
  • Stadtfeld Ost
  • Stadtfeld West
  • Sudenburg
  • Sülzegrund
  • Werder
  • Westerhüsen
  • Zipkeleben

Climate

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Magdeburg has anoceanic climate(Cfb) according toKöppen climate classification.The weather is damp and chilly in winters, with 71.7 days per year in which the minimum temperature is below the freezing point, and 15.6 days with maximum temperature below the 0 °C (32 °F) mark.[31]Magdeburg is warm and relatively wet in summer and can sometimes become hot. Annually, 48.9 days have maximum temperature above 25 °C (77 °F), of which 12 days have daily maximum above 30 °C (86 °F).[31]

On average, there are 20.9 days withthunderand 0.8 days withhail,annually. Thunder is more common in spring and summer than other times of the year, while hail exclusively occurs in spring and summer months.[31]

Climate data for Magdeburg (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.5
(61.7) 		19.9
(67.8) 		25.1
(77.2) 		31.9
(89.4) 		32.8
(91.0) 		37.5
(99.5) 		38.2
(100.8) 		37.9
(100.2) 		33.6
(92.5) 		28.3
(82.9) 		21.1
(70.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		38.2
(100.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4.0
(39.2) 		5.4
(41.7) 		9.6
(49.3) 		15.4
(59.7) 		19.6
(67.3) 		22.7
(72.9) 		25.0
(77.0) 		24.9
(76.8) 		20.2
(68.4) 		14.4
(57.9) 		8.3
(46.9) 		4.8
(40.6) 		14.5
(58.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.4
(34.5) 		2.1
(35.8) 		5.2
(41.4) 		9.9
(49.8) 		14.1
(57.4) 		17.2
(63.0) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.0
(66.2) 		14.8
(58.6) 		10.0
(50.0) 		5.4
(41.7) 		2.3
(36.1) 		10.0
(50.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		1.1
(34.0) 		4.3
(39.7) 		8.3
(46.9) 		11.4
(52.5) 		13.6
(56.5) 		13.4
(56.1) 		10.0
(50.0) 		6.1
(43.0) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		5.6
(42.1)
Record low °C (°F) −23.8
(−10.8) 		−25.4
(−13.7) 		−17.6
(0.3) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		1.0
(33.8) 		5.4
(41.7) 		3.8
(38.8) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		−22.6
(−8.7) 		−25.4
(−13.7)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 38.3
(1.51) 		26.1
(1.03) 		34.9
(1.37) 		27.8
(1.09) 		56.1
(2.21) 		51.8
(2.04) 		60.9
(2.40) 		59.4
(2.34) 		43.3
(1.70) 		40.0
(1.57) 		36.8
(1.45) 		39.5
(1.56) 		515.8
(20.31)
Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) 15.9 13.9 14.7 11.4 13.0 12.6 13.8 13.0 11.9 14.2 15.3 16.7 165.4
Average snowy days(≥ 1.0 cm) 8.4 6.3 2.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 5.0 23
Averagerelative humidity(%) 84.7 80.6 75.9 68.1 68.3 69.1 68.3 68.5 75.1 81.8 86.4 85.9 76.1
Mean monthlysunshine hours 59.7 80.8 126.9 189.5 228.8 235.4 230.6 215.7 162.7 116.0 59.7 49.1 1,754.8
Source 1:NCEI[31]
Source 2: Infoclimat[32]

Population

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
140030,000—
162025,000−16.7%
182536,647+46.6%
185561,500+67.8%
187184,401+37.2%
1885114,291+35.4%
1890202,234+76.9%
1900229,667+13.6%
1910279,629+21.8%
1919285,856+2.2%
1925293,959+2.8%
1933306,894+4.4%
1939336,838+9.8%
1940346,600+2.9%
1945225,030−35.1%
1950260,305+15.7%
1956259,320−0.4%
1961262,437+1.2%
1966267,817+2.1%
1971271,906+1.5%
1976279,430+2.8%
1981287,362+2.8%
1986288,975+0.6%
1990280,536−2.9%
2001229,755−18.1%
2011228,144−0.7%
2022241,517+5.9%
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Source:[33][circular reference][34]

