Wikipedia

Michael Stipe

John Michael Stipe(/ˈstaɪp/;born January 4, 1960) is an American singer, songwriter and artist, best known as the lead singer andlyricistof thealternative rockbandR.E.M.

Michael Stipe
A close-up of Stipe holding a microphone
Stipe in 2008
Background information
Birth nameJohn Michael Stipe
Born(1960-01-04)January 4, 1960(age 65)
Decatur, Georgia,U.S.
Genres
Occupations
  • Singer
  • songwriter
  • producer
  • visual artist
  • director
Years active1980–present
Formerly ofR.E.M.
Signature

Stipe was born in Metro Atlanta in January 1960. Due to his father's military commission, his family moved constantly, with Stipe spending part of his childhood inWest Germanybefore finishing high school in suburbanSt Louis.Stipe attended theUniversity of GeorgiainAthens,where he became involved in the localcollege rockandjangle popscene. He formed R.E.M. after meeting his bandmates at the university and soon dropped out to pursue music with them. The band issued its debut single, "Radio Free Europe,"and subsequently signed toI.R.S. Records,meeting wide acclaim and soon great commercial success.

Possessing a distinctive voice, Stipe has been noted for the "mumbling" style of his early career. Since the mid-1980s, Stipe has sung in "wailing, keening, arching vocal figures" that R.E.M. biographer David Buckley compared toCeltic folkartists andMuslimmuezzin.[2]He was in charge of R.E.M.'s visual aspect, often selecting album artwork and directing many of the band's music videos. Outside the music industry, he owns and runs two film production studios, C-00 and Single Cell Pictures.

As a member of R.E.M., Stipe was inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Famein 2007. As a singer-songwriter, Stipe influenced a wide range of artists, includingKurt CobainofNirvanaandThom YorkeofRadiohead.[3]BonoofU2has described his voice as "extraordinary",[4][5]and Yorke toldThe Guardianthat Stipe is his favorite lyricist, saying "I loved the way he would take an emotion and then take a step back from it and in doing so make it so much more powerful".[6]

Early life and education

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Stipe was born on January 4, 1960, inDecatur, Georgia,[7]to Marianne and John Stipe.[8]He was amilitary brat;his father was a serviceman in theUnited States Army,having served inKoreaas a helicopter pilot. The elder Stipe's career resulted in frequent relocations for his family.[9]His younger sister,Lynda Stipe,was born in 1962 and became the vocalist ofHetch Hetchy.[10][11]Stipe and his family moved to various locales during his childhood, includingWest Germany,Texas,Illinois,andAlabama.[12][13]In 1978, he graduated from high school inCollinsville, Illinois,in suburbanSt. Louis.His senior photo is pictured in the album art work ofEponymous.Stipe also worked at the localWaffle House.[14]Previous generations of his family wereMethodistministers.[15]

At age 14, Stipe was turned on to punk rock by an article inCreemmagazine byLisa Robinsonon theCBGBscene. The article featured a photo ofPatti Smith,whom Stipe came to idolize. He remembers buying her debut album,Horses,the day it came out. "Since then, I never looked back."[16]

Career

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Boat Of

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In the early 1980s, Stipe played in the group Boat Of with Tom Smith, who would later found the groups Peach of Immortality and To Live and Shave in LA. Also in Boat Of were Carol Levy and Mike Green.[17][18][19]

R.E.M.

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Main article:R.E.M.

While attending theUniversity of GeorgiainAthens,Stipe frequented theWuxtry record shop,where he met store clerkPeter Buckin 1980.[20]"He was a striking-looking guy and he also bought weird records, which not everyone in the store did," Buck recalled. The two became friends; they eventually decided to form a band[21]and started writing music together,[22]although at the time Stipe was also in a local group named Gangster.[23]Buck and Stipe were soon joined byBill BerryandMike Mills,and named themselves R.E.M., a name Stipe selected at random from a dictionary.[24]Stipe was the youngest member of the band.

