Wikipedia

Mr. Tambourine Man

This article is about the song. For the album, seeMr. Tambourine Man(album).

"Mr. Tambourine Man"is a song written byBob Dylan,released as the first track of the acoustic side of his March 1965 albumBringing It All Back Home.The song's popularity led to Dylan recording it live many times, and it has been included in multiple compilation albums. It has been translated into other languages and has been used or referenced in television shows, films, and books.

"Mr. Tambourine Man"
Cover of theM. Witmark & Sonssheet music
SongbyBob Dylan
from the albumBringing It All Back Home
ReleasedMarch 22, 1965(1965-03-22)
RecordedJanuary 15, 1965
StudioColumbia,New York City
GenreFolk[1]
Length5:32
LabelColumbia
Songwriter(s)Bob Dylan
Producer(s)Tom Wilson
Audio sample

The song has been performed and recorded by many artists, includingthe Byrds,Judy Collins,Melanie,Odetta,Alvin and the Chipmunks,andStevie Wonderamong others. The Byrds' version was released in April 1965 as their firstsingleonColumbia Records,reaching number 1 on both theBillboardHot 100chart and theUK Singles Chart,as well as being the title track of their debut album,Mr. Tambourine Man.The Byrds' recording of the song was influential in popularizing the musical subgenres offolk rockandjangle pop,leading many contemporary bands to mimic its fusion of jangly guitars and intellectual lyrics in the wake of the single's success. Dylan himself was partly influenced to record withelectric instrumentationafter hearing the Byrds' reworking of his song during one of their rehearsals atWorld Pacific Studiosin late 1964.

Dylan's song has four verses, of which the Byrds only used the second for their recording. Dylan's and the Byrds' versions have appeared on various lists ranking the greatest songs of all time, including an appearance by both onRolling Stone's list of the500 best songs ever.Both versions receivedGrammy Hall of Fame Awards.

The song has a bright, expansive melody and has become famous for its surrealistic imagery, influenced by artists as diverse as French poetArthur Rimbaudand Italian filmmakerFederico Fellini.The lyrics call on the title character to play a song and the narrator will follow. Interpretations of the lyrics have included apaeanto drugs such asLSD,a call to the singer'smuse,a reflection of the audience's demands on the singer, and religious interpretations.

Composition

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"Mr. Tambourine Man" was written and composed in early 1964, at the same approximate time as "Chimes of Freedom",which Dylan recorded later that spring for his albumAnother Side of Bob Dylan.[2][3]Dylan began writing and composing "Mr. Tambourine Man" in February 1964, after attendingMardi GrasinNew Orleansduring a cross-country road trip with several friends, and completed it sometime between the middle of March and late April of that year after he had returned to New York.[2]Nigel Williamson has suggested inThe Rough Guide to Bob Dylanthat the influence of Mardi Gras can be heard in the swirling and fanciful imagery of the song's lyrics.[4]JournalistAl Aronowitzhas stated that Dylan completed the song at his home, butfolk singerJudy Collins,who later recorded the song, has stated that Dylan completed the song at her home.[2]Dylan premiered the song the following month at a May 17 concert at London'sRoyal Festival Hall.[2]

Recording

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During the sessions forAnother Side of Bob Dylan,in June 1964, withTom Wilsonproducing, Dylan recorded "Mr. Tambourine Man" withRamblin' Jack Elliottsinging harmony. As Elliott was slightly off key, that recording was not used.[5][2][6]Later that month he recorded a publisher demo of the song at Witmark Music.[7]More than six months passed before Dylan re-recorded the song, again with Wilson in the producer's chair, during the finalBringing It All Back Homesession on January 15, 1965, the same day that "Gates of Eden","It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)",and"It's All Over Now, Baby Blue"were recorded.[2][8]It was long thought that the four songs were each recorded in one long take.[9]However, in the biographyBob Dylan: Behind the Shades,Clinton Heylin relates that the song required six attempts, possibly because of difficulties in working out the playoffs between Dylan'sacoustic guitarandBruce Langhorne's electric lead.[2]Alternate takes released on Dylan'sCutting Edgecollection also reveal that early takes include drummerBobby Greggplaying a tambourine-heavy2
4rhythm, but Dylan found this too distracting and opted to continue recording with Langhorne alone. The final take was selected for the album, which was released on March 22, 1965.[2][9]

