TheNew Jersey Turnpike(NJTP) is a system ofcontrolled-accesstoll roadsin the U.S. state ofNew Jersey.The turnpike is maintained by theNew Jersey Turnpike Authority.[a]The 117.2-mile (188.6 km) mainline's southern terminus is at theDelaware Memorial BridgeonI-295inPennsville.Its northern terminus is at an interchange withUS 46inRidgefield Park.Construction of the mainline, from concept to completion, took a total of 22 months between 1950 and 1951. It was opened to traffic on November 5, 1951, between its southern terminus and exit 10.[5]
New Jersey Turnpike and spurs (in green) | |||||||
Route information | |||||||
Maintained byNJTA | |||||||
Length | 117.20 mi[1][2](188.62 km) | ||||||
Existed | 1951–present | ||||||
History | Completed 1952 | ||||||
Component highways |
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Restrictions | Commercial vehicles must use outer roadways between exits 6 and 14-14C | ||||||
Major junctions | |||||||
South end | ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||||||
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North end | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||||||
Location | |||||||
Country | United States | ||||||
State | New Jersey | ||||||
Counties | Salem,Gloucester,Camden,Burlington,Mercer,Middlesex,Union,Essex,Hudson,Bergen | ||||||
Highway system | |||||||
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The turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to various localities in New Jersey,[6]and thetoll roadprovides a direct bypass southeast ofPhiladelphiafor long-distance travelers betweenNew York CityandWashington, D.C.According to the International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association, the turnpike is the nation's sixth-busiest toll road, and one of the most heavily traveled highways in the nation.[7]
The northern part of the mainline turnpike, along with the entirety of its extensions andspurs,is a part of theInterstate Highway Systemdesignated asI-95between exit 6 inMansfield Township,and its northern end near New York City. South of exit 6, it has theunsignedRoute 700designation. There are three extensions and two spurs, including theNewark Bay Extensionat exit 14, which carriesI-78;thePennsylvania Turnpike Extension,officially known as thePearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension,at exit 6, which carries I-95 off the mainline turnpike; theEastern Spurand theWestern Spur,which split traffic betweenNewarkandRidgefield;and theI-95 Extension,which continues the mainline to theGeorge Washington Bridgeapproach inFort Lee.All segments (excluding the I-95 Extension) are toll roads.
The route is divided into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14. The inner lanes are generally restricted to cars, while the outer lanes are open to cars, trucks, and buses. The turnpike has 12-foot-wide (3.7 m) lanes, 10-foot-wide (3.0 m) shoulders, and 13 of the highway'sservice areasare named after notable New Jersey residents. The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines from those of the turnpike.[8]The turnpike has been referenced many times inmusic, film, and television.
Route description
editThe mainline of the New Jersey Turnpike splits fromI-295in Pennsville Township and runs along a north-northeast route toI-80andUS 46inRidgefield Park,where it continues north asI-95.It is designated Route 700, anunsigned route,from exit 1 (Delaware Memorial Bridge) to exit 6, and as I-95 from exit 6 (Mansfield Township) to exit 18 (Secaucus–Carlstadt). The number of lanes ranges from four lanes south of exit 4 (Mount Laurel), six lanes between exit 4 and exit 6 (Mansfield Township), 12 lanes between exit 6 and exit 11 (Woodbridge Township), and 14 lanes between exit 11 and exit 14 (Newark).[9]The default speed limit is 65 miles per hour (105 km/h) between the southern terminus and milepost 97, and 55 miles per hour (89 km/h) from there to the northern terminus.[1][2]The Newark Bay Extension carries a 50-mile-per-hour (80 km/h) limit.[4]The turnpike has variable speed limit signs allowing for the limit to be lowered temporarily during unusual road conditions.[10]
Before the advent of the Interstate Highway System, the entire Turnpike was designated by theNew Jersey Department of Transportation(NJDOT) as Route 700. The Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension was Route 700P, and the Newark Bay Extension was Route 700N. None of these state highway designations have been signed. The entire length of the New Jersey Turnpike is part of theNational Highway System,[11]a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.[12]
Pennsville Township to Springfield Township
editThe turnpike's southern terminus lies at theDelaware Memorial Bridgein Pennsville Township, runningconcurrentlywithI-295andUS 40.Immediately after an interchange that provides access toRoute 49andUS 130,US 40 and the turnpike split from I-295. A short distance later, inCarneys Point Township,the turnpike enters an interchange withRoute 140andCounty Route 540(CR 540). Through this section, the turnpike has three northbound lanes and two southbound lanes. The turnpike loses its third northbound lane, and continues on with two lanes in each direction and a 65 mph (105 km/h) speed limit. After crossing over Game Creek, the turnpike reaches the exit 1 toll plaza, where northbound drivers must obtain a ticket, and southbound drivers must surrender their ticket and pay the proper toll. Two ExpressE-ZPasslanes are provided in each direction. Paralleling I-295, the turnpike continues east-northeast through ruralSalem Countywith two lanes in each direction. After passing underRoute 48,the turnpike entersOldmans Township,where it has the John Fenwick Service Area northbound and the Clara Barton Service Area southbound. The turnpike then briefly entersPilesgrove Townshipbefore crossing the Oldmans Creek intoWoolwich Township.[2][9]
Continuing northeast, the turnpike crosses theSMS Rail Lines'Salem Branchbefore passing to the south ofSwedesboro.After crossing theRaccoon Creek,the highway reaches an interchange forUS 322.A maintenance yard is present on the northbound side of the turnpike immediately north of the interchange intoHarrison Township.The route heads northeast intoEast Greenwich Townshippast farmland before crossing Edwards Creek. Here, the turnpike passes by residential developments and soon crosses theMantua CreekintoWest Deptford Township,where it passes through parkland before development near the route increases substantially. After passing under Mantua Pike (Route 45), the turnpike entersWoodbury Heights,where it passes by homes before crossingConrail Shared Assets Operations' (CSAO)Vineland Secondaryand enteringDeptford Township.Here, the turnpike passes underRoute 47before crossing theBig Timber Creek.Immediately northeast of this point, the turnpike passes under theRoute 42freeway and enters the Camden County borough ofBellmawr.After passing to the south of an industrial park, the turnpike entersRunnemedeand comes to an exit forBlack Horse Pike(Route 168), serving the city ofCamdento the north and providing access to theAtlantic City Expresswayto the south. Immediately after the interchange, the turnpike crosses back into Bellmawr before enteringBarrington,where it passes underRoute 41/CR 573.The turnpike then passes near packaging plants before enteringLawnsideand crossing over White Horse Pike (US 30).[2][9]
Still two lanes in each direction, the turnpike continues northeast past a warehouse and eventually comes within yards of I-295. Upon enteringCherry Hill,the turnpike passes over tracks carrying thePATCO SpeedlineandNJ Transit'sAtlantic City Linebefore reaching the Walt Whitman Service Area along the southbound lanes. Continuing northeast, the turnpike passes underRoute 70before crossing thePennsauken CreekintoMount Laurel,Burlington County, where it has an exit forRoute 73.North of this point, the turnpike has three lanes in each direction. Still running within close proximity of I-295, the turnpike comes to aNew Jersey State Policestation and passes underRoute 38before crossing CSAO's Pemberton Industrial Track. After the northbound James Fenimore Cooper Service Area, the road crosses overRancocas Creekand passes to the northwest ofRancocas State Park.Now inWestampton Township,the distance between I-295 and the turnpike increases, and the turnpike reaches an exit for Burlington-Mount Holly Road (CR 541). Northeast of this point, the turnpike continues as a six-lane highway intoBurlington Township,where it passes by houses and the Burlington Country Club before enteringSpringfield Township.Here, the turnpike passes by agricultural areas before crossingAssiscunk Creek.[2][9]
Mansfield Township to Newark