All four members of R.E.M. dropped out of school in 1980 to focus on the new band.[25]Stipe was the last to do so. The band issued its debut single, "Radio Free Europe,"onHib-Tone;it was acollege radiosuccess. The band signed toI.R.S. Recordsfor the release of theChronic TownEPone year later. In 1983, R.E.M. released its debut album,Murmur,which was acclaimed by critics. Stipe's vocals and lyrics received particular attention from listeners.[2]Murmurwent on to win theRolling StoneCritics Poll Album of the Year overMichael Jackson'sThriller.Their second album,Reckoning,followed in 1984.

In 1985, R.E.M. traveled to England to record their third album,Fables of the Reconstruction,a difficult process that brought the band to the verge of a break up.[26]After the album was released, relationships in the band remained tense. Gaining weight and acting eccentrically (such as by shaving his hair into a monk's tonsure), Stipe later identified himself as suffering from depression and exhaustion during this period, saying "I was well on my way to losing my mind."[27][28]

They toured in Canada and throughout Europe that year; Stipe had bleached his hair blond during this time.[29][30]

Bill Berry left R.E.M. in 1997, and the other members continued as a three-piece. R.E.M. disbanded amicably in 2011. Stipe confirmed in 2021 that they had no plans to reunite.[31]

Projects

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In September 1983, a few months after the release of R.E.M.'s debut album, Stipe participated in a low-budget, forty-five-minuteSuper-8film calledJust Like a Movie,shot in Athens byNew York Rockermagazine photographer Laura Levine, who was a friend of the band. Those with acting roles in the film included Levine, Stipe, his sister Lynda,Matthew Sweet(who formed a short-lived duo,Community Trolls,with Michael Stipe),[32]and R.E.M.'s Bill Berry.[33]The film remains unreleased.

In the period between 1990 and 1992, Stipe was involved with the bandChickasaw Mudd Puppies.He co-produced and featured on their two albums:White Dirt(1990) and8 Track Stomp(1991).[34]

Stipe had planned a collaboration with friendKurt Cobain,lead singer ofNirvana,in 1994; this was partly an attempt to lure Cobain away from his home and his drug addiction. However, they did not manage to compose or record anything beforeCobain's death.Stipe was chosen as the godfather of Cobain andCourtney Love's daughter,Frances Bean Cobain.R.E.M. recorded the song "Let Me In" from the 1994 albumMonsterin tribute to Cobain.[35]In 2023, Stipe would officiate the younger Cobain's wedding toRiley Hawk.[36]

Stipe in 1998

Stipe was once very close to fellowalternative rocksingerNatalie Merchantand has recorded a few songs with her, including one titled "Photograph," which appeared on a pro-choice benefit album titledBorn to Choose,and they appeared live withPeter Gabrielsinging Gabriel's single "Red Rain"at the 1996VH1Honors and a few other times.[37]

Stipe andTori Amosbecame friends in the mid-1990s and recorded a duet in 1994 called "It Might Hurt a Bit" for theDon Juan DeMarcomotion picture soundtrack. Both Stipe and Amos decided not to release it.

In 1998, Stipe published a collection calledTwo Times Intro: On the Road with Patti Smith.In 2006, Stipe released an EP that comprised six different cover versions ofJoseph Arthur's "In The Sun"for theHurricane Katrina disaster relieffund. One version, recorded in a collaboration withColdplay'sChris Martin,reached number one on the Canadian Singles Chart.[38]Also in 2006, Stipe appeared on the song "Broken Promise" on thePlaceboreleaseMeds.Continuing his non-R.E.M. work in 2006, Stipe sang the song "L'Hôtel" on the tribute album toSerge GainsbourgtitledMonsieur Gainsbourg Revisitedand appeared on the song "Dancing on the Lip of a Volcano" on theNew York DollsalbumOne Day It Will Please Us to Remember Even This.He recorded a song withMiguel Boséon the albumPapito,"Lo que ves es lo que hay."

Stipe performing with R.E.M. in 2008.