In his bookKeys to the Rain: The Definitive Bob Dylan Encyclopedia,Oliver Trager describes "Mr. Tambourine Man" as having a bright, expansive melody,[10]with Langhorne's electric guitar accompaniment, which provides acountermelodyto the vocals, being the only instrumentation besides Dylan's acoustic guitar andharmonica.[11]AuthorWilfrid Mellershas written that although the song is in thekeyofD major,it isharmonizedas if it were in aLydianG major,giving the song a tonal ambiguity that enhances the dreamy quality of the melody.[12]Unusually, rather than beginning with the first verse, the song begins with an iteration of the chorus:[10]

Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to.
Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
In the jingle-jangle morning I'll come following you.[13]

Interpretations

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William Ruhlmann, writing for theAllMusicweb site, has suggested the following outline of the song's lyrics: "The time seems to be early morning following a night when the narrator has not slept. Still unable to sleep, though amazed by his weariness, he is available and open to Mr. Tambourine Man's song, and says he will follow him. In the course of four verses studded with internal rhymes, he expounds on this situation, his meaning often heavily embroidered with imagery, though the desire to be freed by the tambourine man's song remains clear."[14]

While there has been speculation that the song is about drugs, particularly with lines such as "take me on a trip upon your magic swirling ship" and "the smoke rings of my mind",[2][3][11]Dylan has denied the song is about drugs.[15]Though he was smokingmarijuanaat the time the song was written, Dylan was not introduced toLSDuntil a few months later.[2][3][16]Outside of drug speculation, the song has been interpreted as a call to the singer's spirit ormuse,or as a search for transcendence.[3][16][17][18][19]In particular, biographer John Hinchey has suggested in his bookLike a Complete Unknownthat the singer is praying to his muse for inspiration; Hinchey notes that ironically the song itself is evidence the muse has already provided the sought-after inspiration.[17]The figure of Mr. Tambourine Man has sometimes been interpreted as a symbol forJesusor thePied Piper of Hamelin.[14]The song may also referencegospel musicthemes, with Mr. Tambourine Man being the bringer of religious salvation.[19]

Dylan has cited the influence ofFederico Fellini's movieLa Stradaon the song,[10][20]while other commentators have found echoes of the poetry ofArthur Rimbaud.[2][21][22]AuthorHoward Souneshas identified the lyrics "in the jingle jangle morning I'll come following you" as having been taken from aLord Buckleyrecording.[20]Bruce Langhorne,who performs guitar on the track, has been cited by Dylan as the inspiration for the tambourine man image in the song.[10]Langhorne used to play a giant, four-inch-deep "tambourine"(actually a Turkishframe drum), and had brought the instrument to a previous Dylan recording session.[2][11][23][24]

Other Dylan releases

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Bob Dylanhas often played "Mr. Tambourine Man" in live concerts.

TheBringing it All Back Homeversion of "Mr. Tambourine Man" was included onBob Dylan's Greatest Hitsin 1967 and several later Dylan compilation albums, includingBiograph,Masterpieces,andThe Essential Bob Dylan.[14][25]The two June 1964 recordings, one with Ramblin' Jack Elliott and the other at Witmark Music, have been released onThe Bootleg Series Vol. 7: No Direction HomeandThe Bootleg Series Vol. 9: The Witmark Demos 1962–1964,respectively.[14][26]Outtakes from the January 15, 1965, recording session were released onThe Bootleg Series Vol. 12: The Cutting Edge 1965–1966in 2015.

The song has been in Dylan's live concert repertoire since it was written,[10]usually as a solo acoustic song, and live performances have appeared on various concert albums and DVDs. An early performance, perhaps the song's live debut, recorded at London's Royal Festival Hall on May 17, 1964, appeared onLive 1962-1966: Rare Performances From The Copyright Collections,while another early performance, recorded during a songs workshop at the Newport Folk Festival on July 24, 1964, was included in bothMurray Lerner's filmThe Other Side of the Mirror[27]and the DVD release ofMartin Scorsese's documentaryNo Direction Home.[28]A live performance at New York'sPhilharmonic Halldating from October 31, 1964, appeared onThe Bootleg Series Vol. 6: Bob Dylan Live 1964, Concert at Philharmonic Hall.[14]During his appearance at theNewport Folk Festivalon July 25, 1965, after he was heckled by acousticfolk musicfans during his electric set, Dylan returned to play acoustic versions of "Mr. Tambourine Man" and "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue";[29][30]this performance of "Mr. Tambourine Man" was included inThe Other Side of the Mirror.[27]

