Wikipedia

Nissan Serena

TheNissan Serena(Japanese:Nhật sản ・セレナ,Hepburn:Nissan Serena)is aminivanmanufactured byNissan,joining the slightly largerVanette.The car was engineered by Nissan'sAichi Manufacturing Divisionand launched in 1991 as a compact passenger van, and it grew larger with each generation over the years. Earlier versions werefront-engine, rear-wheel-drive layoutwith alive axlemounted onleaf springs,while the following generations arefront-wheel driveor4WD.

Nissan Serena
2018 Nissan Serena Highway Star S-Hybrid (C27, Hong Kong)
Overview
ManufacturerNissan
Also called
  • Nissan Vanette Serena (1991–1994)
  • Suzuki Landy(Japan, 2007–2022)
Production1991–present
Body and chassis
ClassMinivan
Layout
Chronology
PredecessorNissan Vanette(Asia and Europe)
SuccessorNissan Primastar(for C23, Europe)

The Serena is designed to comply withJapanese vehicle class,which means its external dimensions are restricted to 4.7 meters in length and 1.7 meters in width. It slots below the largerNissan Elgrandin Japan as a smaller, cheaper alternative. Competitors include theToyota Noah,theHonda Stepwgn,theMitsubishi Delica,and formerly, theMazda Biante.

Its name is from the Latin word"serēnus",meaning "clear, tranquil, pleasant".

The Serena was rebadged and marketed bySuzukias theSuzuki Landy(Japanese:スズキ・ランディ,Hepburn:Suzuki Randi)between 2007 and 2022.[1]The Serena based Landy was discontinued and replaced by an all-new version that is now based on theToyota Noahstarting in 2022, when the fourth generation Noah was released.

Like the larger Elgrand, a tuned, modified version of the Serena is available byAutech.

First generation (C23; 1991)

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First generation
Nissan Serena 2.0 FX (pre-facelift, Japan)
Overview
Model codeC23
Also called
  • Nissan Vanette Cargo/E
  • Nissan Vanette Serena
  • LDV Cub
Production1991–2001
AssemblyJapan:Yokosuka, Kanagawa(Oppama Plant)
Spain:Barcelona
Malaysia:Kuala Lumpur
Body and chassis
Body style4-doorminivan
LayoutFront mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
  • 5-speed manual
  • 4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,735 mm (107.7 in)
Length4,355–4,380 mm (171.5–172.4 in)
Width1,695 mm (66.7 in)
Height1,825–1,915 mm (71.9–75.4 in)
Curb weight
  • 1,250–1,610 kg (2,756–3,549 lb) (2WD)
  • 1,610–1,730 kg (3,549–3,814 lb) (4WD)
Chronology
SuccessorNissan Primastar(Europe)

Models were manufactured in Japan from 1991 onwards, and many were imported into Australasia and the United Kingdom. Nissan produced many different trim levels - FX, SX etc. Full-Auto (full-time) 4WD versions were also produced providing greater stability and better handling. The naturally aspirated 2.3 L diesel was never manufactured for the Japanese market and its seating arrangement and interior fittings are not the same as the 2.0 L petrol (SR20DE), 2.0 L dieselCD20and turbo-dieselCD20Tmodels manufactured in Japan for the local market. It was exclusive to Japanese Nissan dealerships calledNissan Bluebird Store.

Throughout its production the C23 model underwent several facelifts although the interior design and body largely remained unchanged, for example, addition of airbags and bench seats for the second and third rows. Each facelift model can be identified by front grille design which was updated in 1994 and 1997.

In European markets, the C23 Serena had 1.6 or 2.0 L petrols, or 2.3 L diesel engines LD23. Trim levels were LX, SLX, SGX and SGXi.Auto Expressonce named the Serena as the slowest passenger car in the benchmark 0-60 mph (now 62 mph) test, with the 2.3 L diesel version (added in the mid 1990s) taking 27.8 seconds to reach that speed.