Stipe collaborated withLacostein 2008 to release his own "holiday collector edition" brand ofpolo shirt.The design depicts a concert audience from the view of the performer on stage.[39]He appeared withChris MartinofColdplaylive atMadison Square Gardenand online to perform "Losing My Religion"in the12-12-12 concertraising money for relief fromHurricane Sandy.[40]A new recording from Stipe and featuringCourtney Lovewas revealed in 2013. The song, "Rio Grande," is taken fromJohnny Depp's pirate-themed album,Son of Rogue's Gallery.[41]Stipe also created the soundtrack forThe Cold Lands(2013), a film by Stipe's friend directorTom Gilroy.[42]

Stipe inducted the American grunge bandNirvanainto the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 10, 2014.[43]He debuted his first solo composition atMoogfestin 2017.[44]In June 2017, it was revealed that Stipe had returned to recording, acting as producer and co-writer forFischerspooner's single "Have Fun Tonight", the lead single from their albumSir.[45]Stipe would go on to produce and co-write the entireSiralbum, released on February 16, 2018.[46]Stipe released the solo song "Future, If Future" on March 24, 2018,[47]followed by "Your Capricious Soul" on October 5, 2019.[48]"Drive to the Ocean" was released for his 60th birthday on January 4, 2020.[49]

Photography has long been a passion for Stipe and he has been carrying a camera with him since his teenage years when he photographed shows featuringRamones,The RunawaysandQueen.[50]In 2018, Stipe released a book of his photography entitledVolume 1,[51]which featured 35 photographs of such celebrities asRiver Phoenixand Kurt Cobain.[50]A second volume withDouglas Coupland,Our Interference Times: A Visual Record,was released in 2019.[52]

In 2019, Stipe collaborated withAaron DessnerandJustin Vernon's bandBig Red Machineon the single "No Time For Love Like Now." The song was finished and released in 2020 during theCOVID-19 pandemic.[53]

Stipe began recording his first solo album atElectric Lady Studiosin New York City in 2023, writing and producing "synth-infused, poppy" songs with longtime collaboratorAndy LeMaster.[54]

Film and television work

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Stipe at the 2007Tribeca Film Festival

In early 1987, Stipe and Jim McKay co-founded C-00 Films,[20]a mixed-media company that was "designed to channel its founder's creative talents towards the creation and promotion of alternative film works."[55]Stipe and his producing partner,Sandy Stern,have served as executive producers on films includingBeing John Malkovich,Velvet Goldmine,andMan on the Moon.[56]He was also credited as a producer of the 2004 filmSaved![57]

In 1998, he worked on Single Cell Pictures, a film production company that released several arthouse/indie movies.

Stipe has made a number of acting appearances on film and on television. He appeared in an episode ofThe Adventures of Pete & Peteas an ice cream man named Captain Scrummy.[58]

Stipe has appeared as himself with R.E.M. onSesame Street,playing a reworked version of "Shiny Happy People"titled" Furry Happy Monsters ", and appeared in an episode ofThe Simpsonstitled "Homer the Moe",in which R.E.M. was tricked into playing a show inHomer Simpson's garage. He also appeared as a guest on theCartoon Networktalk show spoofSpace Ghost Coast to Coastin the episode "Hungry". Stipe made several short appearances onThe Colbert Report.

Stipe voiced Schnitzel the Reindeer in the 1999 movieOlive, the Other Reindeerand appeared in the 1996 filmColor of a Brisk and Leaping Day.[59][60]

Political activism

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Stipe encouraging fellow residents ofNew York Cityto divest fromfossil fuelsin 2017

In March 2006, Stipe, along with other musicians, held a protest concert against the Iraq War.[61][62] In March 2018, Stipe joined the "March for Our Lives"rallies to advocategun controlafter theMarjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting.He also released a teaser of his new song in the rally.[63][64]

In a 2021 interview forJacobin,Stipe described himself as ademocratic socialist,and said that he was a member of theDemocratic Partyso he could vote in Democratic primaries.[65]He endorsedBernie Sanders'2016and2020presidential campaigns.[66][67]