As of 2021, Magdeburg has a population of about 237,000. Its population grew rapidly after the end of 19th century due to industrialization. In 1885, the population was 100,000, and doubled after only five years. Magdeburg reached its greatest population in 1940, at approximately 346,000. At that time the city was poised to become a giant metropolis, but the events of WWII changed its future. After the war, in theEast Germanyera, Magdeburg recovered its industrial base to a degree, particularly theMachine industry,and became one of the important cities of East Germany. In 1991, when Magdeburg became the capital of the state ofSaxony-Anhalt,its population was about 275,000. After theGerman Reunification,the population of Magdeburg declined due to some loss of industries, when many residents moved to formerWest Germany.Since 2011, the population has stabilized at around 240,000.

Rank Nationality Population (2022)
1 Syria 5,341
2 Ukraine 4,893
3 Romania 2,379
4 India 1,431
5 Vietnam 1,348
6 Afghanistan 1,253
7 Poland 1,013
8 Croatia 947
9 Italy 833
10 Turkey 674

Politics

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Mayor and city council

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The current mayor of Magdeburg isindependent politicianSimone Borris since 2022. The most recent mayoral election was held on 24 April 2022, with a runoff held on 8 May, and the results were as follows:

Candidate Party First round Second round
Votes % Votes %
Simone Borris Independent(FDP,future!,MUT) 33,065 44.3 39,201 64.8
Jens Rösler SPD/Greens 20,080 26.3 21,298 35.2
Tobias Krull Christian Democratic Union 9,327 12.2
Nicole Anger The Left 5,230 6.8
Frank Pasemann Alternative for Germany 3,802 5.0
Till Isenhuth Independent 1,676 2.2
Sarah Biedermann Free Voters 1,289 1.7
Bettina Fassl Animal Protection Alliance 1,103 1.4
André Jordan Die PARTEI 860 1.1
Valid votes 76,432 99.6 60,508 99.4
Invalid votes 302 0.4 340 0.6
Total 76,734 100.0 60,848 100.0
Electorate/voter turnout 189,916 40.4 189,471 32.1
Source:City of Magdeburg

The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows:

Party Votes % +/- Seats +/-
Christian Democratic Union(CDU) 75,972 23.8 5.2 13 3
Alternative for Germany(AfD) 72,626 22.8 8.4 13 5
Social Democratic Party(SPD) 47,852 15.0 1.9 8 1
The Left(Die Linke) 32,549 10.2 5.1 6 3
Alliance 90/The Greens(Grüne) 30,119 9.4 5.9 5 4
Magdeburg Garden Party (Gartenpartei) 14,711 4.6 0.4 3 1
Animal Protection Party(Tierschutzpartei) 14,328 4.5 1.2 3 1
Free Democratic Party(FDP) 13,141 4.1 1.3 2 1
future! 6,984 2.2 0.7 1 1
Animal Protection Alliance(Tierschutzallianz) 5,495 1.7 0.4 1 0
Volt Germany(Volt) 3,343 1.0 New 1 New
Pößel (Independent) 809 0.3 New 0 New
Valid votes 319,022 100.0
Invalid balots 1,620 1.5
Total ballots 109,729 100.0 56 ±0
Electorate/voter turnout 187,588 58.5 5.1
Source:City of Magdeburg

Education

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Main article:Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg

TheOtto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg(German: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg) was founded in 1993 and is one of the newest universities in Germany. The university in Magdeburg has about 13,000 students in nine faculties. There are 11,700 papers published in international journals from this institute.

TheMagdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Scienceswas founded in 1991. There are 30 direct study programs in five departments in Magdeburg and two departments in Stendal. The university has more than 130 professors and approximately 4,500 students at Magdeburg and 1,900 at Stendal.

  • Aerial view of the University area
  • Campus Tower of the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg
  • Magdeburg library
  • Building No.1 of the University of Applied Sciences in Magdeburg
  • Conservatory– "Georg-Philipp-Telemann"

Culture and architecture

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Christmas-Market Magdeburg

Entertainment

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Magdeburg has a municipal theatre,Theater Magdeburg.

Magdeburg is well known for itsChristmas market,which is an attraction for 1.5 million visitors every year. Other events are theStadtfest,Christopher Street Day,Elbe in Flames,and theEuropafest Magdeburg.[35][36]The autumn fair (formerly men's fair) of Magdeburg goes back to Germany's oldest folk festival. The tradition dates back to September 1010, when the holy feast of the Theban Legion was celebrated in Magdeburg (then called Magathaburg).[37]

Event venues

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TheGETEC Arena
View of the Lake-Stage in Elbauenpark
Magdeburg Vertical-lift bridge (Hubbrücke)
  • Altes Theater am Jerichower Platz – Former theater, used for parties and large conferences
  • AMO – Culture and congress building
  • Buttergasse - Night club near the city centre at "Alter Markt" – house-, electro, pop and black music
  • Concert hall Georg Philipp Telemann at "Kloster unser lieben Frauen"
  • Factory – Former factory building, German and international pop, rock, metal, and indie music artists are featured
  • Festung Mark – Part of the former city fortification, now reconstructed for parties and conventions
  • Feuerwache – Former fire station, repurposed for events
  • GETEC Arena– Biggest multi-purpose hall in Saxony-Anhalt, home of handball teamSC Magdeburg
  • halber85 - Conventions, partys, conferences
  • Kunstkantine – Factory cafeteria, monthly electro-music parties
  • MDCC-Arena– Home of1. FC Magdeburg
  • Messe Magdeburg - Official trade fair site
  • Prinzzclub – Night club at Halberstädter Straße – house-, electro, and black music
  • Seebühne at Elbauenpark
  • Stadthalle – Concert hall
  • Studentenclub Baracke - Night club especially for students - house-, electro, rock, pop, indie and black music
  • Tessenow Loft - Conventions, partys, conferences

Museums

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  • Magdeburg Museum of Cultural History
  • Otto-von-Guericke-Museum Lukasklause
  • Jahrtausendturm
  • Magdeburg Museum of Nature
  • Magdeburg Museum of Technology
  • Art Museum in the Monastery of Our Lady
  • Magdeburg Circus Museum
  • Magdeburg Hairdressing Museum
  • Steamboat Württemberg - a museum ship

Architecture

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Cathedral of Magdeburg
The three churches at night
Entrance - Zoo Magdeburg

Cathedral

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Main article:Cathedral of Magdeburg

One of Magdeburg's most impressive buildings is theLutheranCathedral of SaintsCatherineandMauricewith a height of 104 m (341.21 ft), making it the tallest church building of eastern Germany. It is notable for its beautiful and unique sculptures, especially the "Twelve Virgins" at the Northern Gate, the depictions ofOtto I the Greatand his wifeEdithaas well as the statues ofSt MauriceandSt Catherine. The predecessor of the cathedral was a church built in 937 within an abbey, called St. Maurice. Emperor Otto I the Great was buried here beside his wife in 973. St. Maurice burnt to ashes in 1207. The exact location of that church remained unknown for a long time. The foundations were rediscovered in May 2003, revealing a building 80 m (262.47 ft) long and 41 m (134.51 ft) wide.

The construction of the new church lasted 300 years. The cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice was the firstGothicchurch building in Germany. The building of the steeples was completed as late as 1520.

While the cathedral was virtually the only building to survive the massacres of the Thirty Years' War, it suffered damage in World War II. It was soon rebuilt and completed in 1955.