Until around 2002, the standard petrol engine was anSR20DE.A variety of other engines were used over the years, includingdieselsspecifically theCD20(for the commercial van version),CD20T1,973 cc Diesel Turbo, and theCD20ET.

  • Nissan Serena Cargo VX (Japan)
  • Nissan Serena 1.6i FGX (first facelift, Indonesia)
  • Nissan Serena (first facelift, Indonesia)
  • Nissan Serena (first facelift, Indonesia)
Serena Highway Star
  • Nissan Serena Highway Star (second facelift, Japan)
  • Nissan Serena Highway Star (second facelift, Japan)

Europe

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TheNissan Vanettewas a series of small vans manufactured inSpainby Nissan alongside the European market Serena models. The van was produced in two versions, the Vanette E, which shared the basic body shell with the Nissan Serena people carrier, differing only in not having rear windows and passenger seats, and the Vanette Cargo, which was longer and had a higher roof line from behind the front seats.

In June 1998,LDV Groupentered into an agreement with Nissan to sell a rebranded version of the Vanette Cargo.[2]This was named the LDV Cub and was sold alongside the Vanette in Britain. The model was discontinued in 2001 and replaced by a rebadged version of theRenault Traficcalled the Nissan Primastar, which is produced inLuton,England andBarcelona,Spain.

  • Nissan Serena (facelift, Germany)
  • Nissan Serena (facelift, Germany)
  • Nissan Vanette Cargo (pre-facelift)
  • Nissan Vanette Cargo (pre-facelift)
  • Nissan Vanette E (facelift)
  • LDV Cub
  • LDV Cub rear

Reputation

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The Nissan Serena Mk1 is said to have animageproblem by some, in particularFifth GearpresenterQuentin Willson,who remarked in a 1997Top Gearepisode that"...the Nissan Serena was about as seductive as askipand as desirable as an old shoe. "

By 2000, the Nissan Serena was described as the worst new car sale on Britain, byTop Gear'sBuyers Guide,with "absolutely nothing to recommend it for".

Although the Nissan Serena handles better than most people expect it to (due to its mid-mounted engine), its power-to-weight ratio is particularly poor, as shown by the 0–100 km/h averages listed below. For those wanting performance cars, the only models with marginally acceptable acceleration are powered by the SR20DE engine, but all models are acceptable for the target family-car user, as shown by sales figures.

Nissan Largo

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Largowas the model name used for a Nissan passenger van based on the C23 Serena between 1992 and 1998. Unlike the previous Largo, which was essentially a widened C22Nissan Vanette,the W30 Largo was a totally rebodied, wider Serena with more equipment such as four-wheel-drive. It was exclusive toNissan Satio Storelocations as a large load carrying vehicle next to theSunny.The Largo was available with either a 2.4-litre petrol or a 2.0-litre turbo-diesel, both mid engined (under the front seats).

  • W30 Nissan Largo (pre-facelift)
  • W30 Nissan Largo SX-G Plus (facelift)
  • W30 Nissan Largo (facelift)
  • W30 Nissan Largo Highway Star (facelift)
  • W30 Nissan Largo Highway Star Touring
  • W30 Nissan Largo Highway Star Touring

Second generation (C24; 1999)

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Second generation
Overview
Model codeC24
Also called
  • Dongfeng Yuxuan (China)
  • Dongfeng Succe (China)
Production1999–2005 (Japan)
2001–2012 (Taiwan)
2001–2012 (Malaysia, Philippines)
2004–2012 (Indonesia)
2007–present (China)
AssemblyJapan:Yokosuka, Kanagawa(Oppama Plant)
China:Zhengzhou, Henan(Zhengzhou Nissan)
Indonesia:Purwakarta(Nissan Motor Indonesia)[3]
Malaysia:Kuala Lumpur(TCMA)
Philippines:Manila(2002–2003)
Santa Rosa City(2003–September 2012)
Taiwan:Miaoli
Body and chassis
Body style5-doorminivan
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
PlatformNissan MS platform
RelatedDongfeng Yumsun
ZNA Succe
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,695 mm (106.1 in)
Length4,590 mm (180.7 in) 4,731 mm (186.3 in) (Taiwan)
Width1,695 mm (66.7 in)
Height1,825 mm (71.9 in)
Curb weight1,580 kg (3,483 lb)

