Wikipedia

Munich(2005 film)

Munichis a 2005epichistorical dramafilm produced and directed bySteven Spielberg,co-written byTony KushnerandEric Roth.It is based on the 1984 bookVengeancebyGeorge Jonas,an account ofMossad assassinations following the Munich massacre.

Munich
Theatrical release poster
Directed bySteven Spielberg
Screenplay by
Based onVengeance
byGeorge Jonas
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyJanusz Kamiński
Edited byMichael Kahn
Music byJohn Williams
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release date
  • December 23, 2005(2005-12-23)(United States)
Running time
163 minutes
Countries
  • United States
  • Canada
Languages
  • English
  • French
  • German
  • Hebrew
  • Arabic
Budget$70 million[1]
Box office$131 million[1]

Munichwas released byUniversal Picturesin the United States and internationally byDreamWorks Pictureson December 23, 2005, and received fiveOscarnominations:Best Picture,Best Director,Best Adapted Screenplay,Best Editing,andBest Score.The film made $131 million worldwide but just $47 million in the United States, making it one of Spielberg's lowest-grossing films domestically.[2]In 2017, the film was named the 16th "Best Film of the 21st Century So Far" byThe New York Times.[3]

Plot

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A scene from the film representing the Mossad team from 1972. From left to right: Avner Kaufman, Robert, Carl, Hans and Steve.

At the1972 Summer OlympicsinMunich,thePalestinianmilitant groupBlack Septembercarried outa terrorist attackresulting in the deaths of 11 members of theIsraeli Olympic team.Avner Kaufman, aMossadagent ofGerman-Jewishdescent, is chosen to lead a mission to assassinate 11 Palestinians allegedly involved in the massacre. At the direction of hishandlerEphraim, to give the Israeli governmentplausible deniability,Kaufman resigns from Mossad and operates with no official ties toIsrael.His team includes four Jewish volunteers from around the world:South Africandriver Steve,Belgiantoy-maker and explosives expert Robert, former Israeli soldier and "cleaner"Carl, and German antique dealer and document forger Hans fromFrankfurt.They are given information by a French informant, Louis, whose family's history is connected tothe French Resistance.

InRome,the team shoots and killsWael Zwaiter,who is living as a poet. InParis,they detonate a bomb in the home ofMahmoud Hamshari.InCyprus,they bomb the hotel room of Hussein Abd Al Chir. WithIDFcommandos, they pursue three Palestinian militants—Muhammad Youssef al-Najjar,Kamal Adwan,andKamal Nasser—toBeirut,penetrate the Palestinians' guarded compoundand kill all three.

Between hits, the assassins argue with each other about the morality and logistics of their mission, expressing fear about their individual lack of experience, as well as their apparent ambivalence about accidentally killing innocent bystanders. Avner makes a brief visit to his wife, who has given birth to their first baby. InAthens,when they track down Zaiad Muchasi, the team finds out that Louis arranged for them to share a safe house with their rivalPLOmembers and the Mossad agents escape trouble by pretending to be members of foreign militant groups likeETA,IRA,ANC,and theRed Army Faction.Avner has a heartfelt conversation with PLO member Ali over their homelands and who deserves to rule over the lands. Ali is later shot by Carl while the team escapes from the hit on Muchasi.

The squad moves on toLondonto track downAli Hassan Salameh,who orchestrated the Munich massacre, but the assassination attempt is interrupted by several drunkenAmericans.It is implied that these are agents of theCIA,which, according to Louis, protects and funds Salameh in exchange for his promise not to attackUnited Statesdiplomats. Meanwhile, attempts are made to kill the assassins themselves. Carl is killed by an independentDutchcontract killer. In revenge, the team tracks her down and executes her at a houseboat inHoorn,Netherlands.Hans is found stabbed to death on a park bench, and Robert is killed by an explosion in his workshop. Avner and Steve finally locate Salameh inSpain,but again their assassination attempt is thwarted, this time by Salameh's armed guards. Avner and Steve disagree on whether Louis has sold information on the team to the PLO.

