Wikipedia

Milkshake

This article is about the beverage. For the British preschool block on Channel 5, seeMilkshake!For other uses, seeMilkshake (disambiguation).

Amilkshake(sometimes simply called ashake) is a sweet beverage made by blending milk,ice cream,and flavorings or sweeteners such asbutterscotch,caramelsauce,chocolate syrup,orfruit syrupinto a thick, sweet, cold mixture. It may also be made using a base made from non-dairy products, includingplant milkssuch asalmond milk,coconut milk,orsoy milk.Dry ingredients such as whole fruit,nuts,seeds,candy,orcookiesmay be incorporated.

Milkshake
A strawberry milkshake topped with a strawberry
Alternative namesThick shake, frappe, cabinet
TypeBeverage
Place of originUnited States
Main ingredientsMilk, ice cream, and flavorings or sweeteners

Milkshakes originated in the United States around the turn of the 20th century, and grew in popularity following the introduction ofelectric blendersin the subsequent two decades. They became a common part of youth popular culture, as ice cream shops were a culturally acceptable meeting place for youth, and milkshakes became symbolic of the innocence of youth.

Preparation

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Full-service restaurants,ice cream shops,soda fountains,anddinersusually prepare the shake in amilkshake machine.At home, a blender is more commonly used. Milkshakes can also be mixed by hand using a spoon. Milkshakes may be made from any flavor of ice cream; additional flavorings, such aschocolate syrup,malt syrup,ormalted milkpowder, are often added prior to mixing.

Many fast food outlets do not make shakes from the individual ingredients; rather, they use automatic milkshake machines which freeze and serve a pre-made milkshake mixture consisting of milk, a sweetened flavoring agent, and a thickening agent. These are similar tosoft-serveice cream machines, but they keep the shake at a drinkable consistency.

Terminology

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Terminology around the distinction between a milkshake that uses ice cream and other forms offlavored milkvaries regionally. An ice cream-based milkshake may be called athick shaketo distinguish it. In parts ofNew Englandand eastern Canada, the namefrappe(/fræp/FRAP) is used.[1][2]Rhode Island residents sometimes refer to milkshakes as "cabinets".[3]A milkshake containing malted milk powder is sometimes called amalt.The termconcreteis used for particularly thick milkshakes that do not spill when turned upside down, such as those offered by the restaurant chainCulver's.[4]

In some jurisdictions there are legal requirements about what can be called a "milkshake", such as requirements for the percentage presence ofmilk fatand non-fatmilk solids.Because of this, it is common for restaurants to avoid using the term "milkshake" to refer to their products, such as simply calling them "shakes" rather than "milkshakes".Fast foodrestaurants that do not refer to their similar products as "milkshakes" includeWendy's(which calls their product a "Frosty"),Burger King,Dairy Queen,Del Taco,McDonald's,Shake Shack,andSonic Drive-In.[5]

History

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A strawberry and a chocolate shake, each topped withwhipped cream,sprinkles,and amaraschino cherry

1880s–1930s

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When the termmilkshakewas first used in print in 1885,[6]a milkshake was an alcoholicwhiskeydrink that has been described as a "sturdy, healthfuleggnogtype of drink, with eggs, whiskey, etc., served as a tonic as well as a treat ".[7]However, by 1900, the term referred to "wholesome drinks made with chocolate,strawberry,orvanillasyrups".By the" early 1900s people were asking for the new treat, often with ice cream ". By the 1930s, milkshakes were a popular drink at malt shops, which were the" typicalsoda fountainof the period... used by students as a meeting place or hangout ".[7]

The history of the electric blender, malted milk drinks, and milkshakes are interconnected. Before the widespread availability of electric blenders, milkshake-type drinks were more like eggnog, or they were a hand-shaken mixture of crushed ice and milk, sugar, and flavorings.[8]Hamilton Beachintroduced its Cyclone Drink Mixer in 1910, and it was widely used in soda fountains.[9][10][11]

The Hamilton Beach design, with the motor on top, remains the most common kind of milkshake machine.[citation needed]In 1922, Steven Poplawski invented the bottom-motorblender,which is sometimes used for making milkshakes.[12]With the invention of the blender, milkshakes began to take their modern, whipped, aerated, and frothy form.

The use ofmalted milkpowder in milkshakes was popularized in the US by the Chicago drugstore chainWalgreens.Malted milk powder – a mixture ofevaporated milk,maltedbarley,andwheat flour– was invented byWilliam Horlickin 1897 for use as an easily digested restorative health drink for disabled people and children, and as aninfant's food.[13][14]However, healthy people soon began drinking beverages made with malted milk simply for the taste,[14]and malted milk beverages containing milk, chocolate syrup, and malt powder became a standard offering atsoda fountains.In 1922, Walgreens employee Ivar "Pop" Coulson made a milkshake by adding two scoops of vanilla ice cream to the standard malted milk drink recipe.[15]This item, under the name "Horlick's Malted Milk", was featured by the Walgreen drugstore chain as part of a chocolate milkshake, which itself became known as a "malted" or "malt" and became one of the most popular soda-fountain drinks.[16]

The automation of milkshakes developed in the 1930s, after the invention offreon-cooled refrigerators provided a safe, reliable way of automatically making and dispensing ice cream. In 1936, inventor Earl Prince used the basic concept behind the Freon-cooled automated ice cream machine to develop the Multimixer, a "five-spindled mixer that could produce five milkshakes at once, all automatically, and dispense them at the pull of a lever into awaiting paper cups".[17]

Newspaper articles from the late 1930s suggest the term 'frosted' was sometimes used to refer to milkshakes, particularly those made with ice cream. In 1937, theDenton Journalin Maryland stated that "For a 'frosted' shake, add a dash of your favorite ice cream." In 1939, theMansfield Newsin Ohio stated that "A frosted beverage, in the vernacular, is something good to which ice cream has been added. Example par excellence is frosted coffee –that hot, tasty beverage made chilly with ice and frosty with ice cream."[18]

1940s–1950s

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By the 1950s, popular places to drink milkshakes wereWoolworth's"5 & 10"lunch counters,diners, burger joints, anddrugstoresoda fountains.These establishments often prominently displayed a shining chrome or stainless steel milkshake mixing machine.[19]

These establishments made milkshakes in Hamilton Beach or similar styles of drink mixers, which had spindles and agitators that folded air into the drinks for "smooth, fluffy results" and served them in12+1⁄2-US-fluid-ounce (370 ml) tall glasses with bulbous top. Soda fountain staff had their own jargon, such as "Burn One All the Way" (chocolate malted with chocolate ice cream), "Twist It, Choke It, and Make It Cackle" (chocolate malted with an egg), "Shake One in the Hay" (a strawberry shake), and a "White Cow" (a vanilla milkshake).[20]In the 1950s, a milkshake machine salesman namedRay Krocbought exclusive rights to the 1930s-era Multimixer milkshake maker from inventor Earl Prince, and went on to use automated milkshake machines to speed up production atMcDonald'srestaurants.[21]

Milkshakes had also become popular in other parts of the world, including the United Kingdom and Australia. In Australia, milk bars had grown popular and milkshakes were normally served lightly whipped and often in the aluminum or stainless steel cups in which they were prepared. In addition to more traditional flavors, spearmint and lime-flavored milkshakes became popular in Australia.

2000s–present

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This milkshake was made usingliquid nitrogen.Vapor can still be seen forming at the top.

In 2006, the U.S.Agricultural Research Servicedeveloped reduced-sugar, low-fat milk shakes for lunch programs. The shakes have half the sugar and only 10% of the fat of commercial fast-food shakes. Schools need a milk shake machine or soft-serve ice cream machine to serve the milkshakes. The milkshakes also have added fiber and other nutrients and reduced levels oflactose,which makes the shakes suitable for some people withLactose intolerance.[22]

