Menomonie(/məˈnɒməni/) is a city in and thecounty seatofDunn Countyin the western part of theU.S. stateofWisconsin.[5]The city's population was 16,843 as of the 2020 census.[2]
Menomonie, Wisconsin | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
 Location of Menomonie in Dunn County, Wisconsin | |
  Menomonie Location within Wisconsin  Menomonie Location within the United States  Menomonie Menomonie (North America) | |
| Coordinates:44°52′45″N91°55′5″W/ 44.87917°N 91.91806°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Dunn |
| Founded by | William Wilson |
| Area | |
| • Total | 15.44 sq mi (39.98 km2) |
| • Land | 13.70 sq mi (35.47 km2) |
| • Water | 1.74 sq mi (4.51 km2) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 16,843 |
| • Estimate (2021)[3] | 16,794 |
| • Density | 1,229.9/sq mi (474.9/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6(Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5(CDT) |
| Zip Code | 54751 |
| Area code(s) | 715 & 534 |
| FIPS code | 55-51025 |
| Website | www |
Named for the original inhabitants of the area, theMenominee,[6]the city forms the core of theUnited States Census Bureau's MenomonieMicropolitan Statistical Area(MSA), which includes all of Dunn County (2010 population: 43,857). The Menomonie MSA and theEau Claire–Chippewa Falls metropolitan areato the east form the Census Bureau's Eau Claire-MenomonieConsolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Thecity centeris at the south end ofLake Menomin,areservoiron theRed Cedar River.
History
editThe earliest known residents of the area were people from the TrempealeauHopewell Cultureof the MiddleWoodland Period(100–400CE).[7]Evidence from their culture includes a mound from the Wakanda Mounds Group in Wakanda Park, along the western shore ofLake Menomin.Most of these mounds are thought to be fromEffigy Moundcultures from this time period. Artifacts from the Late Woodland Period (400–1000 CE) have also been uncovered. It is theorized that agricultural villages supported the population during summer months, transitioning to hunting and gathering from fall through spring. The next known population group is theSantee Dakotain the 1600s and 1700s, who engaged in conflicts with theOjibwepeople, who migrated west as refugees. Armed with European weapons, the Ojibwe pushed westward, eventually winning at theBattle of Kathioin 1770. The two tribes continued their warfare, eventually signing the 1825First Treaty of Prairie du Chien,which made a border between the two just north of Menomonie, with the Dakota claiming the southern lands.[8]
In 1788, French-Canadian fur trader and schoolmaster Jean Baptiste Perrault established a trading post and fort on the Red Cedar River very near Menomonie.[8][9]
Thelumber industrybrought Menomonie permanent settlement and economic prosperity in the 1800s. Hardin Perkins established the first sawmill at the confluence of Wilson Creek and theRed Cedar Riverin 1822 on behalf of fur tradersJames H. LockwoodandJoseph RoletteofPrairie du Chien.The mill was washed away by a sudden overflow in the river within a year. Working withIndian AgentGeneral Street, Perkins, Lockwood and Rolette began a legal battle over the authority of the local Native American people to grant permissions of this sort, exchanging land for payment of blankets, beads, whiskey, and other merchandise to Dakota ChiefWapasha IIand other Ojibwe chiefs. In 1830 the traders received permission from the federal government to rebuild their lumber operation. This was the first permanent settlement on the land that became the city of Menomonie.[8][10]
Lockwood built a second mill and dam on the west side of the Red Cedar River, at the confluence of Gilbert Creek. He sold this to Hiram S. Allen, a lumberman fromVermont.In 1839, Allen built a new sawmill in its place, which he sold to theMcCann brothers,settlers fromOhiowho later became the first permanent residents ofEau Claire.[11][12]In 1849, the Gilbert Creek Mill became the site of the first post office.[13]
Lockwood and Rolette sold their original operation to James Green in 1841, who turned over the deed to William Black in 1842.[13][14]In 1846,William Wilsonand John Holly Knapp jointly purchased the mill, naming it Black & Knapp Mill. Wilson and his family settled in the area, eventually building what is now theWilson Place Museumin 1859. Wilson founded the city of Menomonie and became its first mayor in 1882, as well as aWisconsin State Senator.[15]
Captain Andrew Tainter and Henry L. Stout acquired1⁄3interest in Wilson and Knapp's company, formingKnapp, Stout & Co.in 1853, the company that would come to define the town for generations. Tainter was a silent partner, whose duties included shipping lumber down to theMississippi Riverand returning with supplies.[16]By 1873, Knapp, Stout & Co. had become the world's largest lumber corporation. In 43 years, its output grew from 100,000 to 5,706,602 feet of lumber. It had 1,200 employees and owned 115,000 acres (47,000 ha) of pine forest.[10]The post office was moved to the site of the Knapp, Stout & Co. Company in 1855, with Wilson as postmaster.[17]
Menomonie was incorporated as a city in 1882.[18]
TheMabel Tainter Memorial Building,a local landmark, was built in 1890 and dedicated on July 3, 1890, by Tainter in honor of his daughter Mabel, who had died in 1886 at the age of 19.[8]In 1891,Wisconsin State SenatorJames Huff Stout,son of Henry L. Stout, founded a manual training school, the first of several educational enterprises he launched in Menomonie. These educational programs were combined into the Stout Institute in 1908, and still stand as theUniversity of Wisconsin–Stout.[19]
In 1901, the water mill shut down and Knapp, Stout & Co. closed operations in the area. The Wisconsin Power Company and Submerged Electric Motor Co. acquired some of the company's facilities, the latter to house the world's first outboard motor factory. In 1902, the Wilson-Weber Lumber Company took over retail operations of the Knapp, Stout & Co. That same year, Menomonie founded the nation's first agricultural high school, the Dunn County School of Agriculture and Domestic Economy.[20]
Geography
editMenomonie is located at44°52′45″N91°55′5″W/ 44.87917°N 91.91806°W(44.879, −91.918).[21]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau,the city has an area of 15.47 square miles (40.07 km2), of which 13.69 square miles (35.46 km2) is land and 1.78 square miles (4.61 km2) is water.[22]
Menomonie is alongInterstate 94,State Highway 25(which serves as the main north–south thoroughfare through town),State Highway 29,U.S. Highway 12,and Dunn County Road B.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Menomonie, Wisconsin, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 55 (13) |
60 (16) |
82 (28) |
90 (32) |
96 (36) |
98 (37) |
100 (38) |
101 (38) |
96 (36) |
90 (32) |
76 (24) |
64 (18) |
101 (38) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 42.7 (5.9) |
48.4 (9.1) |
62.6 (17.0) |
77.8 (25.4) |
85.4 (29.7) |
89.9 (32.2) |
91.0 (32.8) |
90.1 (32.3) |
86.3 (30.2) |
79.3 (26.3) |
62.3 (16.8) |
47.1 (8.4) |
92.9 (33.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 24.0 (−4.4) |
29.4 (−1.4) |
41.9 (5.5) |
56.4 (13.6) |
68.2 (20.1) |
77.9 (25.5) |
82.0 (27.8) |
79.9 (26.6) |
72.2 (22.3) |
58.9 (14.9) |
42.7 (5.9) |
29.2 (−1.6) |
55.2 (12.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 14.3 (−9.8) |
18.3 (−7.6) |
30.6 (−0.8) |
44.3 (6.8) |
56.3 (13.5) |
66.3 (19.1) |
70.6 (21.4) |
68.3 (20.2) |
60.2 (15.7) |
47.5 (8.6) |
33.1 (0.6) |
20.6 (−6.3) |
44.2 (6.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 4.5 (−15.3) |
7.3 (−13.7) |
19.3 (−7.1) |
32.3 (0.2) |
44.4 (6.9) |
54.8 (12.7) |
59.2 (15.1) |
56.7 (13.7) |
48.2 (9.0) |
36.0 (2.2) |
23.6 (−4.7) |
12.0 (−11.1) |
33.2 (0.7) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −17.8 (−27.7) |
−13.5 (−25.3) |
−1.8 (−18.8) |
18.5 (−7.5) |
30.4 (−0.9) |
41.2 (5.1) |
48.5 (9.2) |
46.4 (8.0) |
33.8 (1.0) |
22.6 (−5.2) |
7.8 (−13.4) |
−9.9 (−23.3) |
−20.2 (−29.0) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −39 (−39) |
−40 (−40) |
−34 (−37) |
4 (−16) |
20 (−7) |
30 (−1) |
41 (5) |
37 (3) |
25 (−4) |
12 (−11) |
−13 (−25) |
−36 (−38) |
−40 (−40) |
| Averageprecipitationinches (mm) | 0.94 (24) |
1.08 (27) |
1.97 (50) |
2.96 (75) |
4.53 (115) |
5.14 (131) |
4.02 (102) |
4.02 (102) |
3.63 (92) |
2.74 (70) |
1.82 (46) |
1.34 (34) |
34.19 (868) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 9.7 (25) |
11.0 (28) |
7.3 (19) |
2.4 (6.1) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
3.5 (8.9) |
6.3 (16) |
40.4 (103.51) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 8.0 | 6.3 | 8.0 | 10.5 | 12.9 | 12.6 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 7.6 | 8.5 | 116.5 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 5.4 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 21.2 |
| Source 1: NOAA[23] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service[24] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 970 | — | |
| 1870 | 2,210 | 127.8% | |
| 1880 | 4,177 | 89.0% | |
| 1890 | 5,491 | 31.5% | |
| 1900 | 5,655 | 3.0% | |
| 1910 | 5,036 | −10.9% | |
| 1920 | 5,104 | 1.4% | |
| 1930 | 5,595 | 9.6% | |
| 1940 | 6,582 | 17.6% | |
| 1950 | 8,245 | 25.3% | |
| 1960 | 8,624 | 4.6% | |
| 1970 | 11,112 | 28.8% | |
| 1980 | 12,769 | 14.9% | |
| 1990 | 13,547 | 6.1% | |
| 2000 | 14,937 | 10.3% | |
| 2010 | 16,264 | 8.9% | |
| 2020 | 16,843 | 3.6% | |
| 2021 (est.) | 16,794 | [3] | −0.3% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | |||
2020 census
editAs of the census[3]of 2020, there were 16,843 people. Thepopulation densitywas 1,229.9 inhabitants per square mile (474.9/km2). There were 6,674 housing units at an average density of 487.3 per square mile (188.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.1%White,4.4%Asian,1.7%BlackorAfrican American,0.5%Native American,0.9% fromother races,and 4.5% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 2.8%HispanicorLatinoof any race.[2]
2010 census
editAs of thecensus[25]of 2010, there were 16,264 people, 5,743 households, and 2,455 families living in the city. Thepopulation densitywas 1,188.0 inhabitants per square mile (458.7/km2). There were 6,234 housing units at an average density of 455.4 per square mile (175.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.9%White,0.8%African American,0.5%Native American,4.2%Asian,0.6% fromother races,and 1.9% from two or more races.HispanicorLatinoof any race were 1.7% of the population.
There were 5,743 households, of which 20.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.9% weremarried couplesliving together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 57.3% were non-families. 36.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.87.
The median age in the city was 23.4 years. 13.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 42% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.5% were from 25 to 44; 14.9% were from 45 to 64; and 11% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.
It is important to remember that a large percentage of the 42% between 18 and 24 were students at the University of Wisconsin-Stout.
2000 census
editAs of the 2000census,[26]there were 14,937 people, 5,119 households, and 2,370 families living in the city. Thepopulation densitywas 1,160.7 people per square mile (448.1/km2). There were 5,441 housing units at an average density of 422.8 per square mile (163.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.79%White,0.76%BlackorAfrican American,0.41%Native American,3.21%Asian,0.01%Pacific Islander,0.64% fromother races,and 1.18% from two or more races. 1.14% of the population wereHispanicorLatinoof any race.
There were 5,119 households, out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.0% weremarried couplesliving together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 53.7% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.95.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 15.5% under the age of 18, 40.4% from 18 to 24, 20.5% from 25 to 44, 12.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $31,103, and the median income for a family was $44,458. Males had a median income of $30,893 versus $21,898 for females. Theper capita incomefor the city was $15,994. About 9.1% of families and 23.5% of the population were below thepoverty line,including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.
Transportation
edit| Headquarters | 640 Stokke Parkway, Menomonie, Wisconsin |
|---|---|
| Locale | Menomonie, Wisconsin |
| Service type | Bus service,paratransit |
| Routes | 2 |
| Fleet | 9 |
| Annual ridership | 94,599 (2022)[27] |
| Website | www |
Dunn County Transit
editDunn County Transit is Menomonie'spublic transportationsystem. It is owned and operated byDunn County.
Services
editThe transit system operates two routes. The Community Route serves Menomonie at large; the Stout Route serves onlyUW-Stoutbut is open to the general public. These routes run as follows:[28]
- Community Route: 7:37am – 4:09pm Monday through Friday and 8:53am – 12:09pm on Saturdays
- Stout Route: 7:17am – 9:09pm Monday through Friday
Ridership
edit| Ridership | Change over previous year | |
|---|---|---|
| 2014[29] | 159,088 | n/a |
| 2015[30] | 153,606 |  3.45%
|
| 2016[31] | 133,776 | 12.91%
|
| 2017[32] | 111,208 | 16.87%
|
| 2018[33] | 114,652 |  3.1%
|
| 2019[34] | 135,194 | 17.92%
|
| 2020[35] | 98,821 | 26.9%
|
| 2021[36] | 29,697 | 69.95%
|
| 2022[27] | 94,599 | 218.55%
|
Menomonie Municipal Airport(KLUM) serves the city and surrounding communities.
Education
edit
Menomonie schools are part of theMenomonie Area School District.
The city has one public high school,Menomonie High School,and one public middle school, Menomonie Middle School. There are five public elementary schools in the district: River Heights Elementary, Wakanda Elementary, Oaklawn Elementary, Downsville Elementary, and Knapp Elementary.
St. Paul's Lutheran School is a Christian Pre-K–8 school of theWisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod(WELS) in Menomonie.[37]
The city is home to theUniversity of Wisconsin–Stoutand a campus ofChippewa Valley Technical College.
Jail
editDunn County Jail is on Menomonie's eastern edge. It houses sentenced and non-sentenced, male and female inmates. As of July 2020, there are just over 80 inmates.[38]
Media
edit- The Menomonie Times,a weekly newspaper published 1876–1909,LCCNsn86-86695
- The Menomonie Badger,a weekly newspaper published in 1903 and 1904[39]
- The Dunn County News
Honors
editIn 2012, Menomonie was ranked #15 inSmithsonian's "The 20 Best Small Towns in America".[40]
Notable people
edit- Stewart J. Bailey,Wisconsin legislator[41]
- Bill Bakke,ski jumperwho competed in the1968 Winter Olympics[42]
- G. H. Bakke,Wisconsin legislator[43]
- Alvin J. Baldus,U.S. Representative[44]
- Wilfred Duford,NFLplayer[45]
- Rockwell J. Flint,Wisconsin state legislator and newspaper editor[46]
- Vern Fuller,MLBplayer[47]
- Neil Gaiman,writer and screenwriter, has lived near Menomonie since 1992[48]
- John Paul Gerber,author and historian[49]
- Wilson Hall, half of the comedy duoGod's Pottery
- Tim Harmston,stand-up comedian[50]
- Lorenzo D. Harvey,educator[51]
- Luke Helder,University of Wisconsin—Stout student who attempted to create a smiley-face on the US map with pipe bombs[52]
- Ethan Iverson,jazz pianist and founding member ofThe Bad Plus
- Warren S. Johnson,founder ofJohnson Controlsand former school principal in Menomonie[53]in the late 19th century
- Ellen Kort,Wisconsin's first Poet Laureate,[54]grew up in Menomonie[55]
- Reynold Kraft,NFLplayer[56]
- Tim Krumrie,Pro Bowl(1987–1988),nose tacklefor theCincinnati Bengals
- Robert Macauley,Wisconsin legislator and jurist[57]
- Harry Miller,"the greatest creative figure in the history of the American racing car"[58]
- Tom Neumann,professional football player[59]
- Marvin Panch,stock car racingdriver, winner of 1961Daytona 500
- Sewell A. Peterson,politician
- Joe Plouff,politician
- Charles Sanna,inventorofSwiss Missinstanthot chocolate[60]
- Richard Shoemaker,Wisconsin legislator[61]
- Nate Stanley,NFLplayer
- Earl L. Stendahl,art dealer
- James Huff Stout,legislator and businessman[62]
- Jeremiah Burnham Tainter,engineer[63]
- Tom Wiedenbauer,Major League Baseballoutfielderandfirst-base coachfor theCleveland Indians
- Aaron Yonda,comedy video producer[64]
Notable attractions
edit- The Mabel Tainter Theater[65]
- Hoffman Hills State Recreation Area[66]
- Red Cedar State Trail[67]
In popular culture
edit- Caddie Woodlawn,aNewbery Award-winning novel, is based on the girlhood adventures ofCaroline Augusta Woodhouse,who lived about 10 miles south of Menomonie. The novel is by Woodhouse's granddaughter,Carol Ryrie Brink,and was published in 1936. There is a historical marker in the wayside park near the Woodhouse house.[68]
- The fictional town of Lakeside inNeil Gaiman's novelAmerican Godsmay be based on Menomonie.[69]
- The eighth episode ofseason 11of the television showSupernaturaltakes place in Menomonie.[70]
- Holloway Roberts fromMark Z. Danielewski'sHouse of Leaveswas born in Menomonie. He uses this fact as a mantra throughout his narrative.
Sister cities
editMenomonie has twosister cityrelationships:[71]
Nasukarasuyama,Japan
Konakovo,Russia
See also
editReferences
edit- ^"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedAugust 7,2020.
- ^abc"2020 Decennial Census: Menomonie city, Wisconsin".data.census.gov.U.S. Census Bureau.RetrievedJuly 6,2022.
- ^abc"US Census Bureau".
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- ^"Find a County".National Association of Counties.RetrievedJune 7,2011.
- ^A History of the Origin of the Place Names Connected with the Chicago & North Western and Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railways.Chicago and North Western Railway Company.1908. p. 160 – via Google Books.
- ^"Archaeology in Trempealeau, Wisconsin".Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center.Archived fromthe originalon December 31, 2020.RetrievedDecember 31,2020.
- ^abcd"A Menomonie Timeline".Dunn History.Archived fromthe originalon March 27, 2019.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^Cormier, Louis-Philippe (2003)."Perrault, Jean-Baptiste".Dictionary of Canadian Biography.Vol. 7. University of Toronto/Université Laval.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^ab"The History of Menomonie".Menomonie.com.Archived fromthe originalon March 24, 2015.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"A Menomonie Timeline: 1830s".Dunn History.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^Bailey, W. F. (1914).History of Eau Claire county, Wisconsin, past and present; including an account of the cities, towns and villages of the county.Chicago: C. F. Cooper.
- ^ab"A Menomonie Timeline: 1840s".Dunn History.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^Curtiss-Wedge, F.; Jones, Geo. O., eds. (1925)."Chapter X: The Knapp Stout & Co. company".History of Dunn County, Wisconsin.H.C. Cooper, Jr. & Co. p. 62.RetrievedOctober 31,2016– via The State of Wisconsin Collection.
- ^"The Wilson Place".Dunn History.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"Tainter, Andrew, Capt. (b.1823), Chippewa County, Wisconsin Biographical Records".WI Clark County History.org.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"A Menomonie Timeline: 1850s".Dunn History.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"A Menomonie Timeline: 1880s".Dunn History.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"What's in a Name?".University of Wisconsin–Stout.Archived fromthe originalon April 13, 2012.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"A Menomonie Timeline: 1900s".Dunn History.Archived fromthe originalon October 8, 2020.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
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- ^"US Gazetteer files 2010".United States Census Bureau.Archived fromthe originalon January 25, 2012.RetrievedNovember 18,2012.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Menomonie, WI".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedMarch 8,2023.
- ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Minneapolis".National Weather Service.RetrievedMarch 8,2023.
- ^"U.S. Census website".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedNovember 18,2012.
- ^"U.S. Census website".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 31,2008.
- ^ab"2022 Annual Agency Profile"(PDF).Federal Transit Administration.Dunn County Transit Commission.
- ^"Community Route"(PDF).Dunn County, Wisconsin.Dunn County Transit Commission. June 1, 2021.
- ^"2014 Annual Agency Profile"(PDF).Federal Transit Administration.Dunn County Transit Commission.
- ^"2015 Annual Agency Profile"(PDF).Federal Transit Administration.Dunn County Transit Commission.
- ^"2016 Annual Agency Profile"(PDF).Federal Transit Administration.Dunn County Transit Commission.
- ^"2017 Annual Agency Profile"(PDF).Federal Transit Administration.Dunn County Transit Commission.
- ^"2018 Annual Agency Profile"(PDF).Federal Transit Administration.Dunn County Transit Commission.
- ^"2019 Annual Agency Profile"(PDF).Federal Transit Administration.Dunn County Transit Commission.
- ^"2020 Annual Agency Profile"(PDF).Federal Transit Administration.Dunn County Transit Commission.
- ^"2021 Annual Agency Profile"(PDF).Federal Transit Administration.Dunn County Transit Commission.
- ^"St. Paul's Christian Day School".
- ^"Dunn County Jail".Dunn County.RetrievedJuly 27,2020.
- ^"About The Menomonie Badger (Menomonie, Wis.) 1903-1904".Chronicling America.Library of Congress.RetrievedDecember 26,2013.
- ^Spano, Susan; Shen, Aviva (April 30, 2012)."The 20 Best Small Towns in America of 2012".Smithsonian Magazine.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin.1889. p. 506.
- ^Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen;Mallon, Bill;et al."Menomonie, Wisconsin".Olympics at Sports-Reference.com.Sports Reference LLC.Archived fromthe originalon April 18, 2020.RetrievedMay 23,2013.
- ^Toepel, M. G.; Kuehn, Hazel L., eds. (1952)."Members of the Legislature".The Wisconsin Blue Book.RetrievedOctober 31,2016– via The State of Wisconsin Collection.
- ^Kestenbaum, Lawrence."The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Bakerhine to Baldus".Political Graveyard.com.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"Dukes Duford Stats".Pro-Football-Reference.com.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"Biographical Sketch of Rockwell J. Flint".Wisconsin Blue Book.1882. p. 537.
- ^"Vern Fuller Statistics and History".Baseball-Reference.com.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"Neil Gaiman".IMDb.com.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
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- ^Anderson, Deb (November 25, 2009)."Comedy rocks Mabel Tainter".Chippewa Herald.Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin.RetrievedApril 28,2020.
- ^Kestenbaum, Lawrence."The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Harvey".Political Graveyard.com.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"Federal charges brought against accused mailbox bomber".CNN.com.May 10, 2002. Archived fromthe originalon September 8, 2008.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"Warren S. Johnson".Wisconsin Historical Society.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"Ellen Kort | Wisconsin Poet Laureate Commission".
- ^"Ellen Kort Obituary (2015) Appleton Post-Crescent".Legacy.com.April 21, 2015.
- ^"Reynold Kraft Stats".Pro-Football-Reference.com.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"Biographical Sketch of Robert Macauley".Proceedings of the State Bar Association of Wisconsin.Wisconsin Bar Association. 1907. pp. 297–298.
- ^"Harry Miller, Automotive Genius".discover-net.net.Archived fromthe originalon August 6, 2012.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"Tom Neumann Stats".Pro-Football-Reference.com.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^Roberts, Sam (April 2, 2019)."Charles Sanna, Man Behind Swiss Miss Cocoa, Dies at 101".The New York Times.RetrievedApril 12,2019.
- ^"Biographical Sketch of Richard Shoemaker".Wisconsin Blue Book.1989–1990. p. 40.
- ^"A Short Biography: James Huff Stout".University of Wisconsin-Stout.Archived fromthe originalon September 29, 2011.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"The Tainter Gate".Dunn History.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"Improv Shows & Classes in Madison, WI".Monkey Business Institute.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"| Menomonie's Historic Theater ideal for entertainment, weddings, business meetings and tours".RetrievedAugust 29,2019.
- ^"Hoffman Hills State Recreation Area | Travel Wisconsin".TravelWisconsin.RetrievedAugust 29,2019.
- ^"Red Cedar State Trail (Menomonie) - 2019 All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (with Photos)".TripAdvisor.RetrievedAugust 29,2019.
- ^"Caddie Woodlawn".Historical Marker Project.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
- ^"American Gods Roadtrip".Arteries of America.July 4, 2011.RetrievedFebruary 17,2021.
- ^"11.08 Just My Imagination - Super-wiki".www.supernaturalwiki.com.RetrievedFebruary 17,2021.
- ^"Menomonie's Japanese sister city affected by earthquake".Chippewa Herald.April 20, 2011.RetrievedSeptember 6,2020.
Further reading
edit- Shaw, Adele Marie (1904)."The Ideal Schools of Menomonie".The World's Work.
External links
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