Wikipedia

Microsoft HoloLens

Not to be confused withMicrosoft HoloLens 2.

Microsoft HoloLensis anaugmented reality (AR)/mixed reality (MR)headset developed and manufactured byMicrosoft.HoloLens runs theWindows Mixed Realityplatform under theWindows 10operating system. Some of thepositional trackingtechnology used in HoloLens can trace its lineage to theMicrosoft Kinect,an accessory for Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Xbox One game consoles that was introduced in 2010.[3]

Microsoft HoloLens
Also known asProject Baraboo (during the development period)
DeveloperMicrosoft
ManufacturerMicrosoft
Product familyWindows 10
TypeMixed realityaugmented realityhead-mounted displaysmartglasses
Generation2
Release date
  • March 30, 2016(2016-03-30)(Development Edition)

(Development Edition 2) announced May 2, 2019

  • N/A (Consumer version)
Introductory price$3,000[1]
$5,000 (Commercial Suite)[2]
Operating systemWindows Mixed Reality
CPUIntel Atom x5-Z8100(1GHz)
Memory
Storage64 GB (flash memory)
Display2.3megapixelwidescreenhead-mounted display
SoundSpatial sound technology
Input
Controller inputGestural commands via sensors and HPU
Camera2.4MP
TouchpadSide Panel
Connectivity
PlatformWindows 10
Mass579g(1.28lb)
SuccessorHoloLens 2
WebsiteOfficial website

The pre-production version of HoloLens, the Development Edition, shipped on March 30, 2016, and is targeted to developers in the United States and Canada for a list price ofUS$3,000,[4][5]which allowed hobbyist, professionals and corporations to participate in the pre-production version of HoloLens.[6]SamsungandAsushave extended an offer to Microsoft to help produce their own mixed-reality products, in collaboration with Microsoft, based around the concept and hardware on HoloLens.[7][8]On October 12, 2016, Microsoft announced global expansion of HoloLens and publicized that HoloLens would be available for preorder in Australia, Ireland, France, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.[9]There is also a commercial suite (similar to a pro edition of Windows), with enterprise features such as BitLocker security. As of May 2017, the suite sold forUS$5,000.[2]Microsoft has decided to rent the Hololens without clients making the full investment. Microsoft partners with a company called Absorbents to give the service of HoloLens rental.[10]

HoloLens 2was announced at theMobile World Congress(MWC) in Barcelona, Spain, on February 24, 2019,[11]and was available on preorder atUS$3,500.[12][13]

Description

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The HoloLens is ahead-mounted displayunit connected to an adjustable, cushioned inner headband, which can tilt HoloLens up and down, as well as forward and backward.[14]To wear the unit, the user fits the HoloLens on their head, using an adjustment wheel at the back of the headband to secure it around the crown, supporting and distributing the weight of the unit equally for comfort,[15]before tilting the visor towards the front of the eyes.[14]

The front of the unit houses many of the sensors and related hardware, including the processors, cameras and projection lenses. The visor is tinted;[15]enclosed in the visor piece is a pair of transparentcombinerlenses, in which the projected images are displayed in the lower half.[16]The HoloLens must be calibrated to theinterpupillary distance(IPD) or accustomed vision of the user.[17][18]

Along the bottom edges of the side, located near the user's ears, are a pair of small, red3D audiospeakers. The speakers, competing against typical sound systems, do not obstruct external sounds, allowing the user to hear virtual sounds, along with the environment.[15]Usinghead-related transfer functions,the HoloLens generatesbinauralaudio, which can simulate spatial effects; meaning the user, virtually, can perceive and locate a sound, as though it is coming from a virtual pinpoint or location.[19][20][note 1]

On the top edge are two pairs of buttons: display brightness buttons above the left ear and volume buttons above the right ear.[21]Adjacent buttons are shaped differently—one concave, one convex—so that the user can distinguish them by touch.[14]