Stipe expressed solidarity with the people of theGaza Stripduring the2023 Israel–Hamas war.He signed an October 2023 open letter of artists to PresidentJoe Bidenurging a ceasefire in Gaza.[68]

Personal life

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Stipe is vegetarian and co-owned a vegetarian restaurant, Guaranteed, inAthens, Georgia.[20]Though many people think he also owned The Grit, he was the landlord of the building and not the restaurant owner. He lives with his long-term partner, photographer Thomas Dozol, inNew YorkandBerlin.[69][70]

In 1983, Stipe metNatalie Merchantof the band10,000 Maniacs;the two started a friendship, and eventually had a romantic relationship for a period of time.[71]

With the success of the albumsOut of Time(1991) andAutomatic for the People(1992), R.E.M. became mainstream music stars. Around 1992, rumors that Stipe had contractedHIVbegan to circulate. He responded with the following:

Not that I can tell. I wore a hat that said "White House Stop AIDS." I'm skinny. I've always been skinny, except in 1985 when I looked likeMarlon Brando,the last time I shaved my head. I was really sick then. Eating potatoes. I think AIDS hysteria would obviously and naturally extend to people who are media figures and anybody of indecipherable or unpronounced sexuality. Anybody who looks gaunt, for whatever reason. Anybody who is associated, for whatever reason – whether it's a hat, or the way I carry myself – as being queer-friendly.[72]

In 1994, with questions remaining, Stipe described himself as "an equal opportunitylech,"and said he did not define himself asgay,straightorbisexual,but that he was attracted to, and had relationships with, both men and women. In 1995, he appeared on the cover ofOutmagazine.Stipe described himself as a "queerartist "inTimein 2001 and revealed that he had been in a relationship with "an amazing man" for three years at that point.[73]Stipe reiterated this in a 2004 interview withButtmagazine.When asked if he ever declares himself as gay, Stipe stated, "I don't. I think there's a line drawn between gay and queer, and for me, queer describes something that's more inclusive of the grey areas."[74]

In 1999, authorDouglas A. Martinpublished a novel,Outline of My Lover,in which the narrator has a six-year romantic relationship with the unnamed lead singer of a successful Athens, Georgia-based, rock band; the book was widely speculated, and later confirmed by its author, to have been aroman à clefbased on a real relationship between Martin and Stipe.[75][76]The two had previously collaborated on two books, both in 1998:The Haiku Year(for which the two had both contributedhaikus)[77]and Martin's book of poetryServicing the Salamander(for which Stipe took the cover photograph).

Musical style

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Stipe with R.E.M. performing at Langerado, 2008

Stipe has abaritonevocal range.[78]His role in the songwriting process for R.E.M. was to write lyrics and devise melodies.[79]While each member was given an equal vote in the songwriting process, Peter Buck has conceded that Stipe, as the band's lyricist, could rarely be persuaded to follow an idea he did not favor.[80]Stipe sings in "wailing, keening, arching vocal figures" that R.E.M. biographer David Buckley compared toCeltic folkartists andMuslimmuezzin.[2]Stipe often harmonizes with Mills in songs; in the chorus for "Stand", Mills and Stipe alternate singing lyrics, creating a dialogue.[81]Early articles about the band focused on Stipe's singing style (described as "mumbling" byThe Washington Post), which often rendered his lyrics indecipherable.[82]Stipe commented in 1984, "It's just the way I sing. If I tried to control it, it would be pretty false."[83]

Stipe atGlastonbury Festivalwith his "Goblin" make up

Stipe has earned recognition from the music industry for his unique voice.Bonoremarked in 2003 that Stipe has an "extraordinary voice," adding "I often tell him I think he's acrooner,and he doesn't like that very much. But it is sort of one part some sort ofBing Crosby'50s laid-back crooner, and one partDolly Parton."[4]In 2023,Rolling Stoneranked Stipe at number 152 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.[84]