A live version from Dylan's famous May 17, 1966, concert inManchester, England(popularly but mistakenly known as the Royal Albert Hall Concert) was included onThe Bootleg Series Vol. 4: Bob Dylan Live 1966, The "Royal Albert Hall" Concert.[31]Dylan's August 31, 1969, performance of the song at theIsle of Wight Festivalappeared onIsle of Wight Live,part of the 4-CD deluxe edition ofThe Bootleg Series Vol. 10: Another Self Portrait (1969–1971).Dylan played the song as part of his evening set at the 1971,Concert for Bangladesh,organized byGeorge HarrisonandRavi Shankar,featuring Harrison on electric guitar,Leon Russellon bass, andRingo Starron tambourine. That performance was included onThe Concert For Bangladeshalbum, although it was excluded from the film of the concert.[32]Another live version, from theRolling Thunder Revuetour of 1975, was included onThe Bootleg Series Vol. 5: Bob Dylan Live 1975, The Rolling Thunder RevueandThe Rolling Thunder Revue: The 1975 Live Recordings,while electric band versions from 1978 and 1981 appeared, respectively, onBob Dylan at Budokanand the Deluxe Edition ofThe Bootleg Series Vol. 13: Trouble No More 1979–1981.[33][34]

In November 2016, all Dylan's recorded live performances of the song from 1966 were released in the boxed setThe 1966 Live Recordings,with the May 26, 1966, performance released separately on the albumThe Real Royal Albert Hall 1966 Concert.

The Byrds' version

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"Mr. Tambourine Man"
Side A of the original US single
Singlebythe Byrds
from the albumMr. Tambourine Man
B-side"I Knew I'd Want You"
ReleasedApril 12, 1965(1965-04-12)
RecordedJanuary 20, 1965
StudioColumbia,Hollywood
Genre
Length2:18
LabelColumbia
Songwriter(s)Bob Dylan
Producer(s)Terry Melcher
The Byrdssingles chronology
"Mr. Tambourine Man"
(1965) 		"All I Really Want to Do"
(1965)
Audio sample

Release

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"Mr. Tambourine Man" was the debut single by the Americanrockbandthe Byrdsand was released on April 12, 1965 by Columbia Records,[36]less than a month after Dylan's original. The song was also the title track ofthe band's debut album,which was released on June 21, 1965.[37]The Byrds' version is abridged and in a different key from Dylan's original.

The single's success initiated the folk rock boom of 1965 and 1966, with a number of American and British acts imitating the band's hybrid of a rock beat,jangly guitar playing,and poetic or socially conscious lyrics.[14][38]The single was the "first folk rock smash hit",[39][40]and gave rise to the term "folk rock" in the U.Smusic pressto describe the band's sound.[41][42]

This hybrid had its antecedents in theAmerican folk revivalof the early 1960s,[43]the Animals' rock-oriented recording of thefolk song"The House of the Rising Sun",[44]the folk influences present in the songwriting ofthe Beatles,[45]and thetwelve-string guitarjangle ofthe Searchersand the Beatles'George Harrison.[46][47]However, the success of the Byrds' debut created a template for folk rock that proved successful for many acts during the mid-1960s.[14][48]

Conception

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Most of the members of the Byrds had a background in folk music,[40]sinceJim McGuinn,Gene Clark,andDavid Crosbyhad all worked as folk singers during the early 1960s.[49][50]They had all spent time, independently of each other, in various folk groups, includingthe New Christy Minstrels,the Limeliters,the Chad Mitchell Trio,andLes Baxter's Balladeers.[49][51][52][53]