At the end of the left arm is a power button and row of five, small individual LED nodes, used to indicate system status, as well as forpower management,indicating battery level and setting power/standbymode.[14]AUSB 2.0micro-Breceptacle is located along the bottom edge.[15]A 3.5mmaudio jackis located along the bottom edge of the right arm.[5][15]

Hardware

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Man wearing Microsoft HoloLens

The HoloLens is a first generationARdevice. The displays on the HoloLens are simplewaveguidedisplays with a fixed focus of approximately two meters. Because of the fixed focus, the displays exhibit theVergence-Accommodation Conflict.[22]

The HoloLens features aninertial measurement unit(IMU) (which includes anaccelerometer,gyroscopeand amagnetometer),[20]four "environment understanding" sensors (two on each side), an energy-efficientdepthcamera with a 120°×120°angle of view,[23]a 2.4-megapixel photographic video camera, a four-microphone arrayand anambient light sensor.[5][24]

In addition to anIntelCherry TrailSoCcontaining theCPUandGPU,[25]HoloLens features a custom-made Microsoft Holographic Processing Unit (HPU),[5]acoprocessormanufactured specifically for the HoloLens by Microsoft. The SoC and the HPU each have 1GBLPDDR3and share 8MBSRAM,with the SoC also controlling 64GBeMMCand running theWindows 10operating system.The HPU uses 28 customDSPsfromTensilica[26]to process and integrate data from the sensors, as well as handling tasks such as spatial mapping,gesture recognitionandvoiceandspeech recognition.[16][20]According toAlex Kipman,the HPU processes "terabytes of information." One attendee estimated that the display field of view of the demonstration units was 30°×17.5°.[27]In an interview at the2015 Electronic Entertainment Expoin June, Microsoft Vice-President of Next-Gen Experiences, Kudo Tsunoda, indicated that the field of view is unlikely to be significantly different on release of the current version.[28]

The HoloLens contains an internal rechargeable battery, with average life rated at 2–3 hours of active use, or 2 weeks of standby time. The HoloLens can be operated while charging.[5]

HoloLens featuresIEEE 802.11acWi-FiandBluetooth 4.1Low Energy(LE) wireless connectivity. The headset uses Bluetooth LE to pair with the included Clicker, a thumb-sized finger-operatinginput devicethat can be used for interfacescrollingand selecting. The Clicker features a clickable surface for selecting and anorientation sensor,which provides for scrolling functions via tilting and panning of the unit. The Clicker features an elastic finger loop for holding the device and a USB 2.0 micro-B receptacle for charging its internal battery.[29]

The HoloLens core display has been integrated intohard hathardware systems.[30]

Applications

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Since 2016, a number of augmented-reality applications have been showcased for the HoloLens. Some of the applications that were available at launch included:

  • Cortana,Microsoft's virtual assistant.
  • Holograms, a catalog of a variety of 3D objects that users can place and scale around them; ranging from tigers and cats to space shuttles and planets.
  • HoloStudio, a full-scale 3D modeling application by Microsoft with 3D print compatibility.[31][32]
  • CAE VimedixARis a commercial application of Microsoft HoloLens technology that enables immersive simulation-based training in ultrasound and anatomical education through augmented reality for increased patient safety and enhanced learning.[32][33]
  • An implementation of theSkypetelecommunications application by Microsoft. Any user with Skype on his or her regular devices like PC, Mobile etc. can dial user on HoloLens and communicate with each other. With Video call On, the user on PC will see the view HoloLens user is seeing and HoloLens user will see view captured by PC / Mobile device user camera.[32][34]
  • HoloTour, anaudiovisualthree-dimensional virtual tourismapplication developer by Microsoft and Asobo Studio.[35][32][36]
  • Fragments, a high-tech crime thrilleradventure gamedeveloped by Microsoft andAsobo Studio,in which the player engages in crime-solving.[37]
  • Young Conker,aplatform gamedeveloped by Microsoft and Asobo Studio, featuring a young version ofConker the Squirrel.[32][38]
  • RoboRaid(previously code-named "Project X-Ray" ), an augmented-realityfirst-person shootergame by Microsoft in which the player defends against a robot invasion, aiming the weapon via gaze and shooting via the Clicker button or an air tap.[39][40]
  • Actiongram, an application for staging and recording short video clips of simple mixed-reality presentations using pre-made 3D virtual assets,[36]will be released in summer 2016 in the United States and Canada.[32][41]
  • In November, 2018,Microsoftannounced that it is readying HoloLens for combat. The company won a $480 million military contract with the U.S. government to bring AR headset tech into the weapons repertoire of American soldiers.[42]
  • In April, 2018, novel cardiac surgery was performed at theJagiellonian UniversityHospital in Krakow using HoloLens imaging.[43]In April, 2021, an augmented reality laboratory was opened at theJagiellonian University Medical Collegewith the goal of implementing the HoloLens 2 in the medical imaginary education.[44]

