Minicomic

Aminicomicis a creator-publishedcomic book,oftenphotocopiedand stapled or with a handmade binding. In the United Kingdom and Europe the termsmall press comicis equivalent with minicomic, reserved for those publications measuring A6 (105 mm × 148 mm) or less.

Minicomics, sometimes calledashcan copies,and sometimeszinecomics, are a common inexpensive way for those who want to make their own comics on a very small budget, with mostly informal means ofdistribution.A number ofcartoonists— such asJessica Abel,Julie Doucet,andAdrian Tomine— have started their careers this way and later gone on to more traditional types of publishing, while other established artists — such asMatt FeazellandJohn Porcellino— continue to publish minicomics as their main means of production.

Overview

The term "minicomic" was originally used in the United States and has a somewhat confusing history. Originally, it referred only to size: adigest comicmeasured 5.5 inches wide by 8.5 inches tall, while aminicomicwas 5.5 inches by 4.25 inches.

Currently, there is no standard format for a minicomic. Anything between something the size of apostage stampto regular comic book size can be considered a minicomic. The term "minicomic" is used in a more general sense, emphasizing the publication's handmade, informal aspect rather than the format. By this loose definition, a single photocopied page folded in quarters would still be a minicomic, but so would a thicker digest-sized comic, or even a large, elaborate, and relatively expensive photocopied booklet with asilkscreenedcover. Even some professionally printed and bound booklets are referred to as minicomics, as long as they are published by the artist and marketed in minicomic venues, but this usage is controversial.

Many minicomics are non-standard comic book sizes for aesthetic reasons,or are often connected tographic designand book print "tricks" to look good.Many of these typical sizes are convenient for artists using standard office supplies: aUS letter pagecan be folded in half to make a digest, or in quarters for a minicomic. These comics are generally photocopied, although some are produced in larger quantities usingoffset printing.

In North America, the United Kingdom, and Malaysia, minicomics are rarely found in traditional "direct market"comic-book stores; they are often sold directly by the artist at book fairs or through the mail, ordered fromwebsites,or handled by small bookstores and distributors that carryzines.In terms of production and distribution issues and their audience, minicomics—of all of the sizes and types mentioned above—have much more in common with each other, and with zines, than with any traditionally published comics.In Europe many specialized comic books stores have a special little corner dedicated to the odd off-size little self-printed books.At comic book conventions, such as the one inAngoulême,there are large markets where the little books are available. Because most of the books are rather cheap and were printed in limited quantities, they have become a target of collecters.

Minicomics typically have no editorial oversight, and both their content and quality vary widely. Many of the creators of minicomics do not expect to make a significant amount of money, or even cover their costs, with the price they charge for their comics.

History

1920s–1950s

The earliest and most popular comics in mini- and digest sizes—predating not only the termminicomic,but even the standard comic-book format—were the anonymous and pornographicTijuana biblesof the 1920s.

1960s

TheundergroundpublisherSan Francisco Comic Book Company,run byGary Arlington,published a number of minicomics in the period 1968–1976, including minicomics byArt Spiegelman,Bill Griffith,andLeonard Rifas.

Inc. 1968,Carl GaffordcreatedBlue Plaque Publications,the firstminicomic co-op,a cooperative of minicomic creators that traded and promoted small press comics and fanzines.

1970s

Jack T. Chick's "Chick tracts",which began appearing widely in the early 1970s, use a mini-size, although their content and purpose are atypical of most mincomics.

In the 1970s and early 1980s,Clay Geerdes'sComix Worldpublished numerous popular minicomics, andArtie Romero's Everyman Studios created dozens of titles with full color covers. The Everyman Comics mini-series included solo books by Romero,Hunt Emerson,Larry Rippee,Jim Siergey,Bob Conway, Gary Whitney, Bob Vojtko, J. Michael Leonard, and John Adams, plus a number of themed anthology minicomics. Several minicomics each of these publishers were reprinted in their entirety in Fantagraphics'The Underground Mini Comix of the 1980s.

1980s

Matt Feazell's popularCynicalmanmincomics, which began in 1980, utilize theUS letter pagefolded in quarters; the same format used by Alfred Huete's award-winningDADAmini.

Many minicomics in the 1980s were produced by artists influenced by theunderground comixscene who were unable to get work published in underground andalternativepublications.Michael Dowers'Starhead Comixpublished many minicomics throughout the latter half of the 1980s, before the company moved to traditional comic book printing and distribution.

John Porcellino'sKing-Cat Comics,first published in May 1989 and still being published, is among the best-known and longest-running minicomics titles.

In 1989 and 1990, Roger May published minicomics made of work done at those years' respectiveSan Diego Comic-Cons.The first one, titledOpen Season: the Mini Comic,included work fromJaime Hernandez,Sergio Aragonés,Guy Colwell,Eddie Campbell,Bryan Talbot,Val Mayerik,Scott Shaw,Howard Cruse,Angela Bocage,Stephen Bissette,Mario Hernandez,Larry Marder,Mary Fleener,David A. Cherry,Joshua Quagmire,Clayton Moore,Phoebe Gloeckner,Steve Lafler,Terry Beatty,William Stout,J. R. Williams,Rick Geary,andPaul Mavrides.The second issue, created at the 1990 convention, was titledGraphic Babylon: San Diego Comic Con Minicomix 1990.The all-star roster of contributors includedRobert Williams,Orz,Mary Fleener,Mercy Van Vlack,Bob Burden,L. Lois Buhalis,Guy Colwell,Sergio Aragonés,Angela Bocage,Larry Marder,Chuck Austen,Terry Laban,Larry Todd,Mark Bodé,Ray Zone,Larry Welz,Scott Shaw,Michael T. Gilbert,Rick Geary,Phil Foglio,Wayno,J. R. Williams,andDan O'Neill.

1990s

In the 1990s, before the widespread adoption of theWorld Wide Web,minicomics became a popular form of self-distribution for alternative cartoonists, aided by such publications asFactsheet Five.Comic book series likeJessica Abel'sArtbabe,Julie Doucet'sDirty Plotte,andAdrian Tomine'sOptic Nerveall started out as self-published minicomics before being picked up by legitimate publishers.

In 1993,Rick Bradford(who had been involved in the minicomics scene since 1985) began publishingPoopsheet,a zine that reviewed other small publications, including minicomics.Poopsheeteventually became a website and is now known as The Poopsheet Foundation, which is dedicated to archiving the history of minicomics.

TheIgnatz Awardfor Best Minicomic has been awarded at theSmall Press Expoevery year since 1997.

2000s–present

In 2003, cartoonistsAndy HartzellandJesse Reklawco-founded Global Hobo Distro, adistributordedicated to hand-made and hard-to-find comics that was partnered withLast Gasp.Global Hobo operated untilc.2013.

Minicomics collections

• Dowers, Michael, ed. (Oct 2013).Treasury of Mini Comics.Vol. One. Fantagraphics Books.ISBN978-1606996577.
• Dowers, Michael, ed. (Jan 2015).Treasury of Mini Comics.Vol. Two. Fantagraphics Books.ISBN978-1606998076.

Alternate meaning

The termminicomicalso refers to the small comics booklets that come in the packages of some toys:

• Masters of the Universe (1981–2014) — The firstMasters of the Universetoys did not have a TV series, and thus came with little story booklets (and later, comics) that showed the original background of the series (He-Manas a barbarian,Skeletorfrom another dimension, etc.). However, after the later sources (DC Comicsand the TV series) started to change that background (He-Man asPrince Adam,for example) the comics began to reflect those changes. SeeList of He-Man Minicomics.
• Atari Force(1982) — a five-issue series included with certainAtari 2600game cartridges.
• Swordquest (1982–1983) — three comics included with theAtari 2600cartridges for theSwordquestseries.
• Super Powers (1984–1985) —Kenner Productscreated a collection of action figures based on theDC Comicssuper-heroes and super-villains calledSuper Powers.The first two waves of the collection came with minicomics which featured the character with which it came, one of the villains from the collection (who, obviously, was the antagonist of the story inside the comic) and other heroes featured in the collection. SeeList of Super Powers Minicomics.
• Transformers(2002–2005) — the toys ofTransformers: ArmadaandTransformers: Energoncame with minicomics that featured the characters of the toy lines.
• Marvel Mega Morphs (2005) — this was a toy line created byToy Bizin order to compete withHasbro's Transformers. TheMega Morphswere transforming robots patterned onMarvel Comicssuperheroes. Each figure came with a minicomic featuring the Megamorph with which it came. All six minicomics formed a complete storyline.

See also

• Ashcan copy
• Dōjinshi
• List of minicomics creators
• Miniature book
• United Fanzine Organization
• Underground comix

Further reading

• Chrislip, Bruce (2015).The Minicomix Revolution 1969–1989.ISBN978-1-4951-6338-8.
• Dowers, Michael,ed. (2010).Newave!: The Underground Mini Comix of the 1980s.Fantagraphics Books.ISBN978-1-60699-313-2.

External links

• Zine newsgroup
• Mini-Komix
• Jabberwocky Graphix
• Purrsia Press
• Everyman Studios
• Fluke
• Zine-A-Polooza
• Black Light Diner (an online minicomics store)
• Quimby's Bookstore (an online minicomics store based in Chicago)
• Poopsheet Foundation (an online minicomics store)
• Parcell Press (an online comic and zine shop)
• Le Sketch - Free MiniComic
• Newave Reader (a history of Newave comix)