Wikipedia

Marcoussis

This article is about the French commune. For the Cubist artist, seeLouis Marcoussis.

Marcoussis(French pronunciation:[maʁkusi]ⓘ) is acommunein the southern suburbs ofParis,France.It is located 24.8 km (15.4 mi) from thecenter of Paris.

Marcoussis
Commune
The town hall in Marcoussis
The town hall in Marcoussis
Coat of arms of Marcoussis
Coat of arms
Location of Marcoussis
Map
Marcoussis is located in France
Marcoussis
Marcoussis
Marcoussis is located in Île-de-France (region)
Marcoussis
Marcoussis
Coordinates:48°38′33″N2°13′51″E/ 48.6424°N 2.2307°E/48.6424; 2.2307
CountryFrance
RegionÎle-de-France
DepartmentEssonne
ArrondissementPalaiseau
CantonLes Ulis
IntercommunalityCA Paris-Saclay
Government
• Mayor(2020–2026)Olivier Thomas[1]
Area
1
16.8 km2(6.5 sq mi)
Population
(2021)[2]
8,430
• Density500/km2(1,300/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+02:00(CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
91363/
1French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2(0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Marcoussis is the location of the CNR (National Centre of Rugby) where theFrench national rugby union teamprepare for international competitions. It is at the CNR that theLinas-Marcoussis Agreementwas signed in January 2003 between belligerents in theIvorian Civil War.

A market village until the 1960s, Marcoussis supplied the markets ofPariswithtomatoesandstrawberries.A small train route, theArpajonnais,inaugurated in 1894, took food at 4am every morning, it ceased functioning in 1937.

Geography

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Marcoussis is located to the south ofParis,betweentrunk roadRN20,in the east andAutorouteA10 to the west and trunk road RN104 called theFrancilienneto the south. It is crossed by the RN446, and a small river of theOrge,called Sallemouille (previously called Gadanine).

Neighboring communes

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Population

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Inhabitantsare officially called theMarcoussissiensin French or according to other sources are called theMarcoussiens.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19682,635—
19753,980+6.07%
19824,465+1.66%
19905,680+3.05%
19997,226+2.71%
20077,736+0.86%
20128,007+0.69%
20178,139+0.33%
Source: INSEE[3]

List of successive mayors

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  • March 1977- March 1983, Jean Montaru - socialist party
  • March 1983- May 1986, M Jean Montaru (décédé during the course of mandate) - socialist party
  • June 1986- March 1989, Marc Nogues - socialist party
  • March 1989- March 1995 Daniel Hochet - centre-right
  • March 1995- January 2003 Eric Cochard - socialist party
  • January 2003- 2014 Olivier Thomas - socialist party, councillor of Île-de-France region

History

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Antoine Chintreuil,Landscape near Marcoussis(1864),Staatliche Kunsthalle,Karlsruhe.

Very old traces of occupation exist, in particular a polishing machine found on the southern slope of the valley. The village really started to develop around the priory of Wandrille Saint, depending on theAbbey of Saint-Wandrille.In 854, a charter ofCharles the Baldmentions Marcoussis. Initially, it would only be absolutely necessary for one vineyard at Bution, near toArpajon.The monks losing Bution settled in Marcoussis at the beginning of the 12th century. The absence of records prevents an exact description of what was the priory at the time. It is known only that in 1298, there remained only one monk and that the village had 120 inhabitants. Célestins arrived at the beginning of the 15th century, and absorbed the possessions of the old ruined priory. But the history of Marcoussis also includes the construction desired byJean de Montaguin 1404–1408. Minister of Finance forCharles VI of Francehe built his castle here (of which only the base and a tower remains, known as the Oubliettes), the convent of Célestins (remains of the cellars and a portion of the gate) and ordered the rebuilding of the village church. The church shelters a superb marble statue of theVirgin Marydonated byJean de Berryto the convent of Célestins. The kings came to hunt at Marcoussis and there remains the royal house built underLouis XV.There was acommandryof the order of Saint Jean of Jerusalem from the 13th century (Brother Baudoyn commander of the "meson of the flood" in 1290); a vault is still visible. On the plateau close toNozay,an important establishment ofAlcatelshelters research laboratories.

Recent times

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Since 2002, the field of Bellejame in the east of the commune, abandoned for decades, saw the building of the CNR (National Centre of Rugby), where the French team trains.

TheKleber Accordswere signed at the CNR in January 2003 between the government ofCôte d'Ivoireand the rebels of North.

On 29 July 2007, for the first time, the town was the departure for the 20th stage of the2007 Tour de France.

Notable people

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Transport

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Marcoussis is served by no station of the Paris Métro, RER, or suburban rail network. The closest station to Marcoussis isSaint-Michel-sur-Orgestation on ParisRER line.This station is located in the commune ofSaint-Michel-sur-Orge,5.7 km (3.5 mi) from the town center of Marcoussis.

Events

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The strawberry festival continues although the mass growing of strawberries disappeared at the start of the 1980s, whereas it was formerly produced locally in great quantity.

