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MARS(マルス,Marusu),short forMagnetic-electronicAutomaticReservationSystem,is a train ticketreservation systemused by theJapan Railways Group(JR Group) companies and travel agencies in Japan. It was developed jointly byHitachiand the formerJapanese National Railways(JNR), and inherited by theRailway Information Systems Company(JR Systems), which is jointly owned by the seven railway companies of the JR Group: theEast Japan Railway Company(JR East),Central Japan Railway Company(JR Central),West Japan Railway Company(JR West),Hokkaido Railway Company(JR Hokkaido),Shikoku Railway Company(JR Shikoku),Kyushu Railway Company(JR Kyushu), andJapan Freight Railway Company(JR Freight).[1]
The MARS system used in JR ticket offices is Japan’s largest onlinereal-time system,providing a year-roundavailabilityof 99.999%.[2]It offers a range of services, including seat reservations onShinkansenandLimited Expresstrains and fare calculation for basic fare tickets, commuter passes, and express tickets.[3]It is currently connected to approximately 10,000 terminals at JR ticket offices and travel agencies, as well as to online systems run by the individual JR companies.[3]The system is accessed about 8 million times every day, with a daily average of over 1.9 million tickets sold.[3]
Outline
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The host computer of the system was previously located inKokubunji, Tokyountil 2013, when it was moved to an undisclosed location in the northern part of theKantō region.[4]The system is managed by JR Systems since 1 April 1987 following the division and privatization of JNR.[2]
Ticket offices at JR stations equipped with MARS terminals are calledMidori-no-madoguchi(みどりの song khẩu,literally "green window" ),selling tickets of all JR Group trains and partly highway buses and route buses and ferries. It is possible for passengers to reserve tickets of buses and trains from one month prior to the given trip.[5][6]In the JR Central region, these are instead called by the name きっぷうりばkippu uriba,meaning "ticket sales counter".
Naming
editOriginally short for "Magnetic-electronic Automatic (seat) Reservation System", thebackronymwas later changed to "Multi Access Reservation System".[7][8]It has since been reverted to its original meaning.[9][10][11]
History
editMARS-1
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The MARS-1 system was created by Mamoru Hosaka, Yutaka Ohno, and others at the Japanese National Railways' R&D Institute (now theRailway Technical Research Institute), and was built in 1958.[12]It was the world's first seat reservation system for trains, and entered service in February 1960, initially only providing bookings for theKodamaandTsubamelimited express services.[13]The MARS-1 was capable of reserving seat positions, and was controlled by a Hitachimainframetransistor computerwith acentral processing unitconsisting of a thousandtransistorsand a magneticdrum memoryunit for data storage, which was where the MARS acronym originated from.[12]
In 2008, the MARS-1 system received a"One Step on Electro Technology -Look Back to the Future-"commemorative plaque from theInstitute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.[14]
MARS 100/200
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MARS 300
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MARS 500
editMARS 501
editIntroduced in stages between 2002 and 2004, the MARS 501 introduced the concept of anEthernet-basedclient–server model.Also, the ticket paper type was changed tothermal paper.
MARS 505
editThe latest version of MARS uses the MARS 505 system which was introduced in April 2020, which expanded on contactless, and ticketless boarding and booking capabilities brought along by the rise ofmobile appson smartphones and tablets.[15]
References
edit- ^"Corporate Overview - JR RAILWAY INFORMATION SYSTEMS CO., LTD".JR Systems.Retrieved2023-12-05.
- ^ab"About JRS - JR RAILWAY INFORMATION SYSTEMS CO., LTD".JR Systems.Retrieved2024-01-13.
- ^abc"Products and Solutions - JR RAILWAY INFORMATION SYSTEMS CO., LTD".JR Systems.Retrieved2024-01-13.
- ^"データセンターサービス｜ thiết đạo tình báo システム chu thức hội xã".Archivedfrom the original on 2023-06-28.Retrieved2023-08-17.
- ^"List of the stations are installed for Midori no Madoguchi in JR East".Archivedfrom the original on 2021-05-08.Retrieved2021-06-02.
- ^"List of the stations are installed for Midori no Madoguchi in JR Hokkaido".Archivedfrom the original on 2021-06-02.Retrieved2021-06-02.
- ^Kawasaki, Hiroshi (2011)."Advancement and Issues of Transport Management and Signal/Train Control Systems"(PDF).JR East.JR EAST Technical Review-No. 20. pp. 7–11.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2023-12-10.Retrieved2024-06-03.
- ^Ogawa, Tetsuya; Osumi, Hideki; Nagai, Satoru; Ito, Masakazu; Kato, Hiromitsu; Fushiki, Takumi (2011)."Convergence of Information Technology and Control Systems in Railway Transportation Service Systems"(PDF).Hitachi.Hitachi Review Vol. 60.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2024-04-20.Retrieved2024-06-03.
- ^"Products and Solutions".JR Systems.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-12-05.Retrieved2024-06-03.
- ^"MARS-1-Computer Museum".IPSJComputer Museum.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-11-28.Retrieved2024-06-03.
- ^"Hitachi Origin Story".Hitachi.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-10-21.Retrieved2024-06-03.
- ^ab"Hitachi and Japanese National Railways MARS-1".IPSJ Computer Museum.Information Processing Society of Japan.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-10-27.Retrieved2017-04-19.
- ^"Early Computers: Brief History".IPSJ Computer Museum.Information Processing Society of Japan.Archivedfrom the original on 2017-05-02.Retrieved2017-04-19.
- ^"Triển kỳ trạng huống “Tọa tịch dư ước システム: マルス1／みどりの song khẩu の tiên がけ” ".26 March 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-08-17.Retrieved2023-08-17.
- ^"Giao thông tân văn điện tử bản ｜Ｊｒシステム tân たなステージに đối ứng các chủng cơ bàn chỉnh bị の “マルス５０５” ".Archived fromthe originalon 2021-02-12.
External links
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