In early 1964, McGuinn, Clark, and Crosby formed the Jet Set and started developing a fusion of folk-based lyrics and melodies, witharrangementsin the style of the Beatles.[50][54]In August 1964, the band's managerJim Dicksonacquired anacetate discof "Mr. Tambourine Man" from Dylan'spublisher,featuring a performance by Dylan and Ramblin' Jack Elliott.[2][50][55][56]Although the band members were initially unimpressed with the song, after McGuinn changed thetime signaturefrom Dylan's2
4configuration to4
4time, they began rehearsing anddemoingit.[57][58][59]In an attempt to make it sound more like the Beatles, the band and Dickson elected to give the song a full, electricrockband treatment, effectively creating the musical subgenre of folk rock.[40][56][58]To further bolster the group's confidence in the song, Dickson invited Dylan to a band rehearsal atWorld Pacific Studiosto hear their rendition.[60][57]Dylan was impressed, enthusiastically commenting, "Wow, you can dance to that!" His endorsement erased any lingering doubts the band had about the song.[60]

Mr. Tambourine Man (1964 demo)
An excerpt from a 1964demorecording of "Mr. Tambourine Man" by the Byrds, highlightingMichael Clarke's martial,marching band-style drumming.
Problems playing this file? Seemedia help.

During this period, drummerMichael Clarkeand bass playerChris Hillmanjoined,[50]and the band changed their name to the Byrds overThanksgiving1964.[56]Band biographerJohnny Roganhas remarked that the two surviving demos of "Mr. Tambourine Man" dating from this period feature an incongruousmarching banddrum part from Clarke, but overall the arrangement is very close to the later single version.[61][62]

Production

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The master take of "Mr. Tambourine Man" was recorded on January 20, 1965, at Columbia Studios in Hollywood, before the release of Dylan's own version.[63]The song's jangling, melodic guitar playing (performed by McGuinn on a12-stringRickenbackerguitar) was immediately influential and has remained so to the present day.[56]The group's complexvocal harmonywork, as featured on "Mr. Tambourine Man", became another major characteristic of their sound.[64]Due to producerTerry Melcher's[55]initial lack of confidence in the Byrds' musicianship, as a result of them not having gelled musically yet,[65]McGuinn was the only Byrd to play on both "Mr. Tambourine Man" and itsB-side,"I Knew I'd Want You".[56]Rather than using band members, Melcher hiredthe Wrecking Crew,a collection of top L.A.session musicians(listedhere), who (with McGuinn on guitar) provided the backing track over which McGuinn, Crosby, and Clark sang.[66]By the time that sessions for their debut album began in March 1965, Melcher was satisfied that the band was competent enough to record its own musical backing.[40]Much of the track's arrangement and finalmixdownwas modeled afterBrian Wilson's production work forthe Beach Boys' "Don't Worry Baby".[67][68][69]

The Byrds' recording of the song opens with a distinctive,Bach-inspired guitarintroductionplayed by McGuinn and then, like Dylan's version, goes into the song'schorus.[56]Although Dylan's version contains four verses, the Byrds perform only the song's second verse and two repeats of the chorus, followed by a variation on the song's introduction, which thenfades out.[14]The Byrds' arrangement of the song had been shortened during the band's rehearsals, at the suggestion of Jim Dickson, in order to accommodate commercialradiostations, which were reluctant to play songs that were over two-and-a-half minutes long.[56][58]As a result, while Dylan's version is five-and-a-half minutes long, the Byrds' version runs just short of two-and-a-half minutes.[14]Thelead vocalon the Byrds' recording of "Mr. Tambourine Man" was sung by McGuinn, who attempted to modify his singing style to fill what he perceived as a gap in the popular music scene of the day, somewhere between the vocal sound ofJohn Lennonand Bob Dylan.[56]The song also took on a spiritual aspect for McGuinn during the recording sessions, as he told Rogan in 1997: "I was singing to God and I was saying that God was the Tambourine Man and I was saying to him, 'Hey, God, take me for a trip and I'll follow you.' It was a prayer of submission."[56]

Reception

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The single reached number 1 on theBillboardHot 100, and number 1 on the UK Singles Chart, making it the first recording of a Dylan song to reach number 1 on anypop musicchart.[70][71][72]In 2009, the band's bassist Chris Hillman gaveBob Eubanks,a DJ onKRLAand later the host ofThe Newlywed Game,credit for originally breaking the song on the radio in L.A.[73]

Upon release,Record Worldpicked it as its "Sleeper of the Week" and called it a "funky and slow treatment of the Bob Dylan tune that has a lot to say. Moody and different treatment from a group going places."[74]Band biographer Christopher Hjort has remarked that it is surprising that neitherBillboardorCashboxmagazines reviewed the single, considering the efforts Columbia put into promoting the record.[75]In the UK,Record Mirrordescribed the single as, "A Bob Dylan song of uncommon charm. Group is American, folksy and five-strong. Busy mandolin-style [sic] backing. Song is the big selling point, for sure. "[76]In his review forMusic Echo,critic Brian Harvey described it as "a folksy, guitar twangy, medium tempo swinger. It's a busy number with lots of echo. Lead voice tells the story and has vocal group backing in the attractive chorus. The melody sticks even after one play."[76]

Critic William Ruhlmann has argued that in the wake of "Mr. Tambourine Man", the influence of the Byrds could be heard in recordings by a number of other Los Angeles-based acts, includingthe Turtles,the Leaves,Barry McGuire,andSonny & Cher.[14]In addition, author and music historianRichie Unterbergersees the influence of the Byrds in recordings bythe Lovin' Spoonful,the Mamas & the Papas,Simon & Garfunkel,andLove,[48][77]while author John Einarson has said that boththe Grass RootsandWe Fiveenjoyed commercial success by emulating the Byrds' folk rock sound.[78]Unterberger also feels that, by late 1965, the Beatles were assimilating the sound of the Byrds into theirRubber Soulalbum, most notably on the songs "Nowhere Man"and"If I Needed Someone".[79]Both Unterberger and author Peter Lavezzoli have commented that Dylan himself decided to record withelectric instrumentationon his 1965 albumBringing It All Back Homein part due to the influence of the Byrds' rock adaptation of "Mr. Tambourine Man".[80][81]

As the 1960s came to a close, folk rock changed and evolved away from the jangly template pioneered by the Byrds,[38]but, Unterberger argues, the band's influence could still be heard in the music ofFairport Convention.[82]Since the 1960s, the Byrds' jangly, folk rock sound has continued to influence popular music, with authors such as Chris Smith, Johnny Rogan, and Mark Deming, noting the band's influence on various acts includingBig Star,Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers,R.E.M.,the Long Ryders,the Smiths,the Bangles,the Stone Roses,Teenage Fanclub,andthe La's.[83][84][85]

In addition to appearing on the Byrds' debut album, "Mr. Tambourine Man" is included on several Byrds' compilation and live albums, includingThe Byrds Greatest Hits,Live at Royal Albert Hall 1971,The Very Best of The Byrds,The Essential Byrds,The Byrds Play Dylan,and the live disc of The Byrds'(Untitled)album.[86]The Byrds' version of the song appears on compilation albums that include hit songs by multiple artists.[86]Two earlier demo recordings of "Mr. Tambourine Man", dating from the World Pacific rehearsal sessions, can be heard on the Byrds' archival albumsPreflyte,In the Beginning,andThe Preflyte Sessions.[87]

Personnel

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According to Christopher Hjort:[88]

The Byrds

Additional musicians

Note

  • On the final recording,Leon Russell'selectric pianocontribution was mixed out, and Hjort writes that Cole and Pitman's guitars are "barely audible".[88]Jim Dickson,the Byrds' manager, suggests that Clark's harmony vocal was mixed out and is only faintly audible due tobleed.[89]

Charts

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Certifications

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Certifications and sales for "Mr. Tambourine Man"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[100]
Bob Dylan version 		Silver 200,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[101]
The Byrds version 		Silver 200,000‡

‡Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Other recordings

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Pictured in 1963,folksingerJudy Collinscovered "Mr. Tambourine Man" in 1965.

"Mr. Tambourine Man" has been performed and recorded by many artists and in different languages over the years, including at least thirteen versions recorded in 1965 alone.[10]The Brothers Fourrecorded a commercial version beforethe Byrds,but were unable to release it due to licensing issues.[102][disputed–discuss]Odettaincluded her version of the song on her albumOdetta Sings Dylan,released early March 1965.[103][104]Notable recordings of the song have been made byJudy Collins,Stevie Wonder,the Four Seasons,the Barbarians,andChad and Jeremy.[14]Other artists who have recorded the song includeAlvin and the Chipmunks(1965),[105]Glen Campbell(1965),the Beau Brummels(1966),the Lettermen(1966),Kenny Rankin(1967),Melanie(1968),Joni Mitchell(1970),[106]Gene Clark(1984) andCrowded House(1989).[107]William Shatnerrecorded aspoken wordcover of the song for his 1968 albumThe Transformed Man.[10]