The square in front of the cathedral (also called theNeuer Markt,or "new marketplace" ) was occupied by an imperial palace (Kaiserpfalz), which was destroyed in the fire of 1207. The stones from the ruin were used for the building of the cathedral. The presumed remains of the palace were excavated in the 1960s.

Other sights

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  • Unser Lieben FrauenMonastery (Our Lady), 11th century, containing the church of St. Mary. Today a museum for Modern Art. Home of the National Collection of Small Art Statues of the GDR (Nationale Sammlung Kleinkunstplastiken der DDR).
  • TheMagdeburger Reiter( "Magdeburg Rider", 1240), the first free-standing equestrian sculpture north of the Alps. It probably depicts the EmperorOtto I.
  • City hall (1698). This building had stood on the market place since the 13th century, but it was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War; the new city hall was built in aRenaissancestyle influenced by Dutch architecture. It was renovated and re-opened in Oct 2005.
  • Landtag;the seat of the government of Saxony-Anhalt with itsBaroquefaçade built-in 1724.
  • Monuments depictingOtto von Guericke(1907),Eike von RepkowandFriedrich Wilhelm von Steuben.
  • Ruins of the greatest fortress of the formerKingdom of Prussia.
  • Rotehorn-Park
  • Elbauenpark containing the highest wooden structure in Germany.
  • St. Sebastian's Cathedral, the seat of theRoman Catholic Diocese of Magdeburg.
  • St. John Church (Johanniskirche)
  • TheGruson-Gewächshäuser,abotanical gardenwithin agreenhousecomplex
  • TheMagdeburg Water Bridge,Europe's longest water bridge
  • "Die Grüne Zitadelle" or The Green Citadel of Magdeburg, a large, pink building of a modern architectural style designed byFriedensreich Hundertwasserand completed in 2005.
  • Jerusalem Bridge
  • Zoo Magdeburg
  • St. Johannis Church
  • St. Petri Church, with stained glass byCharles Crodel
View to a part of the city centre, seen from the tower of the St.-Johannis Church

Sports

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FCMandSCMvenues

Magdeburg has a proud history of sports teams.1. FC Magdeburgcurrently plays in the2. Bundesliga,the second division of German football. They are the only East German football club to have won theUEFA Cup Winners' Cup.The now-defunct clubsSV Victoria 96 MagdeburgandCricket Viktoria Magdeburgwere among the first football clubs in Germany.

There is also the very successfulhandballteam,SC Magdeburg.They won multiple times theHandball-Bundesliga (HBL),DHB-Pokal,DHB-Supercup,EHF European League,EHF Champions League,EHF Men's Champions Trophyand theIHF Men's Super Globe.

Thediscuswas re-discovered in Magdeburg in the 1870s byChristian Georg Kohlrausch,a gymnastics teacher.

Twin towns – sister cities

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See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Magdeburg istwinnedwith:[38]

People

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A–K

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Otto von Guericke
Georg Philipp Telemann

L–Z

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Erich Ollenhauer,Bundestag1954
Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben1782
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See also