editNow in Mansfield Township, the turnpike splits into a "dual-dual" configuration similar to alocal-expressconfiguration. The outer lanes are open to all vehicles and the inner lanes are limited to cars only, unless signed otherwise because of unusual conditions. The turnpike now has a total of 12 lanes, six in each direction (3-3-3-3). Just north of the split is an interchange with the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension, where the turnpike mainline becomesconcurrentwith I-95.[2][9]North of this point, the turnpike entersBordentown Townshipand has an exit forUS 206.Continuing northeast, the turnpike passes by a mix of residential neighborhoods and farmland and entersChesterfield Townshipbefore passing overCrosswicks Creekand enteringHamilton Townshipin Mercer County. The highway then reaches the Woodrow Wilson and Richard Stockton service areas on the southbound and northbound sides, respectively. After the service areas, the turnpike entersRobbinsville Townshipand reaches an exit forI-195,an east–west freeway connecting the state capital ofTrentonwith theJersey Shore.North of I-195, the turnpike passes to the west of several warehouses and traverses numerous parks and wooded areas. After crossingAssunpink Creek,the turnpike entersEast Windsor Township,where the road changes its course to a slightly more northerly path. NearHightstownis an exit forRoute 133,which connects the turnpike with and provides a bypass forRoute 33in the area. North of here, the turnpike crosses theMillstone RiverintoCranbury Township,Middlesex County, and passes more warehouses on both sides of the road in addition to the southbound Molly Pitcher Service Area. After enteringMonroe Township,the turnpike has a modifiedtrumpet interchangewithRoute 32servingJamesburg.The interchange has a ramp for traffic seeking Route 32 eastbound forming an "S" shape, taking traffic to Cranbury South River Road. Upon crossing intoSouth Brunswick,the turnpike crosses CSAO'sAmboy Secondaryand passes by more industrial parks. The highway then entersEast Brunswick,where suburban development along the corridor greatly increases, indicating the entrance to the built-up portion of theNew York metropolitan area.Continuing north, the turnpike passes to the east of a golf course and has the northbound Joyce Kilmer Service Area. The route briefly entersMilltownbefore crossing back into East Brunswick, where it passes by many homes before reaching an exit forRoute 18serving the county seat ofNew Brunswick.After Route 18, the turnpike enters New Brunswick and crosses over theRaritan Riveron theBasilone Memorial BridgeintoEdison.[1][9]The structure honorsJohn Basilone,aRaritanresident who is the only United States Marine to be honored with the Medal of Honor, the Navy Cross and the Purple Heart. He died in theBattle of Iwo Jimain 1945.[13]
After crossing the Raritan River, the turnpike passes by several warehouses and industrial parks before crossing CSAO's Bonhamtown Industrial Track line and reaching an exit servingI-287andRoute 440.Soon afterwards, the turnpike passes over theMiddlesex Greenwayand entersWoodbridge Township,where it reaches an exit serving theGarden State ParkwayandUS 9.North of this interchange is the headquarters of the NJTA. From Woodbridge Township to Newark,high-occupancy vehicle lanes(HOV lanes) exist on the outer roadway (truck lanes), thereby making it seven lanes in each direction (4-3-3-4). The HOV restrictions are in effect on weekdays, from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. northbound, and 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. southbound (at times, the NJTA might suspend the HOV restrictions entirely during peak hours in case of unusual conditions).[14]Continuing northeast, the turnpike passes under Amboy Avenue (Route 35) and crosses NJ Transit'sNorth Jersey Coast Line.Past this point, the turnpike crosses theWoodbridge Riverand reaches the Grover Cleveland Service Area northbound and the Thomas Edison Service Area southbound. After passing over CSAO'sPort Reading Secondaryline, the turnpike entersCarteretand begins to run parallel to CSAO'sChemical Coast Secondaryline, which is located east of the turnpike. In Carteret, the highway comes to an interchange serving the borough in addition toRahway.Immediately north of the interchange, the Wallberg-Lovely Memorial Bridge carries the turnpike over theRahway River.The bridge is dedicated to Private Martin Wallberg from Westfield, and Private Luke Lovely from,South Amboy,the first soldiers from New Jersey to die in World War I.[15]InLinden,the turnpike passes to the east of a large industrial park before reaching an exit forI-278,which traverses the nearbyGoethals Bridge.North of this point, the speed limit drops to 55 mph (89 km/h), and the turnpike crosses theElizabeth Riverinto the city ofElizabeth.After bisecting residential areas, the route comes to an exit for theRoute 81freeway, providing access toNewark Liberty International Airport.While passing to the east of the airport and Brewster Road, the turnpike also passes to the west of theElizabeth Centerbig-box center and thePort Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminalupon enteringNewark.[1][9]A section of the turnpike and the surrounding land in Elizabeth and Newark has been called "the most dangerous two miles in America" by New Jersey Homeland Security officials due to the high volume of traffic and the density of potential terrorist targets in the surrounding area.[16]
Newark to Ridgefield Park
editAfter reaching the north end of the airport, the HOV lanes end, and the turnpike comes to an interchange withI-78,which is also the Newark Bay Extension of the turnpike east of the mainline. North of I-78, the turnpike passes over CSAO's Chemical Coast Secondary, Greenville Running Track, andNational Docks Branchat theOak Island Yard.At this point, the car-truck lane configuration ends, and the turnpike splits into two spurs: the Eastern Spur (the original roadway) and the Western Spur (opened in 1970). Both are signed as I-95. The Western Spur is posted for through traffic on I-95 seekingI-280and theGeorge Washington Bridge,while traffic seekingUS 46,I-80,and theLincoln Tunnelis routed via the Eastern Spur. NJDOT, which calls every class of highway "Route", calls the Western Spur "Route 95W". The NJTA refers to the complex series of roadways and ramps linking the car–truck lanes, the two spurs, as well as traffic heading to and from I-78 as the "Southern Mixing Bowl".[17]Both spurs have an exit forUS 1/9 Truckand pass under thePulaski Skyway(US 1/9) at this point before crossing over CSAO'sPassaic and Harsimus Line,[1][9]and will meet up at US 46 and I-80 to continue to the George Washington Bridge where the Turnpike will eventually end.
Eastern Spur
editThe Eastern Spur crosses thePassaic Riveron theChaplain Washington Bridge,which honors Rev.John P. Washingtonwho gave up his life jacket and died as theSS Dorchestersank on February 3, 1943.[18]After crossing over tracks carryingPATH'sNewark–World Trade Centerline, NJ Transit'sMorris & Essex Lines,andAmtrak'sNortheast Corridor,the spur surfaces intoKearny,Hudson County, as a six-lane highway, and has a partial interchange withI-280,containing only a southbound exit and northbound entrance. Past this point, the spur passes overRoute 7and crosses theHackensack Riveron the Lewandowski Hackensack River Bridge. The bridge was named in honor of the three Lewandowski brothers, Army Private Alexander, Marine Sergeant Walter and Air Force Lieutenant William, who were killed in action during World War II within 18 months of each other.[19]The turnpike then entersSecaucusand crosses the railroad right-of-way of the futureEssex-Hudson Greenwayand runs along the east side ofSnake Hill.It then passes over NJ Transit'sMain LineatSecaucus Junctionstation, which serves NJ Transit trains running along the Northeast Corridor and the Main Line. After the southbound lanes have the Alexander Hamilton Service Area, the turnpike reaches the exit 18E toll plaza, serving as the northern end of the ticket system. Immediately afterwards is an interchange withRoute 495andRoute 3,providing access to theLincoln Tunnel.After passing through swampland in theMeadowlands,the spur crosses intoRidgefield,Bergen County.Here, the Eastern Spur comes to the northernmost service area on the turnpike, the Vince Lombardi Service Area. After passing over theNew York, Susquehanna and Western Railway's New Jersey Subdivision line andCSX'sRiver Subdivisionline, the highway merges back together with the Western Spur as it passes east ofPSE&G'sBergen Generating Stationand crossesOverpeck CreekintoRidgefield Park,where the turnpike comes to its original northern terminus atUS 46.[20][1][9]
Western Spur
editTheHarry Laderman Bridge,named after the first turnpike employee killed on the job,[19]carries the Western Spur over the Passaic River and then tracks carrying PATH's Newark–World Trade Center line, NJ Transit's Morris & Essex Lines, and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor. Running north with six lanes, the Western Spur has a full interchange with I-280 before crossing over Route 7 and the former Boonton Line. The spur then entersLyndhurstand crosses NJ Transit's Main Line and Berrys Creek before passing over NJ Transit'sBergen County Lineand enteringEast Rutherford.Here, the Western Spur has a junction with Route 3, where it loses a lane in each direction. The highway reaches the exit 18W toll plaza before passing by theMeadowlands Sports Complexand theAmerican Dreamshopping and entertainment complex, which are served by a southbound exit and northbound entrance with connections toRoute 120andCR 503via Route 3. After crossing the Hackensack River, the Western Spur has access to the Vince Lombardi Service Area before crossing the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway's New Jersey Subdivision line and CSX's River Subdivision line and merging with the Eastern Spur.[3][21]
Extensions
editThe turnpike has three extensions; the first, the 8.2-mile (13.2 km)-long Newark Bay Extension, opened in 1956,[22]and is part ofInterstate 78.It connects Newark withLower Manhattanvia theHolland TunnelinJersey Cityand intersects the mainline near Newark Liberty International Airport. This extension has three exits (exits 14A, 14B, and 14C), and due to its design (four lanes with a shoulderlessJersey barrierdivider), has a 50-mile-per-hour (80 km/h) speed limit. The extension traverses theNewark Bay Bridge(officially the Vincent R. Casciano Memorial Bridge), which is a steel cantilever bridge spanningNewark Bayand connecting Newark andBayonne.Dubbed the "world's most expensive road" byThe Jersey Journal,it was completed April 4, 1956. Casciano was a state assemblyman and a lifetime resident of Bayonne.[23]
The second extension, known as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension (or Pennsylvania Turnpike Connector), carries I-95 off the mainline of the New Jersey Turnpike at exit 6 and connects to thePennsylvania Turnpikevia theDelaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge,a continuous truss bridge spanning the Delaware River. This extension, and the Delaware River Bridge, were opened to traffic on May 25, 1956.[24]A six-mile-long (9.7 km), six-lane highway, it has an exit, designated as 6A, toUS 130nearFlorence.The extension was formerly designated as Route 700P, but was officially designated as I-95 after theSomerset Freewaywas cancelled, and was signed as such when the first components of thePennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Projectwere completed on September 22, 2018.[25]
The third extension, the four-mile (6.4 km) stretch of I-95 north of US 46 came under NJTA jurisdiction in 1992, as NJDOT sold the road to balance the state budget, and it is not tolled. This section of the road – known as the I-95 Extension – extends the mainline to travel past the interchange forI-80inTeaneckwhere the original terminus was, and through a cut in the Hudson Palisades to theGeorge Washington Bridge PlazainFort Lee.The NJDOT originally built a "missing link" in between U.S. 46 and I-80, then a connector highway from I-80 to theGeorge Washington Bridge,prior to being sold to the NJTA. Even though it was not constructed when the Turnpike first opened, the I-95 Extension is still considered to be a part of the mainline, not just a spur like the Newark Bay or Pennsylvania Turnpike extensions are, despite it not being tolled. It also passes under theEdgewood Road BridgeinLeonia,a high overpass known for its scenery for long-distance travelers entering New Jersey.[26]The turnpike terminates atUS 9W(exit 72), with the final approaches to the George Washington Bridge along I-95 maintained by thePort Authority of New York and New Jersey.Signs saying "Turnpike Entrance" southbound past I-80 mean entering the tolled parts of the Turnpike. Exit numbers along this section follow the mile markers I-95 would have had if the Somerset Freeway was built.[20]
Services
editService areas
editAlong with the Garden State Parkway, the New Jersey Turnpike is noted for naming itsservice areasafter notable New Jersey residents.[27]
Service area | Direction | mi | km | Nearest exits | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clara Barton | Southbound | 5.4 | 8.7 | 1, 2 | Oldmans Township | |
John Fenwick | Northbound | 5.4 | 8.7 | 1, 2 | Oldmans Township | |
Walt Whitman | Southbound | 30.2 | 48.6 | 3, 4 | Cherry Hill | |
James Fenimore Cooper | Northbound | 39.4 | 63.4 | 4, 5 | Mount Laurel | |
Richard Stockton | Southbound | 58.7 | 94.5 | 7, 7A | Hamilton Township | |
Woodrow Wilson | Northbound | 58.7 | 94.5 | 7, 7A | Hamilton Township | |
Molly Pitcher | Southbound | 71.7 | 115.4 | 8, 8A | Cranbury | |
Joyce Kilmer | Northbound | 78.7 | 126.7 | 8A, 9 | East Brunswick | |
Grover Cleveland | Northbound | 92.9 | 149.5 | 11, 12 | Woodbridge Township | Damaged byHurricane Sandyin 2012; reopened in 2015 |
Thomas Edison | Southbound | 92.9 | 149.5 | 11, 12 | Woodbridge Township | |
Alexander Hamilton | Southbound | 111.6 | 179.6 | 15X, 16E | Secaucus | Eastern spur only |
Vince Lombardi | Both | 116.0 | 186.7 | 17/19W, 68 | Ridgefield | Eastern and western spurs;Vince Lombardi Park & Ridelocated at service area |
Turnpike service areas consist mostly offast-food restaurantsoperated by Iris Buyer LLC (Applegreen). Each rest area also includes restrooms, water fountains, aSunocogas station with a small convenience store, with gas price signs posted about half a mile (0.8 km) before reaching the rest area, and a separate parking area for cars and trucks. Some have a dedicated bus parking area, Wi-Fi, and a gift shop as well.[28]
Before 1982, there was a service area on the northbound side named forAdmiral William Halsey.[29]However, in 1982, exit 13A was created, which caused the obscuring of the rest area, as they both overlapped with each other. Anyone who wanted to get to the service area missed exiting at exit 13A, and (northbound) drivers who took that exit missed that service area. The service area closed permanently on June 4, 1994.[30]Today, it can be seen by motorists when exiting 13A from the northbound car lanes, where a temporary concrete barrier obstructs an open asphalt lot.[31]
Two service areas were located on the Newark Bay Extension (one eastbound and one westbound) located west of exit 14B. These were closed in the early 1970s. The eastbound service area was named forJohn Stevens,the westbound service area forPeter Stuyvesant.[32]
In late March 2010, it was revealed that the state Transportation Commissioner was considering selling the naming rights of the rest areas to help address a budget shortfall.[33]
The Grover Cleveland Service Area inWoodbridgewas temporarily closed because of storm damage fromHurricane Sandyin October 2012, with only fuel available. It was rebuilt and fully reopened on November 23, 2015.[34][35]In 2015, the NJTA installedTesla Superchargerstations in the Molly Pitcher and Joyce Kilmer service areas to allow Tesla car owners to charge their vehicles. A proposal to offer charging stations for non-Tesla vehicles is also under consideration.[36]
Emergency assistance
editThe NJTA offers 12-foot-wide (3.7 m) shoulders wherever possible, and disabled vehicle service may be obtained by dialing #95 on a cellular phone. Towing and roadside assistance are provided from authorized garages. TheNew Jersey State Policeis the primary police agency that handles calls for service on the turnpike.[37]New Jersey State Police Troop D serves the New Jersey Turnpike, with stations inCranbury,Moorestown,andNewark.[38]Other emergency services such as fire and first aid are usually handled by the jurisdictions in which that section of the turnpike passes.[37]
History
editPrecursors and planning
editLocation | New Brunswick–Fort Lee |
---|---|
Existed | 1938–1953 |
Location | Deepwater–New Brunswick |
---|---|
Existed | 1938–1953 |
Route 100 and Route 300 were two state highways proposed in the 1930s by theNew Jersey State Highway Departmentas precursors to the New Jersey Turnpike.
The road that is now the New Jersey Turnpike was first planned by the State Highway Department as two freeways in 1938. Route 100 was the route from New Brunswick to the George Washington Bridge, plus a spur to theHolland Tunnel,now the Newark Bay Extension of the Turnpike. Route 300 was the southern part of the turnpike from the Delaware Memorial Bridge to New Brunswick. However, the State Highway Department did not have the funds to complete the two freeways, and very little of the road was built under its auspices.[39][40]Instead, in 1948, the NJTA was created to build the road, and the two freeways were built as a single toll road.
Route S100was a proposed spur of Route 100 in Elizabeth. It was never built, althoughRoute 81follows a similar alignment.
According to a letter to the editor written by Kathleen Troast Pitney, the daughter ofPaul L. Troast,the first chairman of the NJTA:
Governor Driscoll appointed three men to the turnpike authority in the late 1940s—Maxwell Lester, George Smith and Paul Troast, my father, as chairman. They had no enabling legislation and no funding. They were able to open more than two-thirds of the road in 11 months, completing the whole (project) in less than two years... When the commissioners broached the subject of landscaping the road... the governor told them he wanted a road to take the interstate traffic... off New Jersey's existing roads. Since 85 percent of the traffic at that time was estimated to be from out of state, why spend additional funds on landscaping?[41]
A brochureInteresting Facts about the New Jersey Turnpike,dating from soon after the road's opening, says that when the turnpike's bonds are paid off, "the law provides that the turnpike be turned over to the state for inclusion in the public highway system". Due to new construction, and the expectation that the turnpike pays for policing and maintenance, this has never come to pass.
Construction
editThe project of building the turnpike had its challenges. One major problem was the construction in the city of Elizabeth, where either 450 homes or 32 businesses would be destroyed, depending on the chosen route. The engineers decided to go through the residential area, since they considered it the grittiest[citation needed]and the closest route to both Newark Airport and thePort Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminalseaport.