A reunited line-up of the Byrds, featuringRoger McGuinn,Chris Hillman, and David Crosby, performed "Mr. Tambourine Man" with Dylan at aRoy Orbisontribute concert on February 24, 1990. This live performance of the song was included on the 1990box setThe Byrds.[108]At the October 1992 Bob Dylan 30th anniversary tribute concert atMadison Square Garden,McGuinn performed the song, backed byTom Petty,Mike Campbell,andBenmont Tench,among others.[10][109]

In creative works

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"Mr. Tambourine Man" has been referenced in books and film, includingTom Wolfe's non-fiction novelThe Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test,[110]Stephen King's novelCarrie,[111]the filmDangerous Minds,[112][113][114]and thedocumentary filmGonzo: The Life and Work of Dr. Hunter S. Thompson.The subject of the latter film, journalistHunter S. Thompson,had "Mr. Tambourine Man" played at his funeral and dedicated his novelFear and Loathing in Las Vegasto Dylan and the song.[115]Ann Hui's 1990 filmSong of the Exilebegins withMaggie Cheungriding a bicycle through the streets of London while a street performer plays the song.[116]The 2013John Craigiesong, "I Wrote Mr. Tambourine Man", is about a person that Craigie met in New Orleans who claimed to have written the original lyrics to "Mr. Tambourine Man".[117]

Legacy

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The Byrds' version of "Mr. Tambourine Man" was listed as the number 79 song onRolling Stone's list of the500 Greatest Songs of All Time,and Dylan's version was ranked number 106.[118]It is one of three songs to place twice, along with "Walk This Way"by bothAerosmithandRun-DMCwithPerryandTyler,and "Blue Suede Shoes"by bothCarl PerkinsandElvis Presley.[118]The Byrds' version was honored with aGrammy Hall of Fame Awardin 1998, and Dylan's version was honored with the same award in 2002.[119]

In 1989Rolling Stoneranked the Byrds' version of "Mr. Tambourine Man" as the number 86 single of the prior 25 years.[120]That same year, music criticDave Marshlisted it as number 207 in his list of the top 1001 singles ever made.[121]In 1999,National Public Radioin the United States listed this version as one of the 300 most important American records of the 20th century.[122]In the UK, music criticColin Larkinlisted the Byrds' version as the number 1 single of all time.[123]Other UK publishers that have listed this song as one of the top songs or singles includeMojo,New Musical Express,andSounds.[124][125][126]Australian music criticToby Creswellincluded the song in his book1001 Songs: The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists, Stories and Secrets Behind Them.[58]

In a 2005 readers' poll reported inMojo,Dylan's version of "Mr. Tambourine Man" was listed as the number four all-time greatest Bob Dylan song, and a similar poll of artists ranked the song number 14.[127]In 2002,Uncutlisted it as the number 15 all-time Dylan song.[128]

References

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  2. ^abcdefghijklmHeylin 2009,pp. 181–186
  3. ^abcdWilliamson 2006,pp. 223–224
  4. ^Williamson 2006,p. 268
  5. ^Roger McGuinn (January 24, 2010)."Ramblin' Jack Elliott: folk pioneer".theguardian.com.
  6. ^Heylin 1995,p. 29
  7. ^Heylin 1995,pp. 20, 29
  8. ^Heylin 2002,pp. 104–106
  9. ^abVaresi 2002,pp. 51–53
  10. ^abcdefghTrager 2004,pp. 438–441
  11. ^abcGill 1998,pp. 74–75
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  13. ^Dylan 2006,pp. 152–153
  14. ^abcdefghijkRuhlmann
  15. ^Sean Egan (May 12, 2011).The Mammoth Book of Bob Dylan.Hachette UK. p. 92.ISBN9781849017633.
  16. ^abRogovoy 2009,pp. 81–82
  17. ^abHinchey 2002,pp. 94–99
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  19. ^abShelton 1997,pp. 274–275
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  57. ^ab"Roger McGuinn interview in LEGENDARY BAND TELLS Why Bob Dylan GAVE His Only #1 SONG to Them in the 60s".Professor of Rock. June 11, 2021.RetrievedJune 22,2021.
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