Stipe insisted that many of his early lyrics were "nonsense," saying in a 1994 online chat, "You all know there aren't words,per se,to a lot of the early stuff. I can't even remember them. "In truth, many early R.E.M. songs had definite lyrics that Stipe wrote with care.[85]Stipe explained in 1984 that when he started writing lyrics they were like "simple pictures," but after a year he grew tired of the approach and "started experimenting with lyrics that didn't make exact linear sense, and it's just gone from there."[83]In the mid-1980s, as Stipe's pronunciation while singing became clearer, the band decided that its lyrics should convey ideas on a more literal level.[86]Mills explained, "After you've made three records and you've written several songs and they've gotten better and better lyrically the next step would be to have somebody question you and say, are you saying anything? And Michael had the confidence at that point to say yes...."[87]After what Stipe has referred to as "The Dark Ages of American Politics" [The Reagan/Bush Years], R.E.M. incorporated more politically oriented concerns into his lyrics onDocumentandGreen."Our political activism and the content of the songs was just a reaction to where we were, and what we were surrounded by, which was just abject horror," Stipe said later. "In 1987 and '88 there was nothing to do but be active."[88]While Stipe continued to write songs with political subject matter like "Ignoreland" and "Final Straw," later albums have focused on other topics.Automatic for the Peopledealt with "mortality and dying. Pretty turgid stuff," according to Stipe;[72]Monster,meanwhile, critiqued love and mass culture,[88]andRevealdipped into mysticism.

Discography

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For releases with R.E.M., seeR.E.M. discography.

Solo releases

Guest appearances

Production In addition to co-producing most of R.E.M.'s output, Stipe has also produced the following:

Books

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  • Michael Stipe: Volume 1.Damiani, 2018.ISBN9788862085915.Contains 35 photographs.[50]
  • Our Interference Times: A Visual Record.WithDouglas Coupland.Damiani, 2019.ISBN978-8862086783.[52]
  • Michael Stipe: Michael Stipe.Damiani, 2021.ISBN9788862087384.
  • Even the Birds Gave Pause.Damiani. 2023.ISBN9788862088145.

