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Max Taitz

In this name that followsEastern Slavic naming customs,thepatronymicisArkadyevichand thefamily nameisTaitz.

Max Taitz(Max Arkadyevich Taitz,Russian:Макс Аркадьевич Тайц;1904–1980) was a Soviet scientist, engineer, and one of the founders ofGromov Flight Research Institute(1941). He was adoctor of engineering,a professor, and a recipient of theStalin Prize(1949 and 1953), and the honorary title ofHonoured Scientist of the RSFSR(1961).[1][2][3][4]

Max Taitz
Макс Тайц
Born(1904-01-21)21 January 1904
Warsaw,Russian Empire
Died23 July 1980(1980-07-23)(aged 76)
Zhukovsky
Burial placeBykovskoye Memorial Cemetery inZhukovsky
CitizenshipSoviet Union
Alma materBauman Moscow Higher Technical School(1929)
Occupations
Years active1929–1974
Employers
Known for
Title
Deputy Chief of theGromov Flight Research Institute

Doctor of Engineering Professor

SuccessorArseny Mironov
SpouseIraida B. Zeest (married 1925)
Children2
AwardsStalin Prize(1949 and 1953)
Websiteold.lii.ru/tajts_maks_arkad_evich.html(in Russian)
Signature

Biography

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Early years

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Taitz was born inWarsaw,Russian Empire.[5]In 1915, the Taitz family escaped from thewartoMoscow,where he and his younger brother studied at the Sokolov-Korobov privategymnasium(later Soviet secondary school No. 81). After leaving the gymnasium, he enteredBauman Moscow Higher Technical School.While he was a student, Taitz worked as a proofreader and a binder for a number of Moscow publishers. Closer to graduation, he worked as an aviation technician for theSoviet Air ForceResearch Institute (NII VVS) and began flight training inSevastopol.In 1925, Taitz marriedMoscow State Universitystudent Iraida Zeest, who later became an archaeologist. Upon graduation from theBauman Moscow Higher Technical Schoolin 1929, he was assigned to work for theCentral Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI).[4]

Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI)

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Taitz started work as a flight test engineer in the flight test section of theTsAGIunder the supervision of Alexander Chesalov and Vsevolod Vedrov.[4]His first job was flight testing of theTB-5heavy bomber withMikhail Gromovas a lead test pilot.[4][6]

ANT-25inSan Jacintoafter the newnon-stop flight distance recordof 10,148 kilometers (6,306 mi) fromMoscowtoUnited Statesvia theNorth Pole(July 1937)

From 1934 to 1937, Taitz participated in a technical commission for engineering support ofnon-stop flight distance record flightsofValery ChkalovandMikhail Gromovin theTupolev ANT-25long-haul aeroplane and upon successful completion was awarded his firstOrder of Red Banner of Labour(1937). He was one of the authors of the comprehensive "Aircraft designer reference book" published by TsAGI in 1937.[4]He was also involved in engineering support ofSigizmund Levanevsky's record flights from Moscow over theNorth Poleto the US.[2][7]

After the arrest of his elder brother David Taitz in theGreat Purgein 1938, Taitz leftTsAGIand worked as engineer-editor for the State Scientific Library of theNKTP,editing the aviation department of theNews of Technical Literaturejournal. In 1939, he got a chance to obtain the position of Dean of Theoretical Mechanics Department at theSoviet Union Industrial Academybut in 1940, a delegation from TsAGI visited him and requested his return to the institute to head a group of researchers.[4]

Flight Research Institute

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Together withAlexander ChesalovandVsevolod Vedrov,and with the support ofMikhail Gromovand Ivan Petrov, Taitz arranged the establishment of theInstitute of Flight Research(8 March 1941).[7]In the new institute Taitz held the Chief of Laboratory No. 2 position and also acted as the institute Deputy Chief for science.[2][8]During theGreat Patriotic War (World War II),Taitz headed the evacuation of the science core of the institute toNovosibirsk,and supervised flight and ground testing of the serial production fighter aeroplanes to eliminate defects in the flight qualities and war-fighting capabilities of the aircraft.[2]At the same time he took the lead in developing the second volume of theAircraft Designers Handbook(RDK) devoted toflight testtechniques and published by TsAGI in 1944.[4][2]The same year Taitz was assigned to head a Soviet technical group for the evaluation of thePeenemünde test sitewhere the GermanV-1andV-2missiles were tested.[2]

Cruise missileKS-1under the wing ofTu-16 bomber

From 1945 to 1947, together with Alexander Chesalov, Taitz initiated the development oftestbed aeroplanesbased on theTu-2 bomberfor flight testing of the jet engines. Concurrently he developed thetheory of similarityfor aviation turbojet engine testing.[7][9]Taitz organised and supervised the flight research and testing of the first Soviet jet fightersMiG-9,MiG-15,MiG-19andSu-9,for which he was awarded theStalin Prizein 1949.[4][2]