A disillusioned Avner flies toIsrael,where he is unhappy to be hailed as a hero by two young soldiers, and then to his new home inBrooklyn,where he sufferspost-traumatic stress,paranoiaand has flashbacks from the Munich massacre. Concerns continue to grow when he speaks to Louis' father by phone and it is revealed he knows his real name and promises no violence will come to him from his family. He is thrown out of the Israeli consulate after storming in to demand that Mossad leave his wife and child alone. Ephraim comes to ask Avner to return to Israel and Mossad, but Avner refuses. Avner then asks Ephraim to come to dinner with his family, to break bread as an allegory to make peace, but Ephraim refuses, perhaps as a sign that neither side will reconcile.

A title card reveals 9[a]of the 11 targeted Palestinians were killed, including Salameh, who was finally killed in 1979.

Cast

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Soundtrack

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Munich
Film scoreby
John Williams
ReleasedDecember 27, 2005
Recorded2005
StudioSony Pictures Studios
GenreSoundtrack
Length62:37
LabelDecca
ProducerJohn Williams
John Williamschronology
Memoirs of a Geisha
(2005) 		Munich
(2005) 		Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
(2008)

Thefilm scorewas composed and conducted byJohn Williams.[4]It features thewailing womantechnique.[5]

Thesoundtrack albumwas nominated for theAcademy Award for Best Original Scorebut lost to the score of the filmBrokeback Mountain.It was also nominated for theGrammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Mediabut lost to the score ofMemoirs of a Geisha(also scored by Williams).

AllMusicrated the soundtrack three and a half stars out of five.[6]Filmtracks.comrated it four out of five.[7]SoundtrackNet rated it four and a half out of five.[8]ScoreNotes graded it "A−".[9]

Historical authenticity

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AlthoughMunichis a work of fiction, it describes many actual events and figures from the early 1970s. On the Israeli side, Prime MinisterGolda Meiris depicted in the film, and other military and political leaders such as Attorney GeneralMeir Shamgar,Mossad chiefZvi ZamirandAmanchiefAharon Yarivare also depicted. Spielberg tried to make the depiction of the hostage-taking and killing of the Israeli athletes historically authentic.[10]Unlike an earlier film,21 Hours at Munich,Spielberg's film depicts the shooting ofallthe Israeli athletes, which according to the autopsies was accurate. In addition, the film uses actual news clips shot during the hostage situation.

Israeli/American actorGuri Weinbergportrays his own father, wrestling coachMoshe.The younger Weinberg was only one month old when his father was killed.

The named members ofBlack September,and their deaths, are also mostly factual.Abdel Wael Zwaiter,a translator at theLibyanEmbassy in Rome, was shot 11 times, one bullet for each of the victims of the Munich Massacre, in the lobby of his apartment 41 days after Munich. On December 8 of that yearMahmoud Hamshari,a senior PLO figure, was killed inParisby a bomb concealed in the table below his telephone. Although the film depicts the bomb being concealed in the telephone itself, other details of the assassination (such as confirmation of the target via telephone call) are accurate. Others killed during this period includeMohammed Boudia,Basil Al Kubaisi,Hussein al-Bashir, and Zaiad Muchasi, some of whose deaths are depicted in the film.Ali Hassan Salamehwas also a real person and a prominent member of Black September. In 1979 he was killed inBeirutby a car bomb[11]that also killed four innocent bystanders and injured 18 others.[12]

The commando raid inBeirut,known asOperation Spring of Youth,also occurred. This attack included future Israeli Prime MinisterEhud BarakandYom Kippur WarandOperation EntebbeparticipantYonatan Netanyahu,who are both portrayed by name in the film. The methods used to track down and assassinate the Black September members were much more complicated than the methods portrayed in the film; for example, the tracking of the Black September cell members was achieved by a network of Mossad agents, not an informant as depicted in the film.[13]

Atlantic Productions,producers ofBAFTA-nominated documentaryMunich: Mossad's Revenge,listed several discrepancies between Spielberg's film and the information it obtained from interviews with Mossad agents involved in the operation. It noted that the film suggests one group carried out almost all the assassinations, whereas in reality, it was a much larger team. Mossad did not work with a mysterious French underworld figure as portrayed in the book and the film. The assassination campaign did not end because agents lost their nerve but because of theLillehammer affairin which an innocentMoroccanwaiter was killed. This is not mentioned in the film. As acknowledged by Spielberg, the targets were not all directly involved in Munich.[14]