Other applications announced or showcased for HoloLens include:

Interface

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The HoloLens uses voice commands, gaze, hand gestures and a controller as the primary input methods.[69]Gaze commands, such as head-tracking, allows the user to bring application focus to whatever the user is perceiving.[70]"Elements" —or any virtual application or button—are selected using an air tap method, similar to clicking an imaginarycomputer mouse.The tap can be held for a drag simulation to move an element, as well asvoice commandsfor certain commands and actions.

The HoloLensshellcarries over and adapts many elements from the Windowsdesktop environment.A "bloom" gesture for accessing the shell (performing a similar function to pressing aWindows keyon a Windows keyboard, tablet or the Xbox button on anXbox One Controller) is performed by opening one's hand, fingers spread with the palm facing up.[71][72]Windows can be dragged to a particular position, as well as resized. Virtual elements such as windows or menus can be "pinned" to locations, physical structures or objects within the environment; or can be "carried" or fixed in relation to the user, following the user as they move around.[73]Title barsforapplication windowshave a title on the left and buttons forwindow managementfunctions on the right.

In April 2016 Microsoft created the Microsoft HoloLens App for Windows 10 PCs andWindows 10 Mobiledevices. The app allows developers to run apps on the HoloLens, use cell phone or computer keyboards for text input, view streamed video from the HoloLens on an external device and remotely capture mixed reality photos and videos.

Developing applications for HoloLens

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Microsoft Visual Studiois anIDEthat can be used to develop applications (both 2D and 3D) for HoloLens. Applications can be tested using HoloLens emulator (included into Visual Studio 2015 IDE) or HoloLens Development Edition.

2D applications

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HoloLens can run almost allUniversal Windows Platform apps.[74]These apps appear as 2D projections. Not all Windows 10 APIs are currently supported by HoloLens,[75]but in most cases the same app is able to run across all Windows 10 devices (including HoloLens), and the same tools that are used to develop applications for Windows PC or Windows Phone can be used to develop a HoloLens app.

3D applications

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3D applications, or "holographic" applications, use Windows Holographic APIs. Microsoft recommendsUnityengine andVuforiato create 3D apps for HoloLens, but it's also possible for a developer to build their own engine usingDirectXandWindows APIs.[76]

Criticism

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See also:Integrated Visual Augmentation System

In November 2018 Microsoft got a contract for the supply of 100,000 HoloLens MR glasses, worth $479 million, to the U.S. military.[77]The MR goggles are intended to provide "increased lethality, mobility and situational awareness necessary to achieve overmatch against [...] current and future adversaries." Just before the opening of one of the largest international technology conferences—theGSMA Mobile World Congress2019 in Barcelona—fifty Microsoft employees wrote a letter to theirCEOSatya Nadellaand PresidentBrad Smithstating that they "refuse to develop technologies for warfare and oppression." They demanded that corporate management terminate the contract.[78]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^See also:3D audio effect,virtual surround,psychoacoustics

References

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