At the end of 1940s during a second wave ofantisemitism,Taitz and many others were fired from theinstitute.Later, in conjunction with new research projects in unmanned aircraft and missiles, and the establishment in 1952 of a new dedicated division, he was asked to return to the institute.[2]After his return, he played a major role in the development and flight tests of Soviet cruise missiles theKS-1and others, and their automatic control systems.[4][7]In 1956, chief of the institute Nikolai Stroev, insisted Taitz be assigned his deputy, although a number of high-level officials of the aviation industry were against that due to Taitz's Jewish ethnicity, his reluctance to be aCommunist Partymember and his repressed or emigrated relatives.[4]

In the late 1960s, Taitz initiated the development of the USSR civil aircraft certification system and was a strong supporter of joining the USSR to theChicago conventionandICAO.[10]Gromov Flight Research Institutebecame a leading research organisation in the USSR in flight testing and certification of aircraft and Taitz was a driving force behind that. Other notable scientists in these activities were Nikolai Stroev, Victor Utkin, andArseny Mironov.[9]For a number of years in the 1960s, Taitz was head of the Soviet-French working group on avionics and flight tests. He was awarded theOrder of Leninin 1966 for achievements in automation of aeroplane controls.[2]

Universities

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At different times Taitz was a professor at theMoscow Aviation Institute,[4]Moscow State Aviation Technological University(1940–1941) andMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology(1938–1940 and 1955–1980).[11][4]From 1965 to 1974 he was head of the Aerophysical and Flight Research Department within theAeromechanics and Flight Engineering Facultyof theMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology.[12]

Family

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Taitz was born to Izhok-Aaron (Isaac-Arkady) Z. Taitz (Russian:Ицхок-Аарон (Исаак-Аркадий) Захарович Тайц) (1868–1935), a travelling salesman who was born inKaunas,Lithuania,Russian Empire,[5][4]and Sara (Sophia) M. Vilenchuk (Russian:Сара Мовшевна (Софья Моисеевна) Виленчук) (1874–1951), who was born in a suburb of Kaunas.[5][4]

In 1925 Taitz married Iraida B. Zeest (Russian:Ираида Борисовна Зеест) (1902–1981), who was born inSaint Petersburg.She studied atMoscow State Universityand graduated from the Faculty of Philology, with aDoctor of Science in Historydegree. She worked for thePushkin State Museum of Fine Artsand later for the Institute of Archaeology,USSR Academy of Sciences.[13][2][4][14]They had two daughters; Irina M. Khmelevskaya Taitz (Russian:Ирина Максовна Хмелевская Тайц) (born 1932) and Elena M. Flokovskaya Taitz (Russian:Елена Максовна Флорковская Тайц) (born 1940).[15]

Awards and decorations

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Memorials

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Max Taitz memorial plate on the Gromov Flight Research Institute headquarters building

Taitz is buried at theBykovskoye Memorial CemeteryinZhukovsky.There is a bronze memorial plate with his bas-relief image installed on the Gromov Flight Research Institute headquarters building where he once worked.[14]

Notable publications

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Most of Taitz's notable publications are in Russian.

  • Ведров, В. С.; Горский, В. П.; Тайц, М. А. (1935). "Сравнение результатов исследований 5 самолетов в полете и их моделей в аэродинамических трубах" [Comparison of results of 5 aeroplanes in-flight research and their models testing in the wind tunnels].Труды ЦАГИ(in Russian) (214).ЦАГИ.
  • Справочник авиаконструктора[Aircraft designer reference book] (in Russian). Москва:ЦАГИ.1937. p. 512.
  • Калачев, Г. С.; Остославский, И. В.; Тайц, М. А. (1945). "Некоторые вопросы компоновки скоростных самолетов" [Certain problems of high-speed aeroplanes configuration].Труды ЛИИ(in Russian).ЛИИ.
  • Ведров, В. С.; Тайц, М. А. (1951).Летные испытания самолетов[Aeroplanes flight testing] (in Russian). Москва: Оборонгиз. p. 484.
  • Ведров, В. С.; Смирнов, В. П.; Тайц, М. А. (1956). "Исследования продольных автоколебаний самолета с необратимым гидроусилителем в системе управления" [Research of longitudinal auto-oscillations of an aeroplane with an irreversible hydraulic booster in flight control system].Труды ЛИИ(in Russian) (65).ЛИИ.
  • Миронов, А. Д.; Строев, Н. С.; Тайц, М. А.; и др. (1980). Образцов, И. Ф. (ed.).Развитие авиационной науки и техники в СССР: историко-технические очерки - Глава "Лётные исследования"[Development of aviation science and technology in the USSR: historical and technical essays - Chapter "Flight research"] (in Russian). Москва: Наука: АН СССР. p. 496.
  • Тайц, М. А. (1983).Теоретические основы методов определения в полете летных характеристик самолетов: Применение теории подобия[Theoretical foundations of methods for in-flight evaluation of aeroplanes flight characteristics: The theory of similarity application]. Справочная библиотека авиационного инженера-испытателя "Летные испытания самолетов и вертолетов" (in Russian). Москва: Машиностроение. p. 128.(published posthumously).