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References

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  1. ^Mayoral election results, 2022,accessed 4 October 2022.(in German)
  2. ^"Bevölkerung der Gemeinden – Stand: 31. Dezember 2022"(PDF)(in German).Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt.June 2023.
  3. ^abcdefChisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911)."Magdeburg".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 301.
  4. ^"Brandkatastrophen und deren Bedeutung für die Verbreitung gotischer Sakralarchitektur"(PDF).archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de(in German). Jens Kremb.Retrieved28 January2023.
  5. ^https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4[bare URL]
  6. ^"Bilanz zum Stadtumbau".magdeburg.de(in German). Magdeburg.Retrieved6 January2023.
  7. ^"Key industries".www.magdeburg.de.Retrieved26 November2022.
  8. ^"The paper industry in Saxony-Anhalt".www.saxony-anhalt.com.Retrieved26 November2022.
  9. ^"Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal".hs-magdeburg.de.
  10. ^"Magdeburg: Jungfrau oder Groß? Der Ortsname erklärt"(in German). Onomastik.com.Retrieved24 July2010.
  11. ^abcdOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Löffler, Klemens (1910). "Magdeburg".In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).Catholic Encyclopedia.Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  12. ^"Religijski rat –" Ubili smo Boga u Magdeburgu! ""(in Serbo-Croatian).Večernji list.28 January 2016.Retrieved30 January2016.
  13. ^Heinrich Rathmann (1806).Geschichte der Stadt Magdeburg von ihrer ersten Entstehung an bis auf gegenwärtige Zeiten.Bey dem Buchhändler Johann Adam Creutz.
  14. ^Nathan Rein (5 December 2016).The Chancery of God: Protestant Print, Polemic and Propaganda against the Empire, Magdeburg 1546–1551.Taylor & Francis. pp. 32–.ISBN978-1-351-89314-5.
  15. ^Daniel Gehrt; Johannes Hund; Stefan Michel (28 January 2019).Bekennen und Bekenntnis im Kontext der Wittenberger Reformation.Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 118–.ISBN978-3-647-57095-2.
  16. ^Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911)."Guericke, Otto von".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 670....he attempted the creation of a vacuum...
  17. ^"City & History - Navigation md.de".www.magdeburg.de.Retrieved20 January2021.
  18. ^Waldemar Kowalski."Józef Piłsudski w Magdeburgu, czyli więzień stanu nr 1".Dzieje.pl(in Polish).Retrieved7 November2023.
  19. ^Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV.Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 464.ISBN978-0-253-06089-1.
  20. ^"Lager für Sinti und Roma Magdeburg".Bundesarchiv.de(in German).Retrieved7 November2023.
  21. ^ab"Magdeburg (Polte, Frauen)".aussenlager-buchenwald.de(in German).Retrieved24 November2023.
  22. ^"Magdeburg (Polte, Männer)".aussenlager-buchenwald.de(in German).Retrieved24 November2023.
  23. ^"Magdeburg-Rothensee".aussenlager-buchenwald.de(in German).Retrieved24 November2023.
  24. ^Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2009).The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I.Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 388–390.ISBN978-0-253-35328-3.
  25. ^"Zur Situation der Städte".Archived fromthe originalon 2 November 2014.Retrieved2 November2014.
  26. ^Thousands evacuated as Elbe bursts dam in German floods10 June 2013
  27. ^"Intel Germany Mega Site Gets €6.8bn in European Chips Act Funding".7 June 2022.
  28. ^"Tabellen Bodenfläche".Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt.Retrieved20 November2022.
  29. ^abBevölkerung & Demografie 2021,Magdeburger Statistik.
  30. ^Lesefassung der Hauptsatzung der Landeshauptstadt MagdeburgArchived4 October 2021 at theWayback Machine,9 November 2017.
  31. ^abcd"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020".World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020).National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe originalon 12 October 2023.Retrieved12 October2023.
  32. ^"Normales et records climatologiques 1991-2020 à Magdeburg"(in French). Infoclimat.Retrieved17 October2023.
  33. ^Link
  34. ^"Germany: States and Major Cities".
  35. ^"Magdeburg-Tourist - PFD"(PDF).www.magdeburg-tourist.de.Retrieved5 June2022.
  36. ^"Christopher Street Day - Magdeburg".csdmagdeburg.de.Retrieved5 June2022.
  37. ^Ottopix (2 October 2018)."The oldest folk festival in Germany".Retrieved3 October2018.
  38. ^"Partnerstädte".magdeburg.de(in German). Magdeburg.Retrieved22 February2021.
  39. ^Pace, Eric (23 August 1999)."Alfons Bach, 95, Designer of Tubular Furniture".Arts.Retrieved1 October2012.
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