National Hunt racing

National Hunt racingis a form of horse racing particular toFrance,Great Britain,andIreland,that requires horses to jump fences and ditches. In the UK it is divided into two major distinct branches,hurdlingandsteeplechase,as well as flat races called "bumpers".Hurdling involved the horses jumping over obstacles calledhurdles,whereas in a steeplechase the horses jump over a variety of obstacles that can include plainfences,water jumpor an open ditch.In the UK, the biggest National Hunt events of the year are generally considered to be theGrand Nationaland theCheltenham Gold Cup.

Overview

Most of the National Hunt season takes place in the winter when the softer ground makes jumping less dangerous for the horses racing.The horses are much cheaper, as the majority aregeldingsand have no breeding value.This makes the sport morepopularas the horses are not usually retired at such a young age and thus become familiar to the racing public over a number of seasons.

Jump racing is most popular inBritain,IrelandandFrance.In Ireland the sport receives much higher attendances than flat racing, while in England, Wales and Scotland it is more balanced, but the different seasons (there is little top-class flat racing in Britain from November to March) mean that most fans of the sport can enjoy both forms of racing at their pleasure.

National Hunt horses are often bred for jumping, while others are former flat horses. National Hunt horses do not have to beThoroughbreds:many French-bred jumpers areSelle FrançaisorAQPS.Many horses begin their racing careers in amateurpoint-to-pointingwhere they compete over steeplechase races of three miles (4.8 km).

The two main highlights of the National Hunt calendar are theCheltenham Festivalmeeting and theGrand Nationalmeeting. The Cheltenham Festival is held atCheltenham Racecourseover four days in the second week of March. It features elevengrade oneraces, culminating in theCheltenham Gold Cup,the most prestigious Chase race in the world, on the Friday. TheGrand Nationalmeeting is held atAintreeover three days every April. Many of the best horses come to these festivals, which are watched by a huge television audience worldwide. Hundreds of millions ofpoundsare gambled on these festivals.

Other important festivals are: theGalway Races– a hugely popular mixed (NH and flat) meeting in Ireland;Punchestown Festival– the Irish equivalent of the Cheltenham Festival;The Tingle CreekatSandown Park Racecourse;theScottish Grand NationalatAyr Racecourse;theKing George VI ChaseatKempton Park Racecourse;theWelsh NationalatChepstow Racecourse;and theIrish NationalatFairyhouse Racecourse.

History

National Hunt racing originated inIreland,particularly in the southern counties. Early races were mainly two-horse contests known as "pounding races" that became popular in the early 18th century. These involved long trips across country where horses were required to jump whatever obstacles the landscape threw in their way.

The first recorded race of this nature is traditionally said to have taken place between the towns ofButtevantandDonerailein the north ofCounty Corkin 1752.The distance of the race was 4.5 miles (7.2 km). The start and finish were marked by the church steeple in each town, hence the term "steeplechase".Point-to-point races, amateur steeplechases normally run on farmland, remain hugely popular in the same region and in many parts of ruralIrelandandGreat Britain,today.

The first use of the term steeplechase on an officialracecardwas in Ireland in the early 19th century. The 'official' first running of theGrand National,held annually atAintreein England, took place in 1839 and was won by an Irish horse,Lottery.The "National", as it is known, was run over 4.5 miles (7.2 km), but since 2013 is run over 4.3 miles (6.9 km). Notably, the 'Liverpool Grand Steeplechase' (to give its original name) was actually initiated in 1836, although the three earliest runnings have been overlooked in many historical chronicles.

Organised steeplechasing in Britain began with annual events being staged cross country over a number of fields, hedges and brooks, the earliest most notable of these being the St Albans Steeplechase (first run in 1830). For some years, there was no regulation ofsteeplechasing.The sport gained a reputation as being a bastard relation offlat-racingand consequently fell into decline.

A breakthrough came in the 1860s with the formation of the National Hunt Committee, and the running of the National Hunt Steeplechase. This steeplechase would form part of an annual race-meeting staged at a different track each year. The 'National Hunt Meeting' established itself in the racing calendar, in turn moving around such courses as Sandown, Newmarket, Derby, Liverpool, Hurst Park, Lincoln, Leicester and many others.

In 1904 and 1905,Cheltenhamhosted the meeting, and although Warwick was awarded it for five years after that, it then returned toCheltenhamwhich became the permanent home of the fixture. Further prestigious races were added to the card during the 1920s, such as the Cheltenham Gold Cup and Champion Hurdle.

As steeplechasing entered its modern era, the Cheltenham Festival became the pinnacle of the season, providing a series ofchampionshipraces at which virtually all top horses would be targeted.

With the introduction ofsponsorship(starting with the Whitbread Gold Cup in 1957), a whole host of other important races have been added to the National Hunt racing season, although many of these are geared towards generating betting turnover in the form of competitive handicaps that attract large numbers of runners.

National Hunt racing today

Given the sport's origins, Irish-bred and trained horses remain a dominant force in national hunt racing today. In 2005 and 2006, Irish-trained horses captured the three main prizes at Cheltenham and won the Grand National.Best Matewho captured theCheltenham Gold Cupthree successive times between 2002 and 2004, was Irish-bred, but trained and owned inEngland.

In recent years however French-bred horses have also come to the forefront with horses such as Master Minded becoming the highest rated horse in Britain after winning the Queen Mother Champion Chase.Kauto Starwho won the Gold Cup in 2007, 2009 and was second in 2008 is also French bred.

Types of race

• Chase–
  • run over distances of2–4+1⁄2miles (3–7 km).
  • over obstacles calledfencesthat are a minimum of4+1⁄2feet (1.4 m) high.
• Hurdling–
  • run over distances of2–3+1⁄2miles (3–5.5 km).
  • over obstacles calledhurdlesthat are a minimum of3+1⁄2feet (1.1 m) high.
• National Hunt Flat race(NH Flat) –
  • are flat races for horses that have not yet competed either in flat racing or over obstacles, often called 'bumper' races.
  • run over distances of1+1⁄2–2+1⁄2miles (2.5–4 km).

Grades and classes

Races are graded. The most prestigious are Grade 1, then Grade 2, Grade 3, Listed, Handicaps, to Bumpers the least prestigious. The more highly graded races attract more prize money and better horses. (In flat racing the more prestigious races are Group 1, 2, and 3, then Listed)

All National Hunt races are also classified in classes 1-7 (class 1 best). Graded and listed races are class 1.

See the list ofGrade 1-3 National Hunt racesand the list ofGroup 1-3 Flat races

Major National Hunt festivals

Cheltenham

The capital of National Hunt racing in the UK isCheltenham Racecourse,in theCotswolds,which hosts theCheltenham Festivalin the third week of March each year, as well as other important fixtures during the NH calendar.

There are numerous well-known trainers operating in the Cotswolds includingJonjo O'Neill,Richard Phillips, Tom George, Nigel Twiston-Davies, and latterly Kim Bailey.

The highlight of the Cheltenham Festival is theGold Cup.All races run at Cheltenham finish with a long uphill run-in in front of the stands. The Gold Cup is a Grade 1 race, run over a distance of3 miles2+1⁄2furlongs (5.3 km). All horses carry the same weight in the Gold Cup. On numerous occasions the hill at the finish has found out the brave. Famous winners of the Gold Cup includeDawn Run(mare, ridden by Jonjo O'Neill),Arkle,Golden Miller, Best Mate,Desert Orchid&Kauto Star.

Grand National

The highest profile National Hunt race is theGrand National,run atAintreein April each year. The race is a different sort of contest from the Gold Cup: it is a Grade 3 race, it is run over a distance of more than 4 miles (6.4 km), there are up to 40 runners, the course at Aintree is essentially flat, and the horses are handicapped (the best horses carry the most weight). Perhaps the most fundamental difference is that the Grand National fences are far bigger than the fences at Cheltenham, and a number of fences incorporate significant drops. The best known fence isBecher's Brookwhich is 5 ft (1.5 m) high, but has a 7 ft (2 m) drop on landing and is often regarded as the biggest challenge on the course.

Winners of the Grand National includeRed Rum(won 3 times:1973, 1974, 1977), runner up twice (1975, 1976));Mr Frisk(1990, the last winner to date to be ridden by an amateur jockey and still holds the record for the fastest time);Aldaniti(1981, ridden byBob Championshortly after he had recovered from cancer. His story was made into a film); andFoinavon(1967, won at odds of 100/1 after a mêlée at the 23rd fence resulted in the majority of the field falling or refusing. Foinavon was far enough behind at that point to avoid the confusion and ran on to win by 20 lengths. The fence where the mêlée occurred is now named "Foinavon Fence" ).

Other National Hunt races

Other NH races of note include theKing George VI Chase,run at Kempton Park on 26 December and theHennessy Gold Cuprun at Newbury at the end of November.

Hunter chase racing

Hunter chases take place at national hunt racecourses, but are only open to horses that have hunter certificates. Hunter certificates are issued to horses that have hunted for at least four days in the season before racing starts in January. In addition, the jockey must be an amateur who has obtained a certificate from the hunt secretary.

Unlikepoint-to-points,licensed trainers as well as amateur trainers may have runners in Hunter Chases. This often causes controversy when big name trainers run former Grade 1 horses in Hunter Chases as amateur trainers feel they are unable to compete. New rules which took effect in 2009 will prevent horses which have finished in the first 3 of a Grade 1 or 2 chase in the previous season from taking part.

The two biggest Hunter Chases are the AintreeFox Hunters' Chaseand CheltenhamFoxhunter Chase.The Aintree Fox Hunters' is run as the feature race on the first day of the Grand National meeting over one circuit of the Grand National course. This gives amateur riders the chance to jump these famous fences before the professionals.

The Cheltenham Foxhunter is run after the Gold Cup over the same distance and is often referred to as the amateur Gold Cup.

Point to point racing

Main article:Point to point racing

"Point to Point" racing is steeplechase racing for amateurs.

See also

• Steeplechasefor this style of horse racing more generically ('steeplechase' being the term used for similar styles of racing in the USA)

External links

• Follow the National Hunt Festival '08 with BBC Gloucestershire
• BBC Gloucestershire's Virtual Cheltenham: An insider's view of the world famous National Hunt course
• British Horseracing Authority - Guide to National Hunt racing
• National Hunt Chase. The race at the foundation of National Hunt Racing.