References

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  1. ^Зелин,Александр, ed. (2009).Авиация России: биографическая энциклопедия: 1909-2009[Aviation of Russia: Biographical Encyclopaedia: 1909-2009] (in Russian).Москва:Столичная энциклопедия. p. 880.ISBN978-5-903989-03-4.
  2. ^abcdefghijklmnopq"Деятельность М. А. Тайца в ЛИИ во время войны и в послевоенные годы — Еженедельник" Жуковские вести ", № 25, 17-24 июня 2014 года"[M. A. Taitz inGFRIin a war time and post-war years — Zhukovskiye Vesti weekly, issue 25, 17–24 June 2014] (in Russian). Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести". Archived fromthe originalon 9 March 2018.Retrieved3 March2018.
  3. ^Остапенко, Юрий, ed. (2005).XX век. Авиастроение России в лицах[Twentieth Century. Faces of Russian Aviation Industry] (in Russian). Москва: МОО «Общество авиастроителей». p. 552.
  4. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstШевченко, В. А.; Лапин, Ю. А. (1995). Свищёв, Георгий (ed.).Знакомьтесь: город Жуковский[Meet: Zhukovsky City] (in Russian). Москва: АО "Книга графикс". pp. 91–104.ISBN9785887010021.
  5. ^abc"Персональный сайт семьи Тайц - Самуил"[Personal site of the Taitz family - Samuel] (in Russian).Retrieved3 March2018.
  6. ^Михаил Маслов (November 2013)."Тяжелый бомбардировщик ТБ-5"[TB-5heavy bomber].Авиация и космонавтика вчера, сегодня, завтра(in Russian) (11).Москва:Издательство "Техинформ".
  7. ^abcdАмирьянц, Георгий (2001).Летчики-испытатели. Сергей Анохин со товарищи[Test Pilots.Sergey Anokhinwith Comrades](PDF)(in Russian).Москва:Машиностроение. p. 157.
  8. ^"Вековой юбилей легенды летных исследований"[Centennial jubilee of the legend of flight research] (in Russian). Ассоциация государственных научных центров РФ. 9 January 2018.Retrieved27 January2018.
  9. ^abВасильченко, К. К.; Знаменская, А. М.; Клячко, М. Д.; Махонькин, Ю. Е.; Миронов, А. Д.; Хейфец, М. И., eds. (1993).Лётные исследования и испытания. Фрагменты истории и современное состояние: Научно-технический сборник[Flight Research and Testing. Fragments of History and Present State: A Sci.-Tech. Collection] (in Russian).Москва:Машиностроение. p. 496.ISBN9785217020591.
  10. ^Анатолий Смирнов (March 2016)."Съезд должен заняться поиском решений сегодняшних трудностей"[The Congress must look for solutions to today's difficulties](PDF)(weekly). Vol. 9, no. 1271 (Жуковские Вести ed.).Zhukovsky:Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести". p. 6.
  11. ^abcdefgСвищёв, Георгий, ed. (1994).Авиация: Энциклопедия[Aviation: Encyclopaedia] (in Russian).Москва:Большая российская энциклопедия:ЦАГИ.p. 735.
  12. ^Миронов, А. Д.; Берестов, Л. М.; Золотухин, Р. Б.; Леонова, М. Ф.; Амирьянц, В. А., eds. (2001).Лётно-исследовательский институт. События. Люди[Flight Research Institute. Events. People] (in Russian).Москва:Машиностроение: Машиностроение-Полет. p. 536.
  13. ^"ЗЕ́ЕСТ ИРАИ́ДА БОРИ́СОВНА | Энциклопедия Всемирная история".w.histrf.ru(in Russian).Retrieved6 March2018.
  14. ^abПономарёв, Ю. Л.; Луняков, В. С.; Тайц-Хмелевская, И. М. (18 June 1997). "Вспоминая М. А. Тайца" [Remembering M.A. Taitz].Жуковские Вести(in Russian). No. 25.Жуковский:Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести". p. 4.
  15. ^"Персональный сайт семьи Тайц - Генеалогия"[Personal site of the Taitz family - Genealogy] (in Russian).Retrieved3 March2018.

Literature

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