References

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  1. ^Stipe, Carrey Duet On R.E.M. – Penned Soundtrack
    MTV.com
    Retrieved June 20, 2016
  2. ^abcBuckley, p. 87
  3. ^Fricke, David (October 24, 2011)."'The One I Love': Radiohead's Thom Yorke on the Mystery and Influence of R.E.M. "Rolling Stone.Archived fromthe originalon August 26, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 16,2018.
  4. ^abThe South Bank Show,May 12, 2003.
  5. ^"U2 Like REM like U2 like REM".U2.April 3, 2001.RetrievedAugust 3,2017.
  6. ^Adams, Tim; @TimAdamsWrites (February 23, 2013)."Thom Yorke: 'If I can't enjoy this now, when do I start?'".The Observer.ISSN0029-7712.RetrievedFebruary 10,2024.
  7. ^"Michael Stipe: Songwriter, Singer, Activist, Music Producer (1960–)".Biography.com.Archived fromthe originalon July 3, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 15,2018.
  8. ^From Cradle to Stage: Stories from the Mothers Who Rocked and Raised Rock Stars– Virginia Hanlon Grohl (2017)
  9. ^Fricke, David (March 5, 1992)."Artist of the Year: R.E.M.'s Michael Stipe on the Band's First Decade".Rolling Stone.RetrievedJanuary 15,2018.
  10. ^Gross, Jason."Lynda Stipe: Oh OK".Perfect Sound Forever.Archived fromthe originalon July 19, 2001.RetrievedSeptember 13,2014.
  11. ^Hull, Shelton (December 27, 2017)."Oh, Henry! Rollins returns to Northeast Florida, bringing the whole world along".Folio Weekly.RetrievedJanuary 15,2017.
  12. ^Schonfeld, Zach (November 2, 2017)."Michael Stipe Reflects on R.E.M.'s 'Automatic for the People': 'It was F--king Dark Times'".Newsweek.RetrievedJanuary 15,2018.
  13. ^O'Hagan, Sean (March 5, 2011)."Michael Stipe: 'I often find myself at a loss for words'".The Guardian.RetrievedJanuary 15,2018.
  14. ^Millitzer, Joe (June 5, 2015)."REM's Michael Stipe surfaces in St. Louis Rocky Horror Picture Show report".Fox 2 St. Louis.RetrievedJanuary 15,2018.
  15. ^"R.E.M. Tackles Songs of Faith and Revenge".Morning Edition.NPR.March 24, 2008.RetrievedJanuary 15,2018.
  16. ^Jesse Thorn (May 24, 2022)."Michael Stipe: Michael Stipe on his new music, photography and more".npr.org(Podcast). Maximum Fun. Event occurs at 16:03.RetrievedMay 28,2022.I looked at that photo and said, "Wow," that's where I want to be.
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  19. ^Masters, Marc (January 22, 2022)."Tom Smith, founding member of noise band To Live and Shave in L.A., has died at 65".NPR Music.RetrievedNovember 26,2023.
  20. ^abcGill, Andy (March 5, 1991). "The Home Guard".Q Magazine.55:56–61.
  21. ^Buckley, p. 24
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  25. ^Buckley, p. 43
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  27. ^Cameron, Keith. "Captains of Industry".Mojo.July 2003
  28. ^Jesse Thorn (May 24, 2022)."Michael Stipe: Michael Stipe on his new music, photography and more".npr.org(Podcast). Maximum Fun. Event occurs at 34:10.RetrievedMay 28,2022.
  29. ^Erlewine, Stephen Thomas."Artist Biography".AllMusic.RetrievedJanuary 1,2015.Stipe, whose on-stage behavior was always slightly strange, entered his most bizarre phase, as he put on weight, dyed his hair bleached blonde, and wore countless layers of clothing.
  30. ^Archived atGhostarchiveand theWayback Machine:Thompkins, Tim (August 29, 2007)."Michael Stipe (R.E.M.) Interview (1985)".Murmurs.com /YouTube.RetrievedJanuary 1,2015.
  31. ^Triscari, Caleb (September 22, 2021)."Michael Stipe confirms R.E.M. will never reunite".NME.RetrievedSeptember 13,2022.
  32. ^"To Understand: The Early Recordings of Matthew Sweet: Music".Amazon.RetrievedAugust 1,2013.
  33. ^Jovanovic 2006,p. 74
  34. ^Aston, Martin (March 5, 1991). "8 Track Stomp review".Q Magazine.55:67.
  35. ^Kemp, Sam (November 11, 2021)."The heartbreaking song R.E.M. wrote as a" plea "to Kurt Cobain".Far Out Magazine.
  36. ^Valdez, JOnah (October 25, 2023)."Local pro skater Riley Hawk marries Frances Bean Cobain in ceremony officiated by R.E.M. singer Michael Stipe".The San Diego Union-Tribune.RetrievedOctober 25,2023.
  37. ^How we met: Michael Stipe and natalie Merchant | The Independent
  38. ^"jam.canoe.ca".jam.canoe.ca. Archived from the original on April 17, 2005.RetrievedJune 29,2014.
