Marguerite of Lorraine

Not to be confused withMargaret of Lorraine.

Marguerite of Lorraine(22 July 1615– 13 April 1672),Duchess of Orléans,was the wife ofGaston,younger brother ofLouis XIII of France.As Gaston had married her in secret in defiance of the King, Louis had their marriage nullified when it became known. On his deathbed, Louis permitted them to marry. After their remarriage, Marguerite and Gaston had five children. She was the stepmother ofLa Grande Mademoiselle.

Marguerite of Lorraine
Duchess of Orléans
Portrait byAnthony van Dyck,1630
Born	(1615-07-22)22 July 1615 Ducal Palace,Nancy,Lorraine
Died	13 April 1672(1672-04-13)(aged 56) Palais d'Orléans,Paris,France
Burial	Basilica of Saint-Denis
Spouse	Gaston, Duke of Orléans
Issue	Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany Isabelle, Duchess of Guise Françoise Madeleine, Duchess of Savoy Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Chartres
House	Lorraine
Father	Francis II, Duke of Lorraine
Mother	Countess Christina of Salm
Signature

Life

Marguerite was born inNancy,LorrainetoFrancis II, Duke of Lorraine,andCountess Christina of Salm.One of six children, she grew up in Nancy which was the capital of her father'sduchy.After losing her mother in 1627, she was brought up by her auntCatherine of Lorraine—theAbbess of Remiremont.Two of her older brothers,CharlesandNicolas,were successivelydukes of Lorraine.

Duchess of Orléans

While takingrefugefrom the wrath of the French prime minister,Cardinal Richelieu,Gaston, Duke of Orléans,younger brother andheir presumptiveofLouis XIII of France,fell in love with Marguerite.As France and Lorraine were enemies, however, Gaston was refused permission to marry the sister of Lorraine's duke,Charles IV of Lorraine.Nonetheless, Gaston returned to Lorraine and, in a secret ceremony in the presence of her family at Nancy during the night of 2–3 January 1632, took Marguerite as his wife.Since he had not obtained the prior permission of his elder brother—one of his many acts of defiance—the couple could not appear at the French court and the marriage was kept secret.

In November that same year,Henri II, Duke of Montmorency,on his way to thescaffold,betrayed Gaston by revealing theelopementto the king and Richelieu.The king had his brother's marriage declared void by theParlement of Parisin September 1634 and, despite the Pope's protest, theAssembly of the French clergyaffirmed the nullification in September 1635 on the grounds that aprince du sang,especially an heir to the throne, could only enter into matrimony with the permission of the king—consistent with French sovereignty and custom.Although Marguerite and Gaston had renewed their marriage before the Archbishop of Malines, a French emissary persuaded the Pope not to publicly protest the matter, and Gaston was forced to accept the annulment of his marriage.When Louis XIII was on his death bed in May 1643, he accepted his brother's plea for forgiveness, authorizing his marriage to Marguerite, whereupon the couple took their vows for the third time in July 1643 before the Archbishop of Paris atMeudon.The Duke and Duchess of Orléans were finally received at court and could begin producing lawful progeny.

By right of her marriage, Marguerite became known asMadameat court. After the death of his mother in 1642, Gaston was bequeathed theLuxembourg Palace,which became the couple's Parisian residence under the namePalais d'Orléansonce they were restored to royal favor. They alsosojournedat theChâteau de Blois,in theLoire Valley,where their first child was born in 1645. Marguerite, however, did not play any significant role at the French court. Although she received a warm welcome after the death of Louis XIII, she suffered fromagoraphobiaand seldom visited the court where her duties were undertaken by her step-daughter,Mademoiselle,with whom she did not get along.

Gaston Duke of Orleans 1634

Widowhood

Marguerite's husband, who had played a major part in theFrondeagainst his nephew the young kingLouis XIV(as had her stepdaughterAnne Marie Louise d'Orléans,La Grande Mademoiselle), was exiled to his castle at Blois where he died in 1660. Some time after her husband's death, Louis XIV gave thedukedom of Orléansto his brother (and Gaston's nephew),Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans,who became the newMonsieur.As "Dowager Duchess of Orléans," Marguerite continued to reside in thePalais d'Orléans,where she died on 13 April 1672. She was buried at theBasilica of Saint Denis.

Issue

1. Marguerite Louise d'Orléans(28 July 1645 – 17 September 1721) marriedCosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscanyand had issue.
2. Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans(26 December 1646 – 17 March 1696) marriedLouis Joseph de Lorraine, Duke of Guiseand had issue.
3. Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans(13 October 1648 – 14 January 1664) marriedCharles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoywith no issue.
4. Jean Gaston d'Orléans, Duke of Valois(17 August 1650 – Paris, 10 August 1652) died in infancy.
5. Marie Anne d'Orléans(9 November 1652 – Blois, 17 August 1656) died in infancy.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Marguerite of Lorraine
8.Francis I, Duke of Lorraine 4.Charles III, Duke of Lorraine 9.Christina of Denmark 2.Francis II, Duke of Lorraine 10.Henry II of France 5.Claude of Valois 11.Catherine de' Medici 1.Marguerite of Lorraine 12.John VII, Count of Salm-Badenweiler 6.Paul of Salm 13. Claude de Stainville 3.Christina of Salm 14. Tanneguy I Le Veneur 7. Marie Le Veneur 15. Madeleine Hélie de Pompadour

External links

Media related toMarguerite of Lorraineat Wikimedia Commons