U.S. sales of milkshakes, malts, and floats rose 11% in 2006, according to the industry research firm NPD Group. Christopher Muller, the director of the Center for Multi-Unit Restaurant Management at Orlando's University of Central Florida said that "milkshakes remind us of summer, youth – and indulgence", and "they're evocative of a time gone by".[23] Muller stated that milkshakes are an "enormously profitable" item for restaurants, since the drinks contain so much air. The market research firm Technomic states that about 75% of the average-priced $3.38 restaurant shake in 2006 was profit. An executive fromSonic Drive-In,a U.S. chain of 1950s-style diner restaurants, calls shakes "one of our highest-volume, revenue-producing areas".[23]

A 2016 article stated that chefs are trying out innovative ideas with milkshakes to keep customers interested in the drinks.[24]The article noted that coffee-flavored shakes are popular "because it complements both sweet and savory" dishes. Another trend is using different types of milk, such asalmond milk,coconut milk,soy milk,orhemp milk.[24]

Use in protests

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Main article:Milkshaking

In May 2019, during the build-up to theEU parliament elections in the United Kingdom,the throwing of milkshakes emerged as a protest tactic, usually targeting right-wing politicians. The movement originated with the "milkshaking"ofTommy Robinson,with a second thrown later that month.[25][26]

The UK police requested that an EdinburghMcDonald'srefrain from selling milkshakes on May 17 during a visit byNigel Farage.This promptedBurger Kingto tweet in response: "We're selling milkshakes all weekend. Have fun."[27]Burger King's tweet was later banned by the UK'sAdvertising Standards Authority,because they felt that it "condoned the previous anti-social behaviour and encouraged further instances", and that it was therefore an "irresponsible" advertisement.[28]At a separate visit in Newcastle on May 20, Farage had aFive Guysmilkshake thrown at him.[29]Carl Benjaminhad a total of four milkshakes thrown at him that week.[30]The act of milkshaking is similar to that ofeggingas a form of protest against political figures.[31]

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Filmmakers sometimes utilize milkshakes as a visual shorthand for themes of purity, innocence, and uncorrupted youth, representing them as embodiments of 'sweetness and goodness.[32]InAll About Eve,by directorJoseph L. Mankiewicz,Bette Davis's character is unhappy to see a man she likes chatting up her young female assistant, so Davis's character orders an alcoholicMartini,and "then mockingly suggests [that] Eve [the young assistant] will have a milkshake", thereby "asserting womanhood over girlhood through milkshake's associations with virginity".[32]Similarly, the socially awkward characterSteve Buscemiplays inGhost Worldis made fun of by a teenage girl because he orders a "virginal vanilla milkshake"; inManhattan,by directorWoody Allen,the director draws attention to the difference in age between his 42-year-old character (he also acts in the lead role) and his teenage girlfriend by having her drink a milkshake. In the filmLolitain 1997, a teenage girl drinks a milkshake while she is with the middle-aged man (her mother's new boyfriend) who is attracted to her.[32]

The characters fromArchie Comicsare often depicted drinking milkshakes. The TV seriesRiverdale,inspired by the comics, depicts the characters in a 1950s-inspired local diner, Pop's Chock'lit Shoppe; to promote the show, the cast shared a milkshake during an appearance onThe Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon.[33]

Master Shake,one of the main characters from the Americananimated seriesAqua Teen Hunger Force(also known by variousalternative titles), is a life-sizedanthropomorphicmilkshake.[citation needed]

The termMilkshake Duck,coined on Twitter in 2017, refers to a person who initially becomes popular on social media, only to become disgraced as other users comb through their online presence and find offensive statements or an unpleasant history.[34]

See also

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References

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  1. ^milk shake.The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000
  2. ^"The Difference between a Milkshake and a Frappe – Yankee Magazine".Archived fromthe originalon June 11, 2016.RetrievedJune 2,2016.
  3. ^"Cabinet".Dictionary of American Regional English.RetrievedFebruary 7,2021.
  4. ^American Dialect Society CABINET, CONCRETE, FROSTED, VELVET Text accompanying illustration on a poster advertising Hood's Ice Cream (observed in Hancock Pharmacy, State and Hancock Sts., Springfield, Mass., September 30, 1952).
  5. ^"Why You're Technically Not Able To Order A Milkshake At McDonald's".Daily Meal.September 9, 2023.
  6. ^"A Complete History of Milkshakes".Iceberg Drive Inn.RetrievedJune 30,2024.
  7. ^abFlexner, Stuart Berg (1982)Listening to America,Simon & Schuster: New York, p. 178,ISBN0671248952
  8. ^Vanilla Milk Shake Recipe from the "Second Edition of The Neighborhood Cookbook" published by the Council of Jewish Women, Portland, in 1914. Fill a glass two-thirds full of milk, sweeten to taste with any fruit syrup or with sugar, and then flavor with vanilla. Fill glass up with cracked ice and shake well together until thoroughly mixed.http://www.homemade-dessert-recipes.com/milk-shake-recipes.html
  9. ^Frederick J. Osius, "Agitator implement",U.S. Patent 1,005,653,filed September 20, 1910, issued October 10, 1911.
  10. ^"Hamilton Beach Brands Holding Company: Our History".hamiltonbeachbrands.com.
  11. ^Anne Cooper Funderburg, "Milkshake", in Darra Goldstein, ed.,The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets,2015,ISBN0199313628,s.v.
  12. ^Poplawski, Stephen J.US Patent US1480914 – Beverage mixer,Issued February 18, 1922
  13. ^"The History of Malted Milk Powder".Kitchen Lore.July 22, 2011.RetrievedOctober 10,2013.
  14. ^ab"Wisconsin's Malted Milk Story – Online Exhibits – Wisconsin Historical Society".www.wisconsinhistory.org.RetrievedJune 1,2017.
  15. ^"Walgreen's history".Walgreens.com. Archived fromthe originalon May 1, 2008.RetrievedOctober 1,2009.
  16. ^The Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink,John F. Mariani [Lebhar-Friedman:New York] 1999 (p. 196–197)
  17. ^Demirdjian, Z.S. (March 10, 2006)."Inexpensive Research in Marketing: Empowering the Technologically Challenged Entrepreneurs"(PDF).Innovative Marketing.2.
  18. ^American Dialect Society CABINET, CONCRETE, FROSTED, VELVET
  19. ^Diner StyleArchivedJune 22, 2013, at theWayback Machine.Artsparx.com. Retrieved on October 10, 2013.
  20. ^Shake One in the Hay.ArchivedMarch 16, 2010, at theWayback MachineNew York First
  21. ^Happy Meals in Kitty Hawk: How the Wright Brothers Spawned a Burger NationArchivedOctober 4, 2003, at theWayback Machine.Jyi.org. Retrieved on October 10, 2013.
  22. ^Konstance, Richard P. (May 2000)"Shaking Up the Future".Agricultural Researchmagazine.
  23. ^abFancier ways to get brain freeze.By Bruce Horovitz,USA TODAY
  24. ^ab"Sweetening the bottom line with milkshakes".July 18, 2016.RetrievedJune 1,2017.
  25. ^"Milkshake thrown over Tommy Robinson".BBC News.May 3, 2019.
  26. ^"All the people who have been milkshaked so far this year".The Independent.May 20, 2019.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2022.
  27. ^"Milkshakes: a delicious drink, or the new symbol of the resistance?".The Guardian.May 20, 2019.
  28. ^"Burger King milkshake tweet 'encouraged' anti-social conduct".BBC News.October 2, 2019.RetrievedOctober 16,2019.
  29. ^"Man charged with assault over Nigel Farage milkshake incident".The Guardian.May 21, 2019.
  30. ^"Ukip's Carl Benjamin hit by milkshake in Salisbury in fourth attack this week".The Independent.May 19, 2019.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2022.
  31. ^""Lactose Against Intolerance!" How milkshake became a tool of protest ".www.newstatesman.com.May 16, 2019.
  32. ^abc"Celebrating milkshake in the movies".August 21, 2012.RetrievedJune 1,2017.
  33. ^Swartz, Suzie (April 24, 2018)."American Nostalgia on a Bun".www.theatlantic.com.The Atlantic.RetrievedMay 10,2018.
  34. ^Hunt, Elle (December 18, 2017)."What is a milkshake duck? And why isn't it the word of the year?".The Guardian.London.RetrievedMay 9,2018.
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