The second-generation Serena was launched in Japan in June 1999, ditched therear-wheel drivelayout in favour offront-wheel driveconstruction. These versions had a facelift with a wider variety of engines and colours. From December 2001 onwards (the time of the facelift) the Serena used theQR20DEandQR25DE.The pre-facelift C24 Serenas all have a 2.0 L engine, with the optional 2.5 L engine becoming available from 2002. With the partnership between Nissan and Renault having been implemented, Nissan MPVs were withdrawn from Europe where Renault products, like theRenault EspaceandRenault Scénicwere sold and better accepted.

Indonesian-market cars use the 2.0 LQR20DEinline-fourpetrolengine. The trims available in Indonesia are Comfort Touring, Highway Star, andAutech.The Comfort Touring trim-level does not come equipped with electric sliding door and reverse camera, while the Highway Star and theAutechdo.[4]The C24 Serena was also manufactured byEdaran Tan Chong Motor Sdn BhdinKuala Lumpur,Malaysia.[5]

  • Japanese-market Serena pre-facelift rear
  • Japanese-market Serena post-facelift
  • Japanese-market Serena post-facelift rear
  • Japanese-market Serena High Roof post-facelift rear
Serena Highway Star
  • Japanese-market Serena Highway Star pre-facelift
  • Japanese-market Serena Highway Star post-facelift
Serena Rider
  • Japanese-market Serena Rider pre-facelift
  • Japanese-market Serena Rider pre-facelift rear
  • Japanese-market Serena Rider post-facelift
  • Japanese-market Serena Rider post-facelift rear

Taiwanese version

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In Taiwan, a lengthened version of the Serena C24 has been manufactured byYulonunder the Nissan label. The Taiwanese Serena is 141 mm (5.6 in) longer than the original, all behind the C-pillar. The Taiwanese version was in production until 2012 and only available with the 160 PS (118 kW) 2.5-literQR25DEengine joined to a 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic.[6]

  • Taiwanese-market Serena pre-facelift
  • Taiwanese-market Serena pre-facelift
  • Taiwanese-market Serena post-facelift
  • Taiwanese-market Serena post-facelift

Chinese version

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In thePeople's Republic of China,the Serena Mk. II was sold byZhengzhou Nissan Automobilein the form of the Taiwanese Yulon version while being rebadged to Yuxuan or Yumsun under the Dongfeng brand.

  • Dongfeng Yuxuan (Yumsun)
  • Dongfeng Yuxuan rear

Another restyled, rebadged, and renamed version called theDongfeng Succeand is also produced by their subsidiaryZhengzhou Nissan Automobile.[7]

  • Dongfeng Succe pre-facelift
  • 2012 Dongfeng ZNA Succe 1.6 pre-facelift
  • Chinese-market Dongfeng Succe post-facelift
  • Chinese-market Dongfeng Succe post-facelift

Third generation (C25; 2005)

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Third generation
Overview
Model codeC25
Also calledSuzuki Landy
Production2005–2010
AssemblyJapan:Hiratsuka, Kanagawa(Nissan Shatai)
Body and chassis
Body style5-doorminivan
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine2.0 LMR20DEDII4
TransmissionXtronic CVT
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,860 mm (112.6 in)
Length4,650–4,725 mm (183.1–186.0 in)
Width1,695–1,725 mm (66.7–67.9 in)
Height1,840–1,850 mm (72.4–72.8 in)
Curb weight1,610–1,700 kg (3,549–3,748 lb)

The third generation debuted in Japan in May 2005.[8]This model was officially sold in Japan and Hong Kong, and also sold through parallel imports in Singapore, Indonesia and Brunei.

In 2007, 2008 and 2009, the Serena C25 was the best sellingminivanin Japan.

This model was also sold as the Suzuki Landy in Japan, a practice that is continued with the fourth and fifth generation Serena.

The third generation was discontinued in Japan in late 2010 and in Hong Kong in 2011.

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  • Nissan Serena C25 pre-facelift rear
  • Nissan Serena C25 20RS/RX pre-facelift
  • Nissan Serena C25 Highway Star pre-facelift
  • Nissan Serena C25 post-facelift
  • Nissan Serena C25 post-facelift rear
  • Nissan Serena C25 Highway Star post-facelift
  • Nissan Serena C25 Highway Star post-facelift rear
  • Suzuki Landy pre-facelift
  • Suzuki Landy post-facelift
  • Nissan Serena interior

Fourth generation (C26; 2010)

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Fourth generation
Overview
Model codeC26
Also calledSuzuki Landy[9]
Production2010–2016 (Japan)
2012–2019 (Indonesia)
2014–2018 (Malaysia)
AssemblyJapan:Kanda, Fukuoka(Nissan Motor Kyushu)
Indonesia:Purwakarta(NMI)
Malaysia:Serendah(TCMA)
Body and chassis
Body style5-doorminivan
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine2.0 LMR20DDDII4
2.0 LMR20DD S-HybridDI I4
TransmissionXtronic CVT
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,860 mm (112.6 in)
Length4,685–4,770 mm (184.4–187.8 in)
Width1,695–1,735 mm (66.7–68.3 in)
Height1,865–1,875 mm (73.4–73.8 in)
Curb weight1,600–1,720 kg (3,527–3,792 lb)

The 2011 Nissan Serena was released in late November 2010 to the Japanese market, equipped with a new 2.0-litre MR20DD direct injectioninline-fourgasoline engine.[10]This model was sold in Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Indonesia.[11]

In August 2012, Nissan added their newly developed simple hybrid system calledSmart Simple HybridorS-HYBRID.The Nissan Serena C26 S-HYBRID has its regeneration capacity and output power of theEco Motor,which is an alternator that is used for Nissan's Serena having an idling stop mechanism and capable of restarting an engine, upgraded. Nissan added a lead sub-battery in the engine room for extended energy regeneration capacity.[citation needed]The Serena has a fuel economy of 15.2 km/L (approx 35.8 mpg) under theJC08 test mode.[12]

In Indonesia, the C26 Serena was locally assembled and went on sale in January 2013. The Autech version of the Highway Star trim was added in September 2013. The facelift version of the C26 Serena was launched on 13 March 2015.

In Malaysia, Tan Chong launched Nissan Serena S-Hybrid in July 2013 being fully imported from Japan and only available in one trim level: Highway Star.[13][14]In November 2014, the facelift version was launched, being locally assembled in Malaysia and available in two trim levels: Highway Star and Premium Highway Star.[15][16]In July 2016, Impul versions were made available.[17]

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  • Nissan Serena C26 pre-facelift rear
  • Nissan Serena Highway Star pre-facelift
  • Nissan Serena Highway Star pre-facelift rear
  • Nissan Serena S-Hybrid post-facelift
  • Nissan Serena S-Hybrid post-facelift rear
  • Nissan Serena Highway Star S-Hybrid post-facelift
  • Suzuki Landy pre-facelift
  • Nissan Serena interior

Fifth generation (C27; 2016)

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Fifth generation
2016 Nissan Serena X (C27; pre-facelift, Hong Kong)
Overview
Model codeC27
Also calledSuzuki Landy
Production2016–2022
2018–present (Malaysia)
AssemblyJapan:Kanda, Fukuoka(Nissan Motor Kyushu)
Malaysia:Serendah(TCMA)
DesignerKensuke Sugimatsu (facelift)[18][19]
Body and chassis
Body style5-doorminivan
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine1.2 LHR12DEEFII3(generator only; e-Power Hybrid)
2.0 LMR20DDDII4(MHEV; S-Hybrid)
Electric motor2x EM57 High Power 96 kW (129 hp), 254 N⋅m (187 lb⋅ft) ACSynchronous electric motor(Serena e-Power)
TransmissionXtronic CVT
Hybrid drivetrainMild hybrid(Serena S-Hybrid)
Series hybrid(Serena e-Power)
Battery1.57 kWhlithium-ion(Serena e-Power)
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,860 mm (112.6 in)
Length4,685–4,770 mm (184.4–187.8 in)
Width1,695–1,740 mm (66.7–68.5 in)
Height1,865 mm (73.4 in)
Curb weight1,710 kg (3,770 lb)

Nissan unveiled the fifth generation Serena on 6 July 2016, and sales began in Japan on 24 August 2016. The all-new Serena received theProPilot technology,which doeslane centering.The system is designed for highway use, and will only be used in single-lane traffic as a means to keep a car between the lines of a lane on the highway. Nissan's system is operational at speeds between 30 km/h (19 mph) and 100 km/h (62 mph), and is designed to hold the vehicle in the middle of a lane by reading markers and controlling steering. Propilot can follow curves, and it automatically controls the distance between the vehicle ahead.[20]

The Serena e-Power went on sale in February 2018. It is aseries hybridwith noplug-incapability powered by the HR12DEstraight-three engine.

The C27 Serena debuted in Hong Kong in 2017.[citation needed]

In Malaysia, the C27 Nissan Serena S-Hybrid was launched on 14 May 2018 as a 7-seater locally assembled MPV and available in two trim levels: Highway Star and Premium Highway Star.[21]

In Singapore, an e-Power powered C27 Nissan Serena was displayed during the 2019 Singapore Motor Show.[22]

In Indonesia, the C27 Serena was launched on 19 February 2019 and is fully imported from Japan.[23]

  • 2016 Nissan Serena X (C27; pre-facelift, Hong Kong)
  • 2016 Nissan Serena Highway Star VIP (C27; pre-facelift, Hong Kong)
  • 2016 Nissan Serena Highway Star VIP (C27; pre-facelift, Hong Kong)
  • Nissan Serena interior

Facelift

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The C27 Serena received a facelift in Japan on 1 August 2019 with redesigned front grille, front and rear bumpers, and omnidirectional driving support.[24][25]

In Malaysia, the facelifted C27 Serena S-Hybrid was launched on 6 July 2022.[26]


  • 2019 Nissan Serena XV (GFC27; facelift, Japan)
  • 2021 Nissan Serena e-Power XV Aero (GFC27; facelift, Japan)
  • 2019 Nissan Serena e-Power Highway Star V (HFC27; facelift, Hong Kong)

Specifications

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Engines

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Gasoline-electric hybrid[27][28]
Model Years Type Power, torque@rpm
Serena 2WD (5AA-GC27, 5AA-GFC27) 2018- 1997cc I4 (Nissan MR20DD) 110 kW (150 PS; 148 hp) at 6000rpm, 200 N⋅m (147.5 lb⋅ft; 20.4 kg⋅m) at 4400rpm
Serena 4WD (5AA-GNC27, 5AA-GFNC27) AC synchronous motor (Nissan SM24) 1.9 kW (2.6 PS; 2.5 hp), 4.8 N⋅m (3.5 lb⋅ft; 0.5 kg⋅m)
Serena e-POWER 2WD (6AA-HC27, 6AA-HFC27) 2018- 1198cc I3 (Nissan HR12DE) 62 kW (84 PS; 83 hp) at 6000rpm, 103 N⋅m (76 lb⋅ft; 11 kg⋅m) at 3200-5200rpm
AC synchronous motor (Nissan EM57) fixed output: 70 kW (95 PS; 94 hp), 320 N⋅m (236.0 lb⋅ft; 32.6 kg⋅m)
maximum output: 100 kW (136 PS; 134 hp), 320 N⋅m (236.0 lb⋅ft; 32.6 kg⋅m)

Transmission

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Gasoline-electric hybrid
Model Years Type
Serena 2WD (5AA-GC27, 5AA-GFC27) 2018- Xtronic CVT
Serena 4WD (5AA-GNC27, 5AA-GFNC27)
Serena e-POWER 2WD (6AA-HC27, 6AA-HFC27) 2018- Single Speed Planetary Gear

Sixth generation (C28; 2022)

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Sixth generation
2022 Nissan Serena e-Power XV (GC28, Japan)
Overview
Model codeC28
ProductionNovember 2022 – present
AssemblyJapan:Kanda, Fukuoka(Nissan Motor Kyushu)
Body and chassis
Layout
Powertrain
Engine
Electric motorEM57ACsynchronous(1.4 L e-Power hybrid)
Power output
  • 110 kW (148 hp; 150 PS) (MR20DD)
  • 72 kW (97 hp; 98 PS) (HR14DDe)
  • 120 kW (161 hp; 163 PS) (EM57electric motor)
Transmission
Hybrid drivetrainSeries(e-Power)
BatteryLithium-ion
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,870 mm (113.0 in)
Length4,690–4,765 mm (184.6–187.6 in)
Width1,695–1,715 mm (66.7–67.5 in)
Height1,870–1,895 mm (73.6–74.6 in)
Kerb weight1,670–1,850 kg (3,681.7–4,078.6 lb)

The sixth-generation Serena was unveiled on 28 November 2022.[29]

  • 2022 Nissan Serena e-Power XV (GC28, Japan)
  • 2022 Nissan Serena e-Power Luxion (GFC28, Japan)
  • 2022 Nissan Serena e-Power Autech (GFC28, Japan)
  • Interior

Markets

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Japan

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For the Japanese market, it is available in X, XV, Highway Star V and Luxion grade levels. The first three grades are available with either petrol or e-Power and have 7-and 8-seater capacity, while the latter is only offered with e-Power and has 7-seater capacity.[30]Since September 2024, optional “e-4ORCE” four-wheel-drive option became available for the e-Power X, XV and Highway Star V grades.

Singapore

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The sixth generation Serena was launched in Singapore on 13 May 2024. It is only offered with e-Power petrol hybrid, with either Premium 8-seater variant and Highway Star Prestige 7-seater variants.[31]

Indonesia

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The Indonesian market sixth-generation Serena was previewed in August 2023 at the30th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show.[32]It went on sale in July 2024 at the same yearly event.[33]For the sixth-generation, the Serena is only available with the e-Power series hybrid powertrain, and is offered in a sole trim level, Highway Star.[34]


Awards

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Nissan Serena won Technology Award at 2023-2024 Japan car of the year. Nissan has announced that the Serena minivan has been awarded the Technology Car of the Year at the 2023-2024 Japan Car of the Year awards.[35]

Sales

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Year Japan[36] Indonesia[37] Malaysia[38]
1999 45,177
2000 64,093 1,682
2001 54,220 1,292
2002 60,492 660
2003 47,400 387
2004 40,760 362
2005 69,973 1,749 1,048
2006 80,901 779 634
2007 77,544 1,279 434
2008 72,927 1,710 422
2009 78,836 2,116 320
2010 75,040 3,166 449
2011 84,359 2,175 361
2012 96,020 2,304 347
2013 96,407 4,008 2,163
2014 76,909 1,712 2,429
2015 61,796 1,661 2,652
2016 73,502 0 2,706
2017 84,433 1,305 2,722
2018 99,865 572 5,846
2019 92,956 964 5,740
2020 68,648 577 4,663
2021 58,954 74 2,554
2022 57,513 333 3,250
2023 75,673 428

References

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  1. ^"ランディ｜スズキ".suzuki.co.jp.Suzuki Motor Corporation.27 January 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 13 January 2021.Retrieved29 March2021.
  2. ^"LDV to launch own version of Nissan Cargo one-tonne van".FleetNews UK.Bauer Consumer Media Ltd. 24 June 1998.Retrieved27 September2015.
  3. ^"Nissan Evalia akan Diproduksi di Indonesia"[Nissan to manufacture the Evalia in Indonesