Nazran(Russian:Назра́нь;Ingush:Наьсаре,romanized:Näsare) is the largestcityinIngushetia,Russia.It served as the republic'scapitalfrom 1991 to 2000, until it was replaced byMagas,which was built for this purpose. It is the most populous city in the republic:122,350 (2021 Census);[8]93,335 (2010 Russian census);[1]125,066 (2002 Census);[9]18,246 (1989 Soviet census).[10]
Nazran
Назрань | |
|---|---|
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Ingush | Наьсаре |
Skyline of the town from the side of the Nazran pond Memorial of memory and glory Nazran Train Station A view of the Matt-loam from the side of Nazran TheZavodskoyraionof Nazran Gamurzievo | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Nazran  | |
  Nazran Location of Nazran  Nazran Nazran (Republic of Ingushetia) | |
| Coordinates:43°13′N44°46′E/ 43.217°N 44.767°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Ingushetia[1] |
| Founded | 1781[a] |
| City status since | 1967[4] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 80 km2(30 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 200 m (700 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 93,335 |
| • Rank | 183rdin 2010 |
| • Density | 1,200/km2(3,000/sq mi) |
| •Subordinated to | city of republic significanceof Nazran[4] |
| •Capitalof | Nazranovsky District,city of republic significance of Nazran[4] |
| •Urban okrug | Nazran Urban Okrug[5] |
| •Capitalof | Nazran Urban Okrug,[5]Nazranovsky Municipal District[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+3(MSK [6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 386100–386106, 386700, 386899 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 87322 |
| OKTMOID | 26706000001 |
| Website | www |
Etymology
editThe name of the town, possibly, derives from the name of the legendary first settlerNyasar(Ingush:Наьсар,also referred asNärt-NäsarIngush:Наьрт-Наьсар,lit. 'Hero Näsar').[11][12][b]
The town is associated by some scholars likeLeonid Lavrovwith the Arabic word "al nasaraa" (النصارى),[c]meaning "Christian",thus explaining that the name was gotten from the fact that supposedlyChristianityheld on for longer in Nazran unlike in other neighboring places inIngushetia.Although author explains thatMuslimsalready were present here in 1405–1406.[13]Vladimir Markovin also stated that the name of Nazran has anArabicorigin while quoting Lavrov.[14][d]
History
edit18th–20th centuries
edit
Theaulof Nazran was founded in the late 18th century,[15]with the official date of the foundation being considered 1781.[4]This is based on the report of L. L. Shteder, who during his expedition to Caucasus in 1781, noticed Ingush outposts on the river ofNazranka.[16] After becoming a military fortress in 1817, Nazran saw large numbers ofIngushpopulation moving into it. It was granted town status in 1967.[4]
During theRussian Empire,the settlement was the administrative capital of theNazranovsky Okrugof theTerek Oblast.During theSovietperiod, Nazran was theadministrative centerofNazranovsky Districtwithin theChechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.After the Republic of Ingushetia and theChechen Republicwere separated in 1991, the town became the republic's capital. This brought about a sharp increase in population: while counting 18,246 inhabitants according to the1989 Census,[17]during the2002 CensusNazran had as many as 125,056 inhabitants.[18]
21st century
edit2004 rebel raid on Nazran
editIn 2004, a group ofChechenand Ingush militants[19]carried out alarge-scale raidon Ingushetia, led byShamil Basayev.The overnight attacks targeted fifteen official buildings in Nazran, and at least three towns and villages located on the Baku-Rostov highway that crosses the republic from east to west.
The raid lasted nearly five hours, and the assailants - said to number 200 to 300 - withdrew almost unscathed; the raiders apparently lost only two men during the attacks. The rebels killed 67 members of security forces, including the republic's Interior Minister Abukar Kostoyev, his deputy Zyaudin Kotiev, top prosecutors, and other officials; they also captured and looted theMVD's armory and police depots. 25 civilians, including a localUnited Nationsworker, were killed in the crossfire.
Federal Interior MinisterRashid Nurgaliyevmet with General Vyacheslav Tikhomirov, the commander of Russia's Interior Ministry forces, and blamed them for the high number of deaths. Tikhomirov decided to resign after the meeting.
2008 protests
editWidespread protests erupted in January 2008, with a strong government response. The disturbances appear to have been fueled by heavy-handed government and para-military activity, including abductions, arrests and murders.[20]Protesters demanded the resignation of President Zyazikov.
2009 bombing
editIn August 2009, a suicide bomber drove a truck filled with explosives into the Nazran police headquarters. Russian news agencies reported that 25 were killed in the attack, and roughly 140 were wounded. It is believed that more bodies may still be in the rubble, yet to be found. The police headquarters was completely destroyed in the attack, including up to 30 police vehicles and munition stores.[21]
Geography
editLocation
edit
Nazran is located in the western area of Ingushetia, at the borders withPrigorodny RaionofNorth Ossetia-Alania.It also borders the raion ofNazranovsky;and the nearest settlements areEkazhevo,the new town ofMagas,andBarsuki.It is 27 km from the North Ossetian-Alanian capital city,Vladikavkaz,19 fromKarabulakand 54 fromMalgobek.
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin theframework of administrative divisions,Nazran serves as theadministrative centerofNazranovsky District,even though it is not a part of it.[citation needed]As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as thecity of republic significanceof Nazran—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of thedistricts.[citation needed]As amunicipal division,the city of republic significance of Nazran is incorporated asNazran Urban Okrug.[5]
Climate
editNazran has ahumid continental climate(Köppen climate classification:Dfb).
| Climate data for Nazran | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
1.7 (35.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.9 (76.8) |
27.3 (81.1) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
15.3 (59.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
14.3 (57.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
2.6 (36.7) |
9.1 (48.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.5 (18.5) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
3.1 (37.6) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.2 (59.4) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.8 (49.6) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
4.0 (39.1) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 26 (1.0) |
28 (1.1) |
41 (1.6) |
67 (2.6) |
106 (4.2) |
130 (5.1) |
99 (3.9) |
79 (3.1) |
59 (2.3) |
45 (1.8) |
39 (1.5) |
31 (1.2) |
750 (29.4) |
| Source:[22] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
editNazran is located on theM29 federal highwayand has arailway stationon theRostov-on-Don–Bakuline.Magas Airportserves the city and the near town ofMagas.
Sport
editFC Angusht Nazranis the city's association football club. Its home ground is theRashid Aushev Central Stadium.
Twin cities
edit
Gallery
edit-
Memorial for the memory of victims of political oppressions in Nazran -
Panoramic view -
Railway station building -
Cinema "Matritsa"
Notes
edit- ^The official founding date of Nazran considered1781which is based on the fact thatRussianofficer L. L. Shteder mentioned theIngushpost on a high cape between theSunzhaand Nazranka rivers in that year. The decision on this historical determination of the date of the founding of the city was made at the conference held by the Nazran city administration on July 15,2000.[2]However theaulNazran has been mentioned earlier asNasranovain the year1774on the map "Carte de la partie septentrionale de l'empire otoman" made byGiovanni Antonio Rizzi Zannoni.Overall, in the documents of 1780s, there has been mentioned various times about an Ingush village on the Nazranka river as well as the mention of the Nazran by its name.[3]
- ^Alimbek Kurkiev who held this point of view, did not rule out the possibility of certain connection of 'Nazran' with the mineral waterNarzan,found in present-dayStavropol Krai,or with theKabardianname ofKislovodsk,Nartsanē/Nartsana(Kabardian:Нарцанэ/Нартсана).[12]
- ^InRussiantransliterationofLeonid Lavrovнасрāнӣй.
- ^Markovin used this as one of the arguments that the spreadChristianitybyGeorgianshad strong influence onChechensandIngush,in particularly theircultureandlanguage.[14]
References
edit- ^abcdRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census](in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^Администрация города Назрань 2024.
- ^Гаджиев 2019,pp. 188–189.
- ^abcde"General Information"(in Russian). Irkutsk Oblast.RetrievedSeptember 3,2017.
- ^abcdLaw #5-RZ
- ^"Об исчислении времени".Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации(in Russian). June 3, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 19,2019.
- ^Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post).Поиск объектов почтовой связи(Postal Objects Search)(in Russian)
- ^Russian Federal State Statistics Service.Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1[2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1](XLS)(in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^Federal State Statistics Service(May 21, 2004).Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000](XLS).Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002](in Russian).
- ^Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989](in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – viaDemoscope Weekly.
- ^Kurkiev 1978,p. 21.
- ^abKurkiev 1979,p. 217.
- ^Lavrov 1966,p. 200.
- ^abMarkovin 1987,p. 39.
- ^БСЭ 1939.
- ^Pallas (Shteder) 1797,p. 26.
- ^Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989](in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – viaDemoscope Weekly.
- ^Federal State Statistics Service(May 21, 2004).Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000](XLS).Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002](in Russian).
- ^Редакция газеты Ежедневная Деловая Газета Рбк, ed. (December 17, 2019).Ежедневная деловая газета РБК 227-2014.Litres. p. 3.ISBN9785457744660– via Google Books.
- ^"Clashes erupt at Ingushetia rally"(BBC News,26 January 2008)
- ^"Bombing kills 20 in Russian republic of Ingushetia"(Los Angeles Times,18 August 2009)
- ^"Climate: Nazran".Climate-Data.org.RetrievedDecember 27,2017.
- ^"Nazran".aksakal.info.Archived fromthe originalon March 16, 2009.RetrievedMarch 25,2023.
Bibliography
editGerman sources
edit- Peter Simon Pallas(1797).Tagebuch einer Reise die im Jahr 1781 von der Granzfestung Mosdok nach dem innern Caucasus unternommen worden[Diary of a journey made in 1781 from the Grand Fortress of Mozdok to the inner Caucasus] (in German).St. PetersburgundLeipzig:Ben Johann Zacharias Logan. pp. 1–142.
Russian sources
edit- Администрация города Назрань (April 3, 2024)."Наш город Назрань"[Our city Nazran].www.nazrangrad.ru(in Russian).
- Алироев, И. Ю. (1978).Вопросы отраслевой лексики[Questions of industry vocabulary] (in Chechen, Ingush, and Russian). Грозный: Чечено-Ингушский гос. унив. pp. 1–131.
- Гаджиев, З. Т. (2019). Барахоева, Н. М.; Дзарахова, З. М.-Т.; Жеребило, Т. В. (eds.)."К вопросу о датировке основания города Назрань как ингушского поселения, существующего не менее 250 лет"[On the question of dating the founding of the city of Nazran as an Ingush settlement that has existed for at least 250 years](PDF).Вестник Ингушского научно-исследовательского института гуманитарных наук им. Ч.Э. Ахриева(in Russian). No. 2. Магас. pp. 171–191.
- Жуков, Е. М.; et al., eds. (1964)."Двинск—Индонезия"[Dvinsk—Indonesia].Советская историческая энциклопедия.Vol. 5. М.: Советская энциклопедия. col. 1–960.
- Kurkiev, A. S. (1978). "Вопросы ингушской антропонимики" [Questions of Ingush anthroponymy]. In Aliroev, I. Yu.; Selimov, A. A.; Shekurova, V. G.; Bibulatov, N. S. (eds.).Вопросы отраслевой лексики[Questions of industry vocabulary] (in Russian).Grozny:ChIGU.pp. 19–35.
- Kurkiev, A. S. (1979).Основные вопросы лексикологии ингушского языка[The main questions of the lexicology of the Ingush language] (in Russian).Grozny:ChIKI. pp. 1–254.
- Markovin, V. I. (1987). "О христианизации горцев северо-восточного Кавказа и храме Датуна в Дагестане" [On the Christianization of the Highlanders of the North-Eastern Caucasus and the Temple of Datong in Dagestan]. In Magomedov, D. M.; Mammaev, M. M. (eds.).Художественная культура средневекового Дагестана: сборник статей[Artistic culture of medieval Dagestan: collection of articles](PDF)(in Russian).Makhachkala:DF AN SSSR. pp. 37–48.
- Lavrov, L. I. (1966). Bolshakov, O. G.; Gardanov; et al. (eds.).Эпиграфические памятники Северного Кавказа X—XVII вв.[Epigraphic monuments of the North Caucasus in the 10th-17th centuries]. Памятники письменности Востока (in Russian). Vol. 1. Moscow: Nauka. pp. 1–299.
- Поспелов, Е. М. (2008).Географические названия России. Топонимический словарь[Geographical names of Russia. Toponymic Dictionary] (in Russian). Москва: АСТ, Астрель. pp. 1–523.ISBN978-5-17-054966-5.
- Сулейманов, А. С. (1980). Лепиев, А. С. (ed.).Часть III: (Предгорная равнина Чечено-Ингушетии)[Part 3: (Piedmont plain of Checheno-Ingushetia)]. Топонимия Чечено-Ингушетии: в IV частях (1976-1985 гг.) (in Russian). Грозный: Чечено-Ингушское Книжное Издательство. pp. 1–220.
- Твёрдый, А. В. (2008). Макаренко, Ю. Г. (ed.).Кавказ в именах, названиях, легендах: опыт топонимического словаря[Caucasus in names, titles, legends: Toponymic Dictionary Experience] (in Russian). Краснодар: Платонов И. pp. 1–432.ISBN978-5-89564-044-9.
- Шмидт, О. Ю.;et al., eds. (1939).[The Nazranians].Большая Советская Энциклопедия(in Russian). Vol. 41: Наган — Нидерландское искусство (1st ed.). Москва: Советская энциклопедия. col. 52 – viaWikisource.
Documents
edit- Народное Собрание Республики Ингушетия. Закон №5-РЗ от 23 февраля 2009 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Республики Ингушетия и наделении их статусом сельского поселения, муниципального района и городского округа», в ред. Закона №9-РЗ от 4 марта 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Ингушетия "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Республики Ингушетия и наделении их статусом сельского поселения, муниципального района и городского округа" ». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ингушетия", №26–27, 3 марта 2009 г.(People's Assembly of the Republic of Ingushetia.Law #5-RZ of February 23, 2009On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Ingushetia and on Granting Them the Status of a Rural Settlement, Municipal District, and Urban Okrug,as amended by the Law #9-RZ of March 4, 2014On Amending the Law of the Republic of Ingushetia "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Ingushetia and on Granting Them the Status of a Rural Settlement, Municipal District, and Urban Okrug".Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links
edit
- (in Russian)Nazran official website
- 34127229Nazran onOpenStreetMap