Former Mossad operatives criticized the film for inaccurately portraying Mossad operations.David Kimche,the former deputy director of the Mossad, said "I think it is a tragedy that a person of the stature of Steven Spielberg, who has made such fantastic films, should have based this film on a book that is a falsehood." Former Mossad operativesGad ShimronandVictor Ostrovskyalso dismissed the scene in which Prime MinisterGolda Meirpersonally recruits Avner to lead the team as fiction. Mossad veterans were critical of themodus operandiportrayed by the film, in which a single hit team is sent into the field for months, and which includes a forger and bomb-maker to enable it to function alone. They claimed that in reality, the assassinations were conducted by large numbers of personnel, with hit teams assembled and sent out on anad hocbasis, never spending more than a few days or at most weeks in the field, and withdrawn as soon as each mission was complete. The all-male makeup of the team was criticized; former operatives claimed it was standard practice to include female agents on such missions to help get closer to targets. The film's portrayal of the assassins as gradually developing feelings of revulsion over what they were doing was also panned as inaccurate, with veterans claiming that the assassins did not doubt what they were doing and that the Mossad provides psychologists for any agents who develop doubts about their missions.[15][16]

According to British intelligence writerGordon Thomas,senior Mossad personnel, among them director generalMeir Dagan,held a private viewing of the film, and "In the darkened cinema they sat first in silence and then a steady mounting murmured chorus of 'it could never have happened like this'… 'this is fantasy'… 'this is pure fiction'… 'this is history, Hollywood style'." Thomas cited Dagan as calling the film "absolute rubbish" and claiming that those who viewMunichwould come away with a "seriously distorted view of the truth." He also cited one of Dagan's aides as stating "Dagan felt Munich is more Indiana Jones than any semblance of reality. The hunting down of the Black September killers was a carefully controlled operation that involved a large number of people. The kidon had undergone weeks of studying their targets. Little of this appears in the film."[16]

Controversies

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Some reviewers criticizedMunichfor what they call the film's equating the Israeli assassins with "terrorists".[17]Leon Wieseltierwrote inThe New Republic:"Worse,Munichprefers a discussion of counter-terrorism to a discussion of terrorism; or it thinks that they are the same discussion ".[18]

Melman and other critics of the book and the film have said that the story's premise—that Israeli agents had second thoughts about their work—is not supported by interviews or public statements. In an interview withReuters,a retired head of Israel'sShin Betintelligence service and former Internal Security Minister,Avi Dichter,likenedMunichto a children's adventure story: "There is no comparison between what you see in the movie and how it works in reality".[19]In aTimemagazine cover story about the film on December 4, 2005, Spielberg said that the source of the film had second thoughts about his actions. "There is something about killing people at close range that is excruciating," Spielberg said. "It's bound to try a man's soul." Of the real Avner, Spielberg says, "I don't think he will ever find peace."[20]

TheZionist Organization of America(ZOA) – describing itself as "the oldest, and one of the largest, pro-Israel and Zionist organizations in the United States" – called for aboycottof the film on December 27, 2005.[21]The ZOA criticized the factual basis of the film and leveled criticism at one of the screenwriters,Tony Kushner,whom the ZOA has described as an "Israel-hater".[22]Criticism was also directed at theAnti-Defamation League's (ADL) National Director,Abraham Foxman,for his support of the film.[21]

David Edelsteinof the onlineSlatemagazine argued that "The Israeli government and many conservative and pro-Israeli commentators have lambasted the film for naiveté, for implying that governments should never retaliate. But an expression of uncertainty and disgust is not the same as one of outright denunciation. WhatMunichdoes say is that this shortsighted tit-for-tat can produce a kind of insanity, both individual and collective. "[23]

Ilana Romano, wife of an Israeli weightlifterYossef Romanokilled in the Munich massacre, said that Spielberg overlooked theLillehammer affair,[24][25][26]although Spielberg seems to have been conscious of the omission; the film's opening title frame showsLillehammerin a montage of city names, withMunichstanding out from the rest. TheJewish Journalsaid that "the revenge squad obsess about making sure only their targets are hit -- and meticulous care is taken to avoid collateral damage. Yet in one shootout an innocent man is also slain... The intense moral contortions the agents experience as the corpses pile up makes up the substance of the movie."[27]

According toRonen Bergmanas reported inNewsweek,it is a myth thatMossadagents hunted down and killed those responsible for the killing of 11 Israeli athletes and a German policeman at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games; in fact most of the people were never killed or caught. Most of the people that Mossad did kill had nothing to do with the Munich deaths. He says the film was based on a book whose source was an Israeli who claimed to be the lead assassin of the hit squad, but in fact, was a baggage inspector at Tel Aviv airport.[28]

Reception

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Box office

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The film grossed $47 million at the box office in North America but performed better overseas, earning $83 million which brings the worldwide total of $131 million.

Critical reception

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OnRotten Tomatoes,the film has a 78% approval rating based on 211 reviews, with an average rating of 7.40/10. The site's consensus reads, "Munichcan't quite achieve its lofty goals, but this thrilling, politically even-handed look at the fallout from an intractable political conflict is still well worth watching. "[29]Metacriticassigned the film a weighted average score of 74 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[30]Audiences polled byCinemaScoregave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[31]

Roger Ebertpraised the film, saying, "With this film [Spielberg] has dramatically opened a wider dialogue, helping to make the inarguable into the debatable."[32][33]He placed it at No. 3 on his top ten list of 2005.[34]James Berardinelliwrote that "Munichis an eye-opener – a motion picture that asks difficult questions, presents well-developed characters, and keeps us white-knuckled throughout. "He named it the best film of the year;[35]it was the only film in 2005 to which Berardinelli gave four stars,[36]and he also put it on his Top 100 Films of All Time list.[37]Entertainment Weeklyfilm critic Owen Gleiberman mentionedMunichamongst the best movies of the decade.[38]Rex Reed fromThe New York Observerdisagrees, writing: "With no heart, no ideology and not much intellectual debate,Munichis a big disappointment, and something of a bore. "[39]

VarietyreviewerTodd McCarthycalledMunicha "beautifully made" film. However, he criticized the film for failing to include "compelling" characters, and for its use of laborious plotting and a "flabby script." McCarthy says that the film turns into "... a lumpy and overlong morality play on a failed thriller template." To succeed, McCarthy states that Spielberg would have needed to engage the viewer in the assassin squad leader's growing crisis of conscience and create a more "sustain(ed) intellectual interest" for the viewer.[40]Writing inEmpire,Ian Nathan wrote "Munichis Steven Spielberg's most difficult film. It arrives already inflamed by controversy.... This is Spielberg operating at his peak—an exceptionally made, provocative, and vital film for our times. "[41]

Chicago Tribunereviewer Allison Benedikt callsMunicha "competent thriller", but laments that as an "intellectual pursuit, it is little more than a pretty prism through which superficial Jewish guilt and generalized Palestinian nationalism" are made to "... look like the product of serious soul-searching." Benedikt states that Spielberg's treatment of the film's "dense and complicated" subject matter can be summed up as "Palestinians want a homeland, Israelis have to protect theirs." She rhetorically asks: "Do we need another handsome, well-assembled, entertaining movie to prove that we all bleed red?"[42]

Another critique was Gabriel Schoenfeld's "Spielberg's 'Munich'" in the February 2006 issue ofCommentary,who called it "pernicious".He compared the fictional film to history, asserted that Spielberg and especially Kushner felt that the Palestinian terrorists and the Mossad agents are morally equivalent, and concluded:" The movie deserves an Oscar in one category only: most hypocritical film of the year. "[43]Israeli author and journalistAaron J. Kleinwrote inSlatethat the movie was a "distortion" of facts, concluding that "A rigorous factual accounting may not be the point of Munich, which Spielberg has characterized as a 'prayer for peace.' But as result,Munichhas less to do with history and the grim aftermath of the Munich Massacre than some might wish. "[44]

In defense of the climactic sex scene, critics Jim Emerson of theChicago Sun-Timesand Matt Zoller Seitz ofSaloncompared it toLady Macbeth's suicide inWilliam Shakespeare'sMacbeth,interpreting the sequence as representing the corruption of Avner's personal life as a result of his being conditioned to kill others to avenge Munich.[45]

Top ten lists

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Munichwas listed on many critics' top ten lists.[46]

