Messier 84orM84,also known asNGC 4374,is a giantellipticalorlenticular galaxyin theconstellationVirgo.Charles Messierdiscovered the object in 1781[a]in a systematic search for "nebulous objects" in the night sky.[7]It is the 84th object in theMessier Catalogueand in the heavily populated core of theVirgo Cluster of galaxies,part of thelocal supercluster.[8]
| Messier84 | |
|---|---|
 Galaxy Messier 84 in Virgo, imaged by theHubble Space Telescope | |
| Observation data (J2000epoch) | |
| Constellation | Virgo |
| Right ascension | 12h25m03.74333s[1] |
| Declination | +12° 53′ 13.1393″[1] |
| Redshift | 1,060±6 km/s[2] |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 999[3]km/s |
| Distance | 54.9Mly(16.83Mpc)[3] |
| Apparent magnitude(V) | 9.1[4] |
| Absolute magnitude(V) | −22.41±0.10[5] |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | E1[5] |
| Apparent size(V) | 6.5′× 5.6′[2] |
| Half-light radius(apparent) | 72.5″±6″[5] |
| Other designations | |
| M84,NGC4374,PGC40455,UGC7494, VCC 763[6] | |
This galaxy hasmorphological classificationE1, denoting it hasflatteningof about 10%. Theextinction-corrected totalluminosityin thevisual bandis about7.64×1010L☉.The central mass-to-light ratio is 6.5, which, to a limit, steadily increases away from the core. The visible galaxy is surrounded by a massivedark matterhalo.[5]
Radio observations andHubble Space Telescopeimages of M84 have revealed two jets of matter shooting out from its center as well as a disk of rapidly rotating gas and stars indicating the presence of a 1.5×109M☉[9]supermassiveblack hole.It also has a few young stars andstar clusters,indicatingstar formationat a very low rate.[10]The number ofglobular clustersis1,775±150,which is much lower than expected for an elliptical galaxy.[11]
Viewed from Earth its half-light radius, relative angular size of its 50% peak of lit zone of the sky, is72.5″,thus just over anarcminute.
Twosupernovaehave been observed in M84:SN 1957B[12] andSN 1991bg.[13]Seen between these dates, it may have bore a third,SN 1980I– which may have been in either neighboring galaxyNGC 4387orM86.[14]This high rate of supernovae is rare for elliptical galaxies, which may indicate there is a population of stars of intermediate age in M84.[11]
See also
editReferences and footnotes
edit- ^abLambert, S. B.; Gontier, A.-M. (January 2009)."On radio source selection to define a stable celestial frame".Astronomy and Astrophysics.493(1): 317–323.Bibcode:2009A&A...493..317L.doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810582.
- ^ab"NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database".Results for NGC 4374.Retrieved2006-11-14.
- ^abTully, R. Brent; et al. (August 2016)."Cosmicflows-3".The Astronomical Journal.152(2): 21.arXiv:1605.01765.Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T.doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50.S2CID250737862.50.
- ^"Messier 84".SEDS Messier Catalog.Retrieved30 April2022.
- ^abcdNapolitano, N. R.; et al. (March 2011)."The PN.S Elliptical Galaxy Survey: a standard ΛCDM halo around NGC 4374?".Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.411(3): 2035–2053.arXiv:1010.1533.Bibcode:2011MNRAS.411.2035N.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17833.x.S2CID52221902.
- ^"M 84".SIMBAD.Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.Retrieved2009-12-17.
- ^Jones, K. G. (1991).Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters(2nd ed.). Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-0-521-37079-0.
- ^Finoguenov, A.; Jones, C. (2002). "Chandra Observation of Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in the Elliptical Galaxy M84".Astrophysical Journal.574(2): 754–761.arXiv:astro-ph/0204046.Bibcode:2002ApJ...574..754F.doi:10.1086/340997.S2CID17551432.
- ^Bower, G.A.; et al. (1998). "Kinematics of the Nuclear Ionized Gas in the Radio Galaxy M84 (NGC 4374)".Astrophysical Journal.492(1): 111–114.arXiv:astro-ph/9710264.Bibcode:1998ApJ...492L.111B.doi:10.1086/311109.S2CID119456112.
- ^Ford, Alyson; Bregman, J. N. (2012). "Detection of Ongoing, Low-Level Star Formation in Nearby Ellipticals".American Astronomical Society.219:102.03.Bibcode:2012AAS...21910203F.
- ^abGómez, M.; Richtler, T. (February 2004). "The globular cluster system of NGC 4374".Astronomy and Astrophysics.415(2): 499–508.arXiv:1703.00313.Bibcode:2004A&A...415..499G.doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034610.
- ^Götz, W. (1958)."Supernova in NGC 4374 (= M 84)".Astronomische Nachrichten.284(3): 141–142.Bibcode:1958AN....284..141G.doi:10.1002/asna.19572840308.
- ^Kosai, H.; et al. (1958). "Supernova 1991bg in NGC 4374".IAU Circular.5400:1.Bibcode:1991IAUC.5400....1K.
- ^Smith, H. A. (1981)."The spectrum of the intergalactic supernova 1980I".Astronomical Journal.86:998–1002.Bibcode:1981AJ.....86..998S.doi:10.1086/112975.
- ^on 18 March
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