Bineau carnival

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Each year in spring,the carnival of Bineaufills the streets of the village. This carnival is, according to certain sources, dedicated to the ministerJean-Martial Bineau(1805–1855) who underNapoleon III,took unpopular measures by decreasing the spending of State. The carnival takes place in the following towns:Arpajon,Leuville-on-Barley,Nozay,City-of-Wood.Marcoussis is not in the official procession of floats and majorettes, but has a festival organised by its citizens. A covered puppet in black trousers and atail coat,capped with a hattop hat,and girds of a tricolour scarf is carried by the young people who are 18 years that year (formerly conscripts, nowadays boys and girls) dressed in the same costume. They are followed by the dressed up tanks and inhabitants. For certain groups the preparation for "' 'Bineau' '" lasts several months (choice of the theme, of the costumes and construction of the float which is drawn by a tractor). For the last ten years several groups are mobilized to make this festival a success. The procession starts at around 3pm, crosses the town by the main street from east to west to finish in place de la Republique, at dusk. Along the way, several stops take place among the houses of people who liberally offer drink to those in the procession. Bineau is placed at the top of a large heap of straw, piled-up over previous days, and set alight. The crowd forms a large farandole around fire, until it goes out. It is one of the great moments of the life of the commune, where the joy and good mood reign as Masters, and which many Marcoussisiens would not miss under any pretext.

Cultural heritage

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Parish church

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The parish church Sainte-Marie-Madeleine was built byJean de Montaguat the same time as its castle at the beginning of the 15th century, it is registered on the additional inventory of historic buildings by decree of December 17, 1965. Thenavewith three spans was built in the middle of 16th century by Jeanne d' Amboise, daughter of the amiral de Graville whose armorial bearings decorate the key of central crossing. One can admire inside the church a Virgin with the Child inmarbleofCarrara,of 2 meters height, œuvre of Jean de Cambrai forDuke of Berrywho made of it gift with the monastery of Célestins in 1408, it was classified as a historic building as of 1896. The frontage is of styleGothic architectureblazing, the door is sumontée of a contour in accordance, the stained glass with the top of the door of entry represents the armorial bearings of the lords of Marcoussis: Montagu, Graville, Balzac and Iliers d' Entragues and Esclignac.

Vestiges of the castle of Montagu

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Was given tothe orphans apprentices of Auteuilin 1940, by Genevieve de la Baume-Pluvinel, as well as the grounds and the modern castle, with the proviso of making it a school of horticulture which would bear the name of Saint-Anthony in homage to her brother who died at 18 years of age during theFirst World War.What remains today and is protected:

  • the tower of the chatelet of entry,
  • the tower of the oubliettes and grounds with levelling of the castle, classified with the title of historic buildings by a state decree of July 9, 1984,
  • arched cellars, registered on the additional Inventory of Historic Buildings by a decree of 21 December 1984.

Castle of Célestins

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Owned by the commune and currently housing the school of Arts, built in 1859 on the site of the convent dedicated to the Holy Trinity which had been completed in 1408 and occupied by Célestins. The convent was set on fire at the time of the Wars of Religion then demolished at the start of the French Revolution.

Remains of the Castle of Bellejame

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The castle was destroyed by fire in 1976 and the adjoining park now has the National Center of Rugby in its northern section. In the southern section, the park is managed by the general council of Essonne and has:

  • The refrigerator which was used to store the ice recovered from nearby waters
  • An arched source and;
  • The remains of ahydraulic ram.

Old Bailiwick

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This building is now used as leisure centre, it was built in the last quarter of the 18th century. Municipal property, indexed but not protected by the historic buildings decree.

Old Commandry of the Deluge

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Ferme généraleof the Deluge, including the vestiges of a vault dedicated toJohn the Baptist,dating from the 12th century and partially rebuilt in the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries. It is the only vestige of the time when it belonged to theOrder of the Templars,before it passed into the hands of theOrder of Malta,it was then joined together in Saint-Jean-de-Latran in Paris. Private property, it is listed by the historic buildings decree but not protected.

Castles and other residences

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  • House of the King: It was built under the reign ofLouis XVto be used for royal hunts. It is now a private property, partially classified as a historic building by a decree of 26 November 1968 (protection of façades and roofs).
  • Château du Bel-Ebat: Located on the plate, it was rebuilt in the 19th century, it is a private residence.
  • Château of the Round Oak: Property of the Ministry for the Navy since 1946, it housed a radar research laboratory. Amongst other things the research covered applications on the development of theNançayradio telescope.
  • Castle of the Deluge: Located behind the old commandery, it was built in 1857; now private property.
  • Field of Brambles: located more than 3 km (1.9 mi) from the centre of the village, it belongs to the commune ofBourg-la-Reine,which transformed it into a holiday centre, it is now abandoned.
  • Ferme de l'Hôtel-Dieu: remarkable for its frame "toPhilibert Delorme"dating from the beginning of the 19th century, it is located in rue de Voltaire in the Gue district.

Twin towns

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  • -Waldsassentown of 7,483 inhabitants located inBavaria(Germany) - twinned since 1970.
  • -Bérégadougou,village of 8,000 inhabitants located in the province ofComoéin the south ofBurkina Faso(Africa) - twinned since 1998.
  • -Mariánské Lázněor Marianské Lazné (ex Marienbad in German), inCzech Republic,town of 14,300 inhabitants was twinned to Marcoussis bya pact of international friendshipin 1995 which led to an oath of twinning in May 2005 and the official signature of twinning on 23 September 2006.
  • -Newton Stewart- Newton stewart is paired with Marcoussis since 2013.

Tour de France

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In2007,Marcoussis was the start of the final stage of theTour de France.The stage was 130 km (81 mi) long and finished with eight laps of thetraditional circuitaround theChamps-Élysées.

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"(in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^"Populations légales 2021"(in French).The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies.28 December 2023.
  3. ^Population en historique depuis 1968,INSEE
  4. ^Pluvinel.site.voila.fr
  5. ^"Ib Braase"(in French). Encyclopédie Audiovisuelle de l'Art Contemporain.Retrieved5 November2014.
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