  39. ^Michael Stipe Holiday Collector's Series at Lacoste.comArchivedNovember 12, 2008, at theWayback Machine
  40. ^"Live at the '12-12-12' Sandy Benefit Concert".Rolling Stone.December 13, 2012.RetrievedJanuary 15,2018.
  41. ^"Michael Stipe and Courtney Love Bid Bon Voyage on 'Rio Grande' Duet | SPIN | SPIN Mix | Songs".SPIN. February 12, 2013.RetrievedAugust 1,2013.
  42. ^"Michael Stipe reveals first new music since REM split".New Musical Express.June 4, 2014.RetrievedJune 4,2014.
  43. ^Murray, Nick (April 11, 2014)."Michael Stipe Inducts Nirvana Into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame".Rolling Stone.RetrievedJanuary 15,2018.
  44. ^Yoo, Noah (March 15, 2017)."Michael Stipe to Debut New Solo Composition at MoogFest".Pitchfork Media.
  45. ^Minsker, Evan (June 19, 2017)."Fischerspooner Team with Michael Stipe for New Song" Have Fun Tonight "".Pitchfork Media.RetrievedJune 19,2017.
  46. ^Collins, Sean (February 17, 2018)."Fischerspooner: Sir Album Review".Pitchfork Media.RetrievedMay 27,2024.
  47. ^"Michael's New Song:" Future, If Future "".R.E.M.March 24, 2018.
  48. ^"Michael to Release Solo Single" Your Capricious Soul "via MichaelStipe.com on October 5".R.E.M.October 3, 2019.RetrievedOctober 2,2019.
  49. ^"Michael Stipe to Release Second Solo Single 'Drive to the Ocean' on Jan. 4th".R.E.M.December 31, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 1,2020.
  50. ^abcJonze, Tim (April 24, 2019)."REM's Michael Stipe on his 37,000 photos – of stars, lovers and Kurt Cobain's hands".The Guardian.RetrievedOctober 20,2019.
  51. ^Battaglia, Andy (July 3, 2018)."'Here I Am—Take It': Michael Stipe's New Photo Book Bares All (or at Least Some) ".ARTnews.RetrievedOctober 20,2019.
  52. ^abSawyer, Miranda (October 20, 2019)."It's the end of the world as we know it... and Michael Stipe feels fine".The Guardian.RetrievedOctober 20,2019.
  53. ^Martoccio, Angie (June 11, 2020)."Michael Stipe, Big Red Machine Drop 'No Time for Love Like Now' Video".Rolling Stone.RetrievedJuly 29,2020.
  54. ^Mooallem, Jon(December 3, 2023)."Michael Stipe Is Writing His Next Act. Slowly".The New York Times.RetrievedDecember 11,2023.
  55. ^Buckley, p. 144-45
  56. ^Buckley, p. 296
  57. ^Saved!(2004) – Full cast and crew
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  67. ^Ludel, Wallace (February 24, 2020)."Hundreds of artists endorse Bernie Sanders for US President".theartnewspaper.com.RetrievedDecember 25,2021.
  68. ^"Hollywood stars who broke silence on Israel- Palestine conflict, here is the list".The Economic Times.October 31, 2023.
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  74. ^Tilmanns, Wolfgang."Non-Gay Queer Popstar from R.E.M. Collects Sugar Packets and Was De-virginised at Age Seven".Butt.February 2004.
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  76. ^"Turning Michael Stipe inside out"ArchivedFebruary 25, 2009, at theWayback Machine,Daniel A. Kusner,Dallas Voice,2001
  77. ^The Haiku YearArchivedNovember 24, 2009, at theWayback Machine,Soft Skull Press
  78. ^Hassenger, Jesse; Modell, Josh; Eichel, Molly; O'Neal, Sean; Adams, Erik; Chappell, Les (December 10, 2014)."18 spoken-word songs from artists that usually sang".The A.V. Club.RetrievedMay 13,2023.
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  82. ^Sasfy, Joe. "Reckoning with R.E.M.".The Washington Post.May 10, 1984.
  83. ^abPlatt, John. "R.E.M.".Bucketfull of Brains.December 1984.
  84. ^"The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time".Rolling Stone.January 1, 2023.RetrievedApril 3,2023.
  85. ^Buckley, p. 88
  86. ^Buckley, p. 143
  87. ^Buckley, p. 150
  88. ^abOlliffe, Michael. "R.E.M. in Perth".On the Street.January 17, 1995.
  89. ^Blistein, Jon (October 17, 2018)."Bono, Pharrell, Michael Stipe Contribute to Artist's Album Honoring Dead Cat".Rolling Stone.RetrievedOctober 25,2018.
  90. ^Hugo Largoat TrouserPress.com

General references

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  • Buckley, David.R.E.M.: Fiction: An Alternative Biography.Virgin, 2002.ISBN1-85227-927-3.
  • Jovanovic, Rob (2006).Michael Stipe: The Biography.Portrait.ISBN0-7499-5098-6.
  • Platt, John, ed.The R.E.M. Companion: Two Decades of Commentary.Schirmer, 1998.ISBN0-02-864935-4.
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