Awards and nominations

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Award Category Recipient(s) Result
Academy Awards Best Picture Steven Spielberg,Kathleen Kennedy,Barry Mendel Nominated
Best Director Steven Spielberg Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Tony Kushner,Eric Roth Nominated
Best Film Editing Michael Kahn Nominated
Best Original Score John Williams Nominated
AFI Awards Best International Actor Eric Bana Nominated
ACE Eddie Awards Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic Michael Kahn Nominated
Central Ohio Film Critics Association Awards Best Ensemble Cast Won
Critics' Choice Awards Best Picture Munich Nominated
Best Director Steven Spielberg Nominated
Directors Guild of America Awards Outstanding Directing – Feature Film Steven Spielberg Nominated
Empire Awards Best Thriller Munich Nominated
Golden Eagle Awards[49] Best Foreign Language Film Munich Nominated
Golden Globe Awards Best Director Steven Spielberg Nominated
Best Screenplay Tony Kushner, Eric Roth Nominated
Golden Reel Awards Sound Editing in Feature Film Nominated
Golden Trailer Awards Trailer of the Year Nominated
Grammy Awards Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media John Williams Nominated
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards Best Film Munich Won
Best Director Steven Spielberg Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Tony Kushner, Eric Roth Won
National Society of Film Critics Awards Best Supporting Actor Mathieu Amalric Nominated
Best Screenplay Tony Kushner Nominated
New York Film Critics Circle Awards Best Film Munich Nominated
Best Director Steven Spielberg Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Mathieu Amalric Nominated
Best Screenplay Tony Kushner Nominated
Online Film Critics Society Awards Best Picture Munich Nominated
Best Director Steven Spielberg Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Tony Kushner, Eric Roth Nominated
Best Editing Michael Kahn Nominated
Best Original Score John Williams Nominated
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards Best Film Munich Won
Best Director Steven Spielberg Won
Best Supporting Actor Geoffrey Rush Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Tony Kushner Nominated
World Soundtrack Awards Best Original Soundtrack John Williams Nominated

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^A book calledStriding Back,which was published in 2006, the year after the film was released, claimedWadie Haddadwas given poisoned chocolate byMossad.If that were true that would mean actually 10 of the 11 targets were killed.Abu Daoudwas still alive when the film was released.

References

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  1. ^ab"Munich (2005)".Box Office Mojo.Archivedfrom the original on 2 September 2015.Retrieved27 August2015.
  2. ^"Steven Spielberg".Box Office Mojo.Archivedfrom the original on 2019-07-26.Retrieved2020-04-20.
  3. ^Dargis, Manohla; Scott, A.O. (9 June 2017)."The 25 Best Films of the 21st Century...So Far".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 8 July 2017.Retrieved8 July2017.
  4. ^"John Williams – Munich Original Motion Picture Soundtrack".discogs.com.Archivedfrom the original on 2013-11-24.Retrieved2014-04-09.
  5. ^Dave Roos (May 25, 2004)."Wail watching".Salon.com.Archivedfrom the original on April 30, 2023.RetrievedMay 18,2023.
  6. ^Allmusic review
  7. ^"Filmtracks: Munich (John Williams)".www.filmtracks.com.Archivedfrom the original on 2020-11-13.Retrieved2020-08-27.
  8. ^"Munich Soundtrack (2005)".www.soundtrack.net.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-09-25.Retrieved2020-08-27.
  9. ^"Multiple resources in the form of reviews, interviews, guides and more".ibooked.no.Archived fromthe originalon November 6, 2012.
  10. ^Note: Israeli actor Gur Weinberg, one month old in September 1972 was used to portray his fatherMoshe,the wrestling coach and first hostage killed.
  11. ^Harari EvidenceArchived2012-07-24 atarchive.todayCopi
  12. ^"Death of a Terrorist".Time.5 February 1979. Archived fromthe originalon October 12, 2008.
  13. ^Klein, Aaron J. (December 22, 2005)."'Striking Back' Look at Munich Killings, Aftermath ".NPR.Archivedfrom the original on May 3, 2012.RetrievedJuly 8,2012.
  14. ^MacAskill, Ewen (January 26, 2006)."Munich: Mossad breaks cover".The Guardian.London.Archivedfrom the original on December 10, 2017.RetrievedMay 13,2010.
  15. ^"Israel's ex-spies question 'Munich' details".28 December 2005.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-02-24.Retrieved2022-12-22.
  16. ^ab"We know where you live".The Sydney Morning Herald.2006-01-14.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-06-29.
  17. ^Ain, Stewart (December 16, 2005)."'Munich' Refuels Debate Over Moral Equivalency ".The Jewish Week.Archived fromthe originalon October 9, 2007.RetrievedJanuary 6,2007.
  18. ^Wieseltier, Leon (December 19, 2005). "Hits".The New Republic.Vol. 233, no. 4, 744. p. 38.
  19. ^Urquhart, Conal (December 19, 2005)."Sharon's aide helps Spielberg promote controversial film".The Guardian.London.RetrievedMay 13,2010.
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  22. ^"Playwright Tony Kushner Supports Boycotting And Divesting From Israel – Yet Brandeis U. Is Honoring Him"(Press release). Zionist Organization of America. May 5, 2006. Archived fromthe originalon September 28, 2007.
  23. ^Edelstein, David (December 22, 2005)."Death of a Hit Man".Slate.Archivedfrom the original on February 7, 2006.RetrievedMarch 28,2006.
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  25. ^Spielberg's Munich, Ethics and Israel,(Journal of)Israel Studies–11(2), Summer 2006, pp. 168-171[1]Archived2013-10-21 at theWayback Machine
  26. ^The Morality of RevengeArchived2010-07-29 at theWayback Machine,Der Spiegel,Erich Follath and Gerhard Spörl, January 23, 2006
  27. ^Munich — A Risky Move for SpielbergArchived2013-06-15 at theWayback MachineIgor Davis,Jewish Journal,December 1, 2005
  28. ^"A secret history of Israeli assassinations".Newsweek.2 February 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 16 March 2018.Retrieved16 March2018.
  29. ^"Munich (2005)".Rotten Tomatoes.Fandango.Archivedfrom the original on May 23, 2023.RetrievedApril 18,2021.
  30. ^"Munich".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 2020-11-12.Retrieved2020-10-26.
  31. ^"Home".CinemaScore.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-04-13.Retrieved2022-02-28.
  32. ^Ebert, Roger (25 December 2005)."A telephone call with Spielberg".Chicago Sun-Times.Archived fromthe originalon 12 October 2012.Retrieved29 August2015.
  33. ^Ebert, Roger (22 December 2005)."Reviews: Munich".Chicago Sun-Times.Archivedfrom the original on 7 June 2019.Retrieved29 August2015.
  34. ^Ebert, Roger (18 December 2005)."Ebert's Best 10 Movies of 2005".Chicago Sun-Times.Archivedfrom the original on 4 September 2015.Retrieved29 August2015.
  35. ^Berardinelli, James."Munich (United States, 2005)".Reelviews.Archivedfrom the original on 28 October 2017.Retrieved29 August2015.
  36. ^"4 Stars in 2005".Reelviews.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved29 August2015.
  37. ^"James Berardinelli's All-Time Top 100".Reelviews.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved29 August2015.
  38. ^Gleiberman, Owen (25 December 2009)."Owen Gleiberman's 10 Best Movies of the Decade".Entertainment Weekly.Archivedfrom the original on 17 June 2022.Retrieved17 June2022.
  39. ^Reed, Rex (December 26, 2005)."Pierce My Heart! 007 is The Matador".The New York Observer.Archived fromthe originalon March 19, 2008.
  40. ^McCarthy, Todd (December 9, 2005)."Munich Review".Variety.
  41. ^"Empire's Munich Movie Review".Empire online.December 5, 2006.Archivedfrom the original on May 28, 2012.RetrievedJuly 8,2012.
  42. ^Benedikt, Allison (August 31, 2007)."Movie review: Munich".Chicago Tribune.Archived fromthe originalon August 17, 2007.
  43. ^Schoenfeld, Gabriel (February 1, 2006)."Spielberg's" Munich "Commentary Magazine".Commentary Magazine.Archived fromthe originalon July 24, 2012.RetrievedJuly 8,2012.
  44. ^Klein, Aaron J. (2005-12-23)."Separating truth from fiction in Spielberg's Munich".Slate Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-06-05.Retrieved2021-06-05.
  45. ^"The year's most audacious sex scene".Chicago Sun-Times.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-08-05.
  46. ^"Metacritic: 2005 Film Critic Top Ten Lists".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 2007-12-14.Retrieved2007-12-14.
  47. ^"Ebert and Roeper Top Ten Lists – Inner Mind".www.innermind.com.Archivedfrom the original on 2018-05-25.Retrieved2018-03-11.
  48. ^"Harry's Top Ten Best Films of 2005!!!".
  49. ^Золотой Орел 2006[Golden Eagle 2006] (in Russian). Ruskino.ru.Archivedfrom the original on 7 March 2017.Retrieved6 March2017.

Further reading

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