When construction finally got to Newark, there was the new challenge of deciding to build either over or under thePulaski Skyway.If construction went above the skyway, the costs would be much higher. If they went under, the costs would be lower, but the roadway would be very close to the Passaic River, making it harder for ships to pass through. The turnpike was ultimately built to pass under.[42][43]As part of a 2005seismic retrofitproject, the NJTA lowered its roadway to increase vertical clearance and allow for full-width shoulders, which had been constrained by the location of the skyway supports.[44]Engineers replaced the bearings and lowered the bridge by four feet (1.2 m), without shutting down traffic. The work was carried out byKoch Skanskain 2004, under a $35 million contract (equivalent to $56 million in 2023). The project's engineers were from a joint venture of Dewberry Goodkind Inc. and HNTB Corp. Temporary towers supported the bridge while bearings were removed from the 150 piers and the concrete replaced on the pier tops. The lowering process for an 800-foot (240 m) section of the bridge was done over 56 increments, during five weeks of work.[45]
While continuing up to theMeadowlands,the crossings were harder because of the fertile marsh land of silt and mud. Near the shallow mud, the mud was filled with crushed stone, and the roadway was built above the water table. In the deeper mud, caissons were sunk down to a firm stratum and filled with sand, then both the caissons and the surrounding areas were covered with blankets of sand. Gradually, the water was brought up, and drained into adjacent meadows. Then, construction of the two major bridges over the Passaic and Hackensack Rivers was completed. The bridges were built to give motorists a clear view of the New York City skyline, but with high retaining walls to create the illusion of not being on a river crossing.[46]The 6,955 ft (2,120 m) Passaic River (Chaplain Washington) Bridge cost $13.7 million to build; the 5,623 ft (1,714 m) Hackensack River Bridge cost $9.5 million.
The entire 118-mile (190 km) length of the New Jersey Turnpike took 25 months to construct, at a total cost of $255 million. The first 44-mile-long (71 km) stretch, from exit 1 in Carneys Point Township north to exit 5 in Westampton Township, opened on November 5, 1951. A second 49-mile-long (79 km) stretch from exit 5 north to exit 11 in Woodbridge opened on November 30, 1951, followed by a third 16-mile-long (26 km) stretch from exit 11 north to exit 15E in Newark on December 20, 1951. The fourth and final nine-mile-long (14 km) stretch, from exit 15E north to exit 18 in Ridgefield, opened on January 15, 1952, completing the turnpike.[46]After the turnpike was completed in 1952, the NJTA and theNew York State Thruway Authority(NYSTA) proposed a 13-mile (21 km) extension of the New Jersey Turnpike that would run from its end (at US 46 inRidgefield Parkat the time) up toWest Nyack, New York,atI-87(New York State Thruway). The section through New Jersey was to be constructed and maintained by the NJTA, while the section in New York was to be built and maintained by the NYSTA. The purpose of this extension was to give motorists a "more direct bypass of the New York City area" toNew England,by using theTappan Zee Bridge.The extension was to parallelNew York State Route 303(NY 303) and the present-day CSXRiver Subdivision,and have limited interchanges. It was to have an interchange with thePalisades Interstate Parkwayand at I-87 (New York State Thruway) in West Nyack. This project did not survive; by 1970, it became too expensive to buy right-of-way access, and community opposition was fierce. Therefore, the NJTA and the NYSTA canceled the project.[46]NJDOT did construct a small segment of this extension, the portion between US 46 and I-80, as part of the I-95 Extension. This segment was later transferred to the NJTA.
1950s to 1980s
editWith the turnpike completed, traffic increased beyond expectations, which prompted planning for two widenings in 1955. the first of these would widen the segment of roadway and from four lanes to an eight-lane, dual-dual setup (2-2-2-2, two express carriageways and two local carriageways in each direction) between exit 10 and exit 14. The second widening would add one lane in each direction from exit 4 and exit 10, making for a total of six lanes combined. On April 4, 1956, the widening between exit 10 and exit 14 was completed, also as part of this project, exit 14 was rebuilt from a standard exit that served US 1-9 into the 8.2-mile-long (13.2 km) Newark Bay Extension, though only the stretch between exit 14 on the mainline and exit 14A.[47]On May 25 of that year, the widening between exit 4 and exit 10 was completed, along with this came the six-mile (9.7 km) Pearl Harbor Memorial extension and its interchange with the mainline.[24]
In 1958, a part of the turnpike was designated as I-95. In addition, a short part of the southern segment was signed as I-295, and the Newark Bay Extension was signed as I-78.[48][49]
On May 15, 1962, the authority opened a new trumpet interchange at exit 12. The ramps, which replaced the nonstandard half diamond interchange at the location, cost $3,500,000 (equivalent to $27 million in 2023[50]) to construct, and unlike the old ramps, contained a southbound exit and northbound entrance.[51]
On August 7, 1962, the NJTA announced a major project to replace exits 17 and 18, in addition to expanding exits 16's toll plaza. This work was being done in preparation for the1964 World's Fair.It would involve moving the northern end of the ticket system from Ridgefield to Secaucus, as well as replacing the partially at-grade exits 17 with a new grade separated exits 17 in order to reduce congestion and upgrade said road toInterstate Highway standardsIt would also involve replacement of the exits 16 with a new 24 lane wide structure, and relocating exit 18 to be at the new northern end of the ticket system near exits 16.[52]Construction on the new exit 17 began immediately. The original exit 17 had its northbound ramps permanently closed on June 16, 1963, to allow construction of the replacement exits 16 toll plaza to proceed.[53]On September 19, at 3:30 Pm, the new exit 17 was completed, it contained a wider toll booth, was fully grade separated, was located slightly father to the north, and operated on a coin drop system rather tan the ticket system like the rest of the road, with trucks, buses, and trailers charged based on their weight. It was at this point that the original exit 18 toll plaza located in Ridgefield was demolished.[54]The new exit 18, which had more collection lanes than the original and was located in Secaucus, began charging tolls on February 25, 1964, concurrent with opening of the new exit 16 toll plaza. Another improvement made was the introduction of automatic ticket dispensers with the new exit 18 and exit 16, these were also later installed at exit 14, 14A, and 14C, as well as the exit 6 toll barrier.[55]On May 29, the entrance ramps from Route 3 were opened, completing the two-year long project.[56]
In 1965, construction began on a entirely new interchange with the under-construction Route 32 between exits 8 and 7.[57]On February 14, 1966, this interchange, numbered as exit 8A was opened to traffic, though only partially;[58]the connection to Route 32 westbound opened on November 5 at noon.[57]
In November 1966, NJTA announced plans to widen the turnpike between exits 10 and 14 from eight to twelve lanes.[59]This abolished the express-local roadway system and established a new system, with the outer roadway for all vehicles and inner roadway for cars only. Other aspects of the plan included constructing a new exit 10 in Edison Township, closeting the old exits 10 and rebuilding exits 11 to provide access to the Garden State parkway in Woodbridge, reverseing the trumpet at exit 12 in Carteret, and relocating exit 13 in Elizebeth to provide direct access to theGoethals BridgeandI-278instead of Trenton Road.[60]On July 27, 1968, it was announced that the replacement exit 13 would open on July 31.[61]The interchange was opened as planned, and the old exit, which was a split interchange with Trenton Avenue, was closed permanently and slated for reverse engineering, this was completed by October.[62]The new exit 11 was completed on September 18, 1969,[63]at which point the original exit 10 was closed. The new exit 10 was opened on January 13, 1970,[64]with new dual-dual setup opened the next day on January 14.[65]The Western spur, a new extension of the turnpike meant to let through traffic bypass Secaucus, was opened on September 3, 1970.[66]With this, multiple changes were made to the existing roadway. It was officially named the Eastern Spur, new unnumbered interchanges connecting it with the Western Spur were built, as well as a major renumbering to make it consistent with the new spur scheme, exit 15 was renumber exit 15E, exit 16 as exit 16E, and exit 18 as exit 18E. They also built exit 15W's connection with the original road, and rebuilt exit 15E to provide access to Western Spur traffic.[citation needed]With theBergen-Passaic Expresswaybeing built on the north side of Ridgefild park in 1964, this left a mile long gap between the turnpike and expressway approaches onto theGeorge Washington Bridge.This gap was closed on October 20, 1971, when an expanded interchange with US 46 was opened, which connected to the Bergen-Passaic expressway and replaced the trumpet interchange that only served US 46.[67]
TheNew Jersey Turnpike smog accidentoccurred in the town ofKearny,on October 23 and 24, 1973. The first collision occurred at 11:20 p.m. EDT on the 23rd. Further accidents continued to occur until 2:45 a.m. the next day as cars plowed into the unseen accident ahead of them. Sixty-six vehicles were involved, and nine people died as a result. Thirty-nine suffered non-fatal injuries. The primary cause of the accident was related to a fire consisting of burning garbage, aggravated by foggy conditions.[68]This produced an area of extremely poor visibility.
In 1971, the authority announced plans to extend the dual-dual setup from exit 10 in Woodbridge to exit 9 inEast Brunswick.[69]This project was completed northbound on November 14, 1973,[70]and southbound on January 13, 1974,[71]and involved a major reconstruction of exit 9, replacing the underpass with a overpass and building a wider toll plaza to replace the existing one.[72]
On May 30, 1974, exit 7A was opened to traffic.[73]The interchange, which had been planned for since 1973,[72]connected to I-195, was in part constructed to serve the nearbyGreat Adventure,which opened later that year. Additionally, in June, a widening of exit 15E's toll plaza was completed, with an expansion of exit 14A's following in August.[72]
With the completion of I-78 to the Newark Bay Extension on May 27, 1977,[74]the interchanges toll plaza was replaced with a wider one and ramps replaced, with none of the original 1951 configuration remaining.
In 1971, the NJTA proposed building theAlfred E. Driscoll Expressway.It was to start at the Garden State Parkway south of exit 80 in Dover Township (nowToms River) and end at the turnpike approximately three miles (4.8 km) north of exit 8A inSouth Brunswick.As a proposed part of the turnpike system, its seven interchanges would have included toll plazas except at the northern end of the turnpike. By 1972, the proposed road met fierce opposition fromOcean,Monmouth,andMiddlesexcounties with quality of life being the main concern. The NJTA proceeded anyway and began selling bonds. But by December 1973, Governor-electBrendan Byrnedecided to stop the project altogether. Despite this, the authority continued with its plan. It was not until February 1977 that the authority abandoned its plan to build the road.[75]The rights-of-way were sold in 1979, shelving the project indefinitely.[76]
In 1973, the NJTA began planning for exit 13A. The interchange would be constructed in order to provide direct connections to the nearbyNewark Liberty International Airport,which had previously having required taking convoluted routes via exit 13 or 14.[72]On June 10, 1982,this exit was opened to traffic.[77]
In the 1987, the authority announced a plan a to rebuild the Western Spur. If this were ever to be completed, it would have added truck lanes, In addition, a new exit 15 W-A would be constructed, which would have served a extension ofNew Jersey Route 17,and exit 16W would have its ramps connecting to the turnpike be entirely replaced by a new ramp containing a wider toll plaza. However, this project was never carried out,[46]in part due to the cancelation of the New Jersey Route 17 Extension.
1990s to present
editIn July 1988, a project to reconstruct exit 7 in order to accommodate an increasing number of truck traffic was announced.[78]As part of this, a new 12 lane toll plaza and trumpet interchange located1⁄2mile (0.80 km) away from the original ramps were to be constructed, and the existing toll plaza was demolished,[46]though the old overpass would be left intact as a U-turn ramp. Construction began almost immediately, and was completed in 1990, costing $30 million.[46]
In 1985, the authority announced plans to extend the dual dual roadway to exit 8A inMonroe Township.[79]However, this created some problems in the East Brunswick area. Analysis of noise[80]and air quality impacts were made in a lawsuit decided in New Jersey Superior Court. This case, in the early 1970s, was one of the early examples ofenvironmental scientistsplaying a role in the design of a major highway in the US. The computer models allowed the court to understand the effects of roadway geometry, in this case width, vehicle speeds, proposednoise barriers,residential setback and pavement types. The outcome was a compromise that involved substantial mitigation of noise pollution and air pollution impacts. Groundbreaking for this project began on June 23, 1987.[81]Construction of the dual-dual roadway setup was completed on October 22, 1990,[82]the rebuling of Exit 8A from a trumpet into T-intersection to a dual trumpet interchange was completed in May 1991.[83]
In January 1992, the turnpike was extended by four miles (6.4 km) from I-95 exits 68 to 72B, NJDOT had sold this segment of roadway to balance the state budget.[84]
In 1996, an HOV lane was opened between exits 11 and exits 14 on the truck lanes. The cost of this project was $361 million. It is reserved for use only during peak hours. By 1997, various improvements had also been made to the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) stretch between exits 14 and exits 15E in Newark. This part of the project cost $148 million.[46]On September 24 of that year, the Pennsylvania connector was officially renamed the Pearl Harbor Memorial extension, this was done in remembrance of the Americans who died during theAttack on Pearl Harbor.[85]
In May 1998, the speed limit was increased from 55 to 65 miles per hour (89 to 105 km/h) between exits 1 and exits 13. Despite this, no other segment north of it had its speed limit raised.[46]
In the late 1990s, a project to improve exit 13A in Elizabeth was started. It was completed in 1999, at the cost of $140 million. It was funded by the developers ofJersey Gardens,its construction was why the upgrade was carried out.[86]Later that year, a bill to rename the mainline road as the 'New Jersey Veterans Turnpikewas proposed by theNew Jersey General Assembly.Proposed byJack Collins,this memorial would have resulted in $500,000 worth of signage replacement. Despite passing the assembly, it was never signed into law.[46]
In October 1997, groundbreaking was held on a project to reconstruct the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension.[85]As part of this project, a new interchange with US 130 was built that was completed on December 17, 1999, replacing the old slip ramp in the area that fead onto local streets with many potholes.[87]in addition, the toll plaza was replaced with a new wider one that contained EZ-Pass lanes, this part of the project was completed in February 2000.[88]On September 30 of that year, NJTA began usingE-ZPassfor electronic toll collection on the mainline.[89]
A replacement exit 1 toll barrier was completed in July 2004. Planned since the 1990s, the new plaza features 23 lanes, a walkway to allow for the toll collectors to avoid crossing traffic, and four high-speed E-ZPass lanes (two in each direction). Construction of the plaza had started in early 2001, and had cost $44 million to construct. The plaza was located approximately 1.2 miles (1.9 km) north of the original toll gate.[46]
In 2003, the E-ZPass system was extensively overhauled when the turnpike's E-ZPass transitioned to ACS State and local solutions. Also in 2002, the authority proposed adding express lanes to the eastern and western spurs.[90]In January 2004, the authority opened the new 18W express gantries in Carlstadt; these allowed for two 45 mph (72 km/h) lanes in each direction, though were restricted to EZ-Pass users only.[46]
On December 1, 2005,[46]the authority opened exit 15X. They did this to allow turnpike traffic to easily access theSecaucus Junction.[91]
In order to address chronic congestion, the authority opened a new two lane ramp at exit 8A to carry traffic onto the newly extendedCR 535in February 2006. The ramp that allowed traffic ontoRoute 32westbound was then closed off permanently (though not demolished); despite redundancy, the eastbound ramp was left intact.[92]In May 2006, hybrid vehicles were permitted to use the HOV lanes during peak periods.[46]The authority planned to buildRoute 92,an east–west spur fromUS 1and Ridge Road in the township of South Brunswick to the mainline of the turnpike at exit 8A in Monroe Township. This proposition was canceled on December 1, 2006.[92]The year also saw the completion of a project to expand exits 16E and 18E.[93]
In 2005, The authority began to lower the Eastern Spur (between mileposts 107.3 and 107.5) in Newark.[46]This project, completed in 2008, made it so that the spur consisted of a minimum 15-foot (4.6 m) vertical clearance and 12-foot (3.7 m) horizontal clearance on the shoulders underneath the Pulaski Skyway (US 1/9).
In March 2010, The authority completed a project that rebuilt exit 16W inEast Rutherford.Several new ramps were built, and old ones were demolished. One major modification was demolishing the old ramp from the tollgate to Route 3 west and constructing a new elevated ramp that swings swing around in the opposite direction to merge with Route 3 west, thereby completing the double trumpet-like interchange and reducing weaving on Route 3.[94]In April, the NJTA completed a project that rebuilt exit 12 in the Borough of Carteret. The project, carried out in order to reduce truck traffic, involved constructing new elevated ramps from Roosevelt Avenue east to the toll gate, replacing what was previously a fully an at-grade interchange with a unidirectional one. In addition, the seven-lane toll booth was demolished, and a new 17-lane one was constructed in its place. While it initially planned to be completed in November or December 2009, though was delayed five to six months behind schedule.[95]
The NJTA began accepting E-ZPass on all toll lanes on March 5, 2011, previously only marked lanes allowed for such.[96]In the middle of that year, the authority also reconstructed theRoute 495westbound overpass across the turnpike at exit 16E in Secaucus in order to add a third lane to said ramp.[97]
In late 2012, the authority completed a project that made many Safety improvements to exit 2 inWoolwich Township.A traffic signal at the T-intersection withUS 322,and turn lanes were added, in addition, a fourth access point was also constructed.[98][99]
In November 2004, GovernorRichard Codeyadvocated a plan to widen the turnpike by extending the dual-dual configuration 20.1 miles (32.3 km) south from exit 8A in Monroe Township to exit 6 in Mansfield Township. This was to be completed by 2014 when Pennsylvania was supposed to finish an interchange, that would connect its turnpike to the existing I-95 inBristol Township, Pennsylvania.Finances were to be supplied by rerouting money from the plannedRoute 92Turnpike extension.[100]On January 1, 2007, the NJTA released its plan for exit 8 in East Windsor Township. The old interchange, located west of the turnpike, would be demolished and replaced with a new one located to the east of the turnpike.[101]Other interchanges were also to be upgraded with this widening project. exit 6 in Mansfield Township would have its dual two laned ramps replaced by multiple pairs of single lane ramps, exit 7 inBordentown Townshipwould have new depressed ramps added, exit 7A inRobbinsville Townshipwould have three extra collection lanes added to its gate, and exit 8A in Monroe Township would have a new ramp added.[102]The NJTA would also add a third truck lane between exit 9 in East Brunswick Township and exit 8A in Monroe Township. No overpass replacement was needed since overpasses were already designed with future expansion in mind. Only final preparation and paving of an outer lane in the outer roadways were required to accommodate the extra lane. New signage and lighting was installed as part of the widening project. It was thought that some transmission towers that ran near the turnpike would have to be replaced to make room for the newly constructed roadways. However, this idea was dismissed because it would have been cost prohibitive, and the towers, in fact, did not need to be.[103]The widened turnpike features six lanes in each direction (3-3-3-3), double the previous capacity.[104][105]The new exit 8 opened in January 2013, featuring a new toll plaza consisting of 10 lanes, with direct access toRoute 133(Hightstown Bypass) without going through any traffic lights, as well as to Route 33 by using a grade-separated interchange.[101]Construction of a realigned Milford Road, near the interchange, was open to traffic in October 2011.[106]Milford Road was converted into an overpass crossing over the new interchange 8 ramp. The junction with the realigned Milford Road, Route 33 and Monmouth Street was also modified.[107]On July 2, 2009, a ceremonial groundbreaking took place near exit 8 to initiate the widening of the turnpike.[108]On January 28, 2014, the last two of the project's 31 construction contracts was awarded.[109]On May 17–18, 2014, the NJTA switched traffic from the inner roadway for the new outer roadway to do repairs and resurfacing of the inner roadway.[110]The rehabilitated northbound lanes opened on October 26, 2014, while the southbound lanes opened a week later on November 3, 2014. The final cost reported to be $2.3 billion.[111][112]The project employed 1,000 workers a day, and at one point was the largest active road construction project in the Western Hemisphere.[113]
All of the turnpike's originalvariable-message signs(VMS) were replaced from 2010 to 2015, and many new signs were also added. The replacement signs, which feature full graphic color matrix technology, are more up-to-date and feature travel times to major routes when not otherwise in use.[10]
In late October 2015, the southbound inner roadway exit ramp at exit 7A was closed to make repairs to the overpass crossing over the truck lanes. Steel plates beneath the deck of the exit ramp overpass "were not built to specification" when it was originally constructed, and to avoid premature replacement in the future, the ramps were repaired. These repairs were completed in late November 2015.[114]
To reduce congestion, the NJTA has widenedRoute 18and reconstructed all the associated ramps at exit 9 (except the ramp to Route 18 north) in East Brunswick Township. Construction began in late 2012 and was completed in mid-2016.[115][116][117][118]
The authority planned to reconstruct exit 14A in Jersey City and its connectors in Bayonne because the interchange was in "poor condition" and suffered from chronic congestion. This was part of a bigger project to address future traffic volume alongRoute 440.Official groundbreaking occurred on March 11, 2015, with an expanded toll plaza and connector bridge targeted for completion in late 2018 with a $310 million budget.[119][120]The newly expanded exit 14A reopened in May 2018 ahead of its anticipated opening later in the year.[121]
Signage for I-95 was extended fromI-195inRobbinsville Townshipto exit 6 in September 2018, the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension was also signed.[122]
In conjunction with thePort Authority of New York and New Jersey's replacement of theGoethals Bridge,improvements were being studied at exit 13 in Elizabeth and Linden.[123]However, the interchange was ultimately left as is, with no improvements being made.
On March 24, 2020, the New Jersey Turnpike Authority temporarily suspended cash toll collection due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.Drivers without E-ZPass transponders had their license plates photographed at the toll plazas and were sent bills in the mail. Cash collection resumed on May 19 of that year.[124]
In January 2020, the NJTA announced plans to construct E-ZPass express lanes at exit 18E.[125]This project was completed in November 2021.[126]Additionally, they also widened the express lanes at exit 6 in order to add a single collection lane in each direction, as the original configuration had become obsolete.[127]
From late April to May 2022, the ramps onto US 206 at exit 7 to the turnpike were temporarily closed so the overpass could be demolished.[128]
On June 9, 2023, theAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officialsapproved redesignating the Eastern Spur as I-695 and officially designating the Western Spur as I-95.[129]
Future projects
editTremley Point Road Connector
editThe authority is planning a 1.1-mile (1.8 km) roadway called the "Tremley Point Road Connector" from Industrial Highway in the Borough of Carteret to Tremley Point Road in theCity of Linden.The purpose of this extension is to increase truck access to the Tremley Point industrial area in Linden while moving trucks off local streets in residential neighborhoods. The authority chose this access road rather than a full interchange with Tremley Point Road from the turnpike mainline because of its proximity to both exits 12 and 13.[130]The estimated completion date of the connector has yet to be determined,[131]but as of October 2019, a construction contract has been awarded.[132]
Exits 1 to 4 widening
editThe NJTA plans to widen the segment of roadway between exits 1 through 4 to six lanes, thus eliminating the final four lane stretch of mainline roadway. Construction is planned to begin in 2025 and be completed in 2032.[133]The widening, which has been in the planning stage since 1992, will also involve the replacement or rehabilitation of 55 overpasses, as well as improvements to exits 1 through 4. In addition to this, residents, and congressmen, are lobbying for the authority andNJDOTto construct a long-anticipated interchange between the turnpike withRoute 42.This interchange would relieve tractor trailer traffic on exit 3 (Route 168), which creates massive backups as it is the only exit to Camden, Philadelphia, and southward. This proposed interchange will finally have a direct connection to the Atlantic City Expressway, I-76, and I-676. It would remove the requirement to travel through long suburban avenues with many traffic signals.[134]
Other plans
editThe NJTA plans to widen the Newark Bay Extension from four to six lanes. This would involve replacing 29 bridge structures, including the Newark Bay Bridge, as they are in poor condition, functionally obsolete, and not designed to be widened. Construction on the first phase of the project is expected to begin in 2026 and to be completed sometime between 2032 and 2034, with the other 3 phases currently undetermined.[133]There are also plans to widen the Western Spur from four lanes to six lanes, which would involve replacing many bridges, including the Harry Laderman Bridge. Long term plans call to convert the road to an all electronic tolling system, where E-ZPass is supported and those who do not have it get a picture of their license plate taken and charged a bill later. This would require demolishing conventional toll plazas in the process. There are also plans to extend the HOV lane past exit 13, as well as to replace a overpass carrying traffic at exit 17, as it has deteriorated significantly.[135]Additionally, there are plans to replace the four lane wide Delaware River Bridge on the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension with new twin three lane twinedcable-stayed bridges,with construction on this expected to begin sometime after 2030.[133]
Tolls
editThe New Jersey Turnpike is a closed-systemtoll road,using a system of long-distancetickets,obtained once by the motorist upon entering and surrendered upon exiting at toll gates. The toll fee depends on the distance traveled—longer distances result in higher tolls. As of January 1, 2023[update],the automobile toll from exit 1 to exit 18 is $20.05 using cash and $20.01 usingE-ZPasselectronic toll collection.[136]If the ticket is lost, the driver must pay the highest toll fee upon exiting. In September 2000, the turnpike introduced E-ZPass electronic toll collection.[137]Discounts were available to all users of the E-ZPass system until 2002. The cost to implement the E-ZPass system forced the NJTA to eliminate the discounts during peak hours and instead impose a $1 per month E-ZPass fee to account holders. E-ZPass customers with NJ accounts still receive a discount during off-peak hours,[138]when the automobile toll from exit 1 to exit 18 is $14.15. Cash customers do not receive this discount.[139]Four toll plazas on the turnpike have Express E-ZPass lanes, allowing E-ZPass customers to travel through toll areas at highway speeds, thanks to the addition of E-ZPass sensors on an overhead gantry. These high-speed toll gates are located at the northern terminus of the road on both the Western Spur and the Eastern Spur, the southern terminus inCarneys Point Township,and on the Pennsylvania Turnpike Extension. At each location, traditional E-ZPass and cash lanes are also available.[140]Every toll lane on the turnpike accepts E-ZPass.
The non-tolledI-295,which parallels the turnpike for much of its southern length, is often used as an alternate route forshunpikingby locals and through travelers alike; before the replacement of the exit 1 toll plaza, this route was promoted through signage and radio announcements from theNew Jersey State Policeas a bypass of summer congestion at the plaza.[citation needed]
On March 24, 2020, the NJTA temporarily suspended cash toll collection because of theCOVID-19 pandemic.Drivers without E-ZPass transponders had their license plates photographed at the toll plazas and were sent bills in the mail. Cash collection resumed on May 19 of that year.[124]
The turnpike and theGarden State Parkwayraised tolls in 2020 and 2021 and, in its 2023 budget, called for another toll increase of 7.4% in 2023. The NJTA said the increase was due to "pressures on discretionary travel and costs due to an inflation rate of 8.3%".[141]
Exit list
editMainline
editAs it was planned for from the start, the Eastern Spur is considered part of the mainline.
County | Location | mi[1][2] | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Salem | Pennsville Township | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | I-295 Tollsouth /US 40west (Delaware Memorial Bridge) toI-95–Delaware | Continuation south; southern end of I-295/US 40 concurrency |
0.22– 0.44 | 0.35– 0.71 | 1A | Route 49east –Pennsville,Salem | Signed as exit 1 southbound; western terminus of Route 49 | ||
– | I-295north /US 130north –Camden,Trenton,Penns Grove | Northbound exit and southbound entrance; northern end of I-295 concurrency; southern terminus of US 130 | ||||
Carneys Point Township | 1.12 | 1.80 | – | US 40east /Route 140west /CR 540–Atlantic City,Penns Grove,Deepwater | Northern end of US 40 concurrency; eastern terminus of Route 140; signed for US 40 northbound, Route 140/CR 540 southbound | |
2.40 | 3.86 | Exit 1 Toll Plaza (southern end of ticket system) | ||||
Gloucester | Woolwich Township | 12.80 | 20.60 | 2 | US 322–Swedesboro,Glassboro | |
Camden | Runnemede | 26.10 | 42.00 | 3 | Route 168toA.C. Expresswayeast –Camden | |
Burlington | Mount Laurel | 34.50 | 55.52 | 4 | Route 73–Mount Laurel,Camden | |
Westampton | 44.10 | 70.97 | 5 | Burlington,Mount Holly | Access viaCR 541 | |
Mansfield Township | 48.70 | 78.38 | Southern terminus of the dual-roadway setup (inner roadway for cars only, outer roadway for cars, trucks, and buses) | |||
51.00– 51.60 | 82.08– 83.04 | 6 | I-95 Tollsouth /Pearl Harbor Extensionwest toI-276 Tollwest /Penna Turnpikewest –Philadelphia | Eastern terminus of Pearl Harbor Extension; southern end of I-95 concurrency | ||
Bordentown Township | 53.30 | 85.78 | 7 | US 206–Bordentown,Trenton | ||
Mercer | Robbinsville Township | 60.50 | 97.37 | 7A | I-195–Trenton,Shore Points | Exit 6 on I-195 |
East Windsor | 67.50 | 108.63 | 8 | Route 133west toRoute 33–Hightstown,Freehold | Eastern terminus of Route 133 | |
Middlesex | Monroe Township–South Brunswickline | 73.90 | 118.93 | 8A | Route 32/CR 535toUS 130–Jamesburg,Cranbury | CR 535 not signed |
East Brunswick | 83.40 | 134.22 | 9 | Route 18(CR 527) toUS 1–New Brunswick | ||
Raritan River | 84.22 | 135.54 | Basilone Memorial Bridge | |||
Edison | 88.10 | 141.78 | 10 | I-287north /Route 440north /CR 514–Metuchen,Perth Amboy | Southern termini of I-287 and Route 440; CR 514 not signed; former exit 9A[142] | |
Woodbridge Township | 91.00 | 146.45 | 11 | G.S. ParkwaytoUS 9–Woodbridge,Shore Points | Exit 129 on G.S. Parkway | |
Carteret | 95.90 | 154.34 | 12 | Carteret,Rahway | Access viaCR 602 | |
Union | Elizabeth | 99.40 | 159.97 | 13 | I-278–Elizabeth,Staten Island | Access to Elizabeth viaRoute 439;exit 3A on I-278 |
101.60 | 163.51 | 13A | Newark Airport,Elizabeth Seaport | Access viaRoute 81 | ||
Essex | Newark | 104.70 | 168.50 | 14-14C | I-78/Newark Bay Extensioneast /US 1-9–Newark Airport,Holland Tunnel | Signed as exits 14 (west) and 14A-C (east); western terminus of Newark Bay Extension |
105.60 | 169.95 | – | I-95 Tollnorth / N.J. Turnpike north (Western Spur) toI-280west /Route 3–George Washington Bridge,Sports Complex | Southern terminus of the Western Spur; northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
106.90 | 172.04 | 15E | US 1-9south /US 1-9 Trucknorth –Newark,Jersey City | Signed for US 1-9 southbound, US 1-9 Truck northbound; southern terminus of US 1-9 Truck | ||
Hudson | Kearny | 108.50– 108.80 | 174.61– 175.10 | 15W | I-280west –Newark,Kearny | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; eastern terminus of I-280 |
Secaucus | 110.80 | 178.32 | 15X | Secaucus | Access via Seaview Drive | |
112.30 | 180.73 | 16E | Route 495east –Lincoln Tunnel | Northbound exit and southbound entrance; western terminus of Route 495; former I-495 | ||
Exit 18E Toll Plaza (northern end of ticket system) | ||||||
112.70 | 181.37 | 17 | Route 3/Route 495east –Lincoln Tunnel,Secaucus | Tolled southbound exit; no northbound access to Route 495; exit number not signed northbound | ||
Bergen | Ridgefield | – | ToI-80west –Paterson | Northbound left exit and southbound entrance | ||
116.80 | 187.97 | – | I-95 Tollsouth / N.J. Turnpike south (Western Spur) toRoute 3–Sports Complex | Northern terminus of the Western Spur; southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
Ridgefield Park | 117.20 | 188.62 | 68 | US 46/CR 39–The Ridgefields,Palisades Park | No northbound entrance; no northbound access to CR 39; CR 39 not signed; exit number not signed northbound | |
– | I-95north (N.J. Turnpike) –George Washington Bridge,New York City | Continuation north; northern end of I-95 concurrency | ||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |
Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension
editThe entire route is inBurlington County.
Location | mi[1][2] | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delaware River | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | I-95south /Penna Turnpikewest toI-276 Tollwest –Philadelphia,Harrisburg | Continuation intoPennsylvania;western end of I-95 concurrency |
Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge(westbound toll in Pennsylvania) | |||||
Florence Township | 2.60 | 4.18 | 6A | US 130–Florence,Burlington | Tolled westbound entrance; exit number not signed |
Exit 6 Toll Plaza | |||||
Mansfield Township | 6.55 | 10.54 | – | I-95 Tollnorth / N.J. Turnpike –New York City,Camden,Wilmington | Eastern terminus; eastern end of I-95 concurrency; exit 6 on N.J. Turnpike |
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
Newark Bay Extension
editCounty | Location | mi[1][2] | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Essex | Newark | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | I-78west /US 1-9toUS 22west –Newark,Newark Airport,Clinton | Continuation west; western end of I-78 concurrency |
Exit 14 Toll Plaza (western end of ticket system) | ||||||
0.30 | 0.48 | – | I-95 Toll/ N.J. Turnpike –New York,Trenton | Exit 14 on I-95 / Turnpike | ||
Newark Bay | 2.30 | 3.70 | Newark Bay Bridge | |||
Hudson | Jersey City | 3.50 | 5.63 | 14A | Route 185north /Route 440–Bayonne | Access via Port Jersey Boulevard; Route 185 not signed |
5.50 | 8.85 | 14B | Jersey City,Liberty State Park | Access via Bayview Avenue | ||
5.90 | 9.50 | Exit 14C Toll Plaza (eastern end of ticket system) | ||||
– | I-78east –Holland Tunnel,Liberty Science Center,Light Rail Park-Ride | Continuation east; eastern end of I-78 concurrency; access to Science Center/Park-Ride via Jersey City Boulevard | ||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
Western Spur
editCounty | Location | mi[1][2] | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Essex | Newark | 104.70 | 168.50 | – | I-95 Tollsouth / N.J. Turnpike south –Trenton | Southern terminus of the Western Spur |
14-14C | I-78/Newark Bay Extensioneast /US 1-9–Newark Airport,Holland Tunnel | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; signed as exits 14 (west) and 14A-C (east); western terminus of Newark Bay Extension | ||||
106.90 | 172.04 | 15E | US 1-9south /US 1-9 Trucknorth –Newark,Jersey City | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; US 1-9 Truck not signed | ||
Hudson | Kearny | 108.50– 108.80 | 174.61– 175.10 | 15W | I-280west –Newark,Kearny,The Oranges | Eastern terminus of I-280 |
Bergen | East Rutherford | 112.70 | 181.37 | 16W | Route 3/Route 120north –Secaucus,Rutherford | Route 120 not signed |
Carlstadt | 113.80 | 183.14 | Exit 18W Toll Plaza (northern end of ticket system) | |||
114.07– 114.55 | 183.58– 184.35 | 19W | Meadowlands Complex,American Dream | No northbound exit;E-ZPassonly-toll on southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
Ridgefield | – | ToI-80west –Paterson | Northbound left exit and southbound entrance | |||
116.80 | 187.97 | – | I-95north / N.J. Turnpike north toUS 46–George Washington Bridge,New York City | Northern terminus of the Western Spur | ||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |
I-95 Extension
editThe entire route is inBergen County.
Location | mi[1][2] | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ridgefield Park | 117.20 | 188.62 | – | I-95 Tollsouth / N.J. Turnpike south toRoute 3/Route 495east –Newark | Continuation south; southern end of I-95 concurrency | |
68 | US 46/CR 39–The Ridgefields,Palisades Park | No northbound entrance; no northbound access to CR 39; CR 39 not signed; exit number not signed northbound | ||||
117.80 | 189.58 | Challenger Road | Northbound exit and entrance | |||
Southern end of express (Upper Level) lanes and local (Lower Level) lanes | ||||||
Teaneck | 119.00– 119.40 | 191.51– 192.16 | 69 | I-80west toG.S. Parkway–Hackensack,Paterson | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; eastern terminus and exit 68B on I-80 | |
70 | Leonia,Teaneck | Signed as exits 70A (Leonia) and 70B (Teaneck) northbound; access viaCR 56 | ||||
Englewood | 120.90 | 194.57 | 71 | Englewood | Northbound exit and southbound entrance; access via Broad Avenue | |
Fort Lee | 121.50 | 195.54 | 72 | US 9Wnorth toPalisades Parkwaynorth –Fort Lee | Northbound exit and southbound entrance; southern terminus of US 9W | |
72A | Route 4west –Paramus | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; eastern terminus of Route 4 | ||||
122.40 | 196.98 | 72B | US 1-9south /US 46west –Palisades Park | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
– | I-95north /US 1-9north (US 46east) toI-87–George Washington Bridge,New York City | Continuation north; northern end of I-95 concurrency | ||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |
In popular culture
editThis article contains alist of miscellaneous information.(July 2024) |
21st century
edit- Somerdale-basedFlying Fish Brewingcurrently makes the "Exit Series" of beers, which are named in honor of various New Jersey Turnpike exits, with each beer intended to be reflective of the communities in or near where the relevant exit is located.[143]
- In 2015, lyrics onPassenger's song "Riding to New York" on theWhispersalbum describe a man riding a bike fromMinnesotatoNew York City:"And fly through Pennsylvania and the Jersey Turnpike tolls."[144]
- From 2009 to 2012, "Jersey Turnpike" was the name of a dance move created byDeena Nicole CorteseofJersey Shore,which aired onMTV.[145]
- From 1999 to 2007, the opening credits of every episode ofThe Sopranos,which aired onHBO,featured shots ofTony Sopranodriving on the New Jersey Turnpike, including Exits 12, 13, 14-14C, and 15W.[146]
- In 2011, thevideo gameNeed for Speed: The Run,a racing event starts on the Newark Bay Extension at Exit 14B before enteringJersey CityandLiberty State Parkand ending in theHolland Tunnelas the driver, who is the player of the game, is chased by police while driving into New York City.[147]
- In 2001, the song "Where I Come From"by country singerAlan Jacksonbegins with the lyrics: "Well I was rollin' wheels and shiftin' gears 'round that Jersey Turnpike."
- In 2012, a prehistoriccrocodylomorphBorealosuchus threeensiswas named in a reference to Exit 3 of the New Jersey Turnpike, the closest highway exit to the fossil locality.[148]
20th century
edit- In 1999, onThe West Wingepisode "The State Dinner",characterLeo McGarryresponds to a truckers union representative who uses inappropriate language: "This is theWhite House.It's not the Jersey Turnpike. "[149]
- In 1999, in the filmBeing John Malkovich,characters are transported intoJohn Malkovich's mind and then are suddenly dropped in a ditch beside the New Jersey Turnpike.[150]
- In 1994, in theSeinfeldepisode "The Big Salad",characterCosmo Kramerdrives MLB player Steve Gendason, who he met while playing golf, along the New Jersey Turnpike, in a white Ford Bronco, in a low speed chase, with the police following behind. Kramer had angered Gendason in a golfing argument, which possibly caused him to commit murder. The scene satirizes theO.J. Simpson chase.
- In 1988, one of the promotional taglines in the filmMovingis: "On the New Jersey Turnpike, no one can hear you scream."
- In 1986,The Dead Milkmen's albumEat Your Paisley!includes the song "Vince Lombardi Service Center," the name of a New Jersey Turnpike service center inRidgefield, New Jersey,as a CD bonus track.[151]
- In 1982, theBruce Springsteensong, "State Trooper" on theNebraskaalbum, mentions the New Jersey Turnpike in its opening lyric: "New Jersey Turnpike, riding on a wet night. 'Neath the refinery's glow, out where the greatblackriversflow. "[152]
- In 1981, the character "Paulie Herman" onSaturday Night Live,played byJoe Piscopo,was known for an ongoing show segment in which he says: "Are you from Jersey? I'm from Jersey. What exit?," referring to New Jersey Turnpike andGarden State Parkwayexits.[153][154]
- In 1975, the Bruce Springsteen song "Jungleland"on theBorn to Runalbum mentions the New Jersey Turnpike in its lyrics: "Man, there's an opera out on the Turnpike. There's a ballet being fought out in the alley. Until the local cops, cherry tops, rips this holy night."
- In 1968,Simon & Garfunkel's song "America"includes the lyric:" Counting the cars on the New Jersey Turnpike. "[6]
- In 1966, the autobiographicalMamas & Papassong "Creeque Alley"includes the lines:" Standing on the turnpike, thumb out to hitchhike/Take her to New York right away, "referring to a brokeMama Cass Elliothitching a ride fromMarylandback to New York City via the New Jersey Turnpike.
- In 1956,Chuck Berry's song "You Can't Catch Me"includes the lyrics:" New Jersey Turnpike in the/wee wee hours I was/rolling slowly 'cause of/drizzlin' showers. "
See also
editNotes
edit- ^TheGarden State Parkway,although maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority, is not considered part of the turnpike.
References
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The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this series of multivehicle collisions was the penetration of vehicles into areas of severely reduced visibility due to fog and smoke, the latter occasioned by fires adjacent to the turnpike which had not been promptly extinguished. The delay in closing the affected roadways by the New Jersey State Police contributed to the number of accidents.
- ^1971 annual report[full citation needed]
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- ^Shadely, 1973[full citation needed]
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The Widening Program created a three-lane Outer Roadway in each direction over the 25 miles between Interchange 6 in Mansfield Township, Burlington County, and Interchange 8A in Monroe Township, Middlesex County.
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Further reading
edit- Gillespie, Angus Kress; Rockland, Michael Aaron (1989).Looking for America on the New Jersey Turnpike.Rutgers University Press.ISBN978-0-8135-1466-6.
- Shadely, John (1973).Acoustical Analysis of the New Jersey Turnpike Widening Project Between Raritan and East Brunswick.Bolt, Beranek and Newman.
External links
edit- New Jersey Turnpike Authority (& Garden State Parkway) official website
- NJTP's official website for the Interchange 6 to 9 Widening ProgramArchivedJuly 8, 2007, at theWayback Machine
- An expanded view of road jurisdiction near the confluence of US 46, I-95 / NJ Turnpike, I-280, Route 7 and CR 508 in Kearny
- New Jersey Turnpike (I-95) (Greater New York Roads)
- New Jersey Turnpike (Route 700) (Greater New York Roads)
- The New Jersey Turnpike Charles M. Noble The Chief Engineer New Jersey Turnpike Authority Trenton, N. J.