TheMoronidaeis afamilyofpercomorphfishes, commonly called thetemperate basses,in theorderMoroniformes.These fishes are found in the freshwaters of North America and the coastal waters of the North Atlantic.
| Moronidae | |
|---|---|
| |
| European seabass(Dicentrarchus labrax) | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Moronidae D. S. Jordan&Evermann,1896[1] |
| Genus | |
|
see text | |
Taxonomy
editMoronidae was first proposed as afamilyin 1896 by the AmericanichthyologistsDavid Starr JordanandBarton Warren Evermann.[1]The 5th edition of theFishes of the Worldclassifies this family in the order Moroniformes with theEphippidaeandDrepaneidae.[2]Other authorities place the Ephippidae and Drepaneidae in the order Ephippiformes with the Moronidae classified asincertae sedisin the seriesEupercaria.[3]Other authorities classify all three families in the MoroniformessensuFishes of the Worldin theAcanthuriformes.[4]
Genera
edit
Moronidae basses are classified within the two living generaMoroneandDicentrarchusas follows:[2][5]
- DicentrarchusT. N. Gill,1860
- D. labrax(Linnaeus,1758)- (European seabass)
- D. punctatus(Bloch,1792)- (spotted seabass)
- MoroneMitchill,1814
- M. americanaJ. F. Gmelin,1789)- (white perch)
- M. chrysopsRafinesque,1820)- (white bass)
- M. mississippiensisD. S. Jordan&C. H. Eigenmann,1887- (yellow bass)
- M. saxatilis(Walbaum,1792)- (striped bass)
- †BeaumontopercaGaudant, 2000(Oligocene;Europe)
- †CockerellitesJordan & Hanibal, 1923(Eocene;North America)
- †C. liopsCope, 1877(Ypresian;United States)
- †ParamoroneDavid, 1946(Eocene;North America)[6]
- †P. eocenicaDavid, 1946(Priabonian;United States)
- †PriscacaraCope,1877(Eocene; North America)
The genusLateolabraxhad formerly been classified in the Moronidae but is now placed in eitherPolyprionidae[2]orLateolabracidae.[4]
Description
editMoronidae basses have oblong bodies which are slightly compressed. They have large mouths with the upper jaw being broad to the rear, leading to most of the jaw being exposed when the mouth is closed. The jaws have bands of small, conical teeth with no canine-like teeth. There are also bands of simple teeth on the sides and front of the roof of the mouth. There are also 2 parallel bands of simple teeth on the base of the tongue. Theoperculumhas 3 flat spines while thepreoperculumis finely toothed.[7]The firstdorsal finhas between 8 and 10 spines and the second has a single spine and between 10 and 13 soft rays. Theanal finhas 3 spines and between 9 and 12 soft rays,[2]and has its origin far to the rear of the origin of the second dorsal fin. Thecaudal finis forked and the caudal peduncle has a dense covering of scales. The head and body are covered in small, rough scales. There are between 50 and 72 pores in the continuouslateral line,[7]which extends almost as far as the rear margin of the caudal fin, and there are additional rows of lateral-line scales on the caudal fin over and under the main line.[2]The largest species is the striped bass (Morone saxatilis) with a maximum publishedtotal lengthof 200 cm (79 in) while the smallest is the white bass (M. chrysops) with a maximum published total length of 45 cm (18 in).[5]
Distribution and habitat
editMoronidae basses are only found in the north Atlantic Ocean. The seabasses in the genusDicentrarchusare found in the eastern Atlantic where they inhabit coastal seas and estuaries from Norway south to northern Africa, including the Mediterranean and Black Seas. The genusMoroneis found in eastern North America with one mainly marine species and three largely freshwater species. They have been introduced elsewhere.[2]
Biology
editMoronidae basses move into inshore waters, estuaries and rivermouths in the summer, but in winter they move farther offshore and into deeper waters. The young fish gather in schools, but the adults appear to be more solitary. They are predatory, feeding mainly on shrimp and mollusks, as well as smaller fish.[8]
Utilisation
editMoronidae basses are important target fishes for recreational sea angling, and some species support significant commercial fisheries[9]and are used in aquaculture.[10]
References
edit- ^abRichard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014)."Family-group names of Recent fishes".Zootaxa.3882(2): 001–230.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1.PMID25543675.
- ^abcdefJ. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).Fishes of the World(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 495–497.ISBN978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017)."Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes".BMC Evolutionary Biology.17(162): 162.Bibcode:2017BMCEE..17..162B.doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3.PMC5501477.PMID28683774.
- ^abRon Fricke; William Eschmeyer; and Jon David Fong (2020)."GENERA/SPECIES BY FAMILY/SUBFAMILY IN Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes".Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes.
- ^abFroese, Rainer;Pauly, Daniel (eds.)."Family Moronidae".FishBase.February 2023 version.
- ^David, Lorre R. (1946)."Some Typical Upper Eogene Fish Scales from California".Contributions to Paleontology.IV.
- ^ab"Family: MORONIDAE, Temperate bass, Temperate Basses".Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system.Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.Retrieved31 March2023.
- ^"Fishing Techniques. Basses lining. Technology Fact Sheets".FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Division [online]. Rome. 17 February 2005.Retrieved31 March2023.
- ^"Temperate Basses (Moronidae)".Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection.Retrieved31 March2023.
- ^"European Sea Bass".seafish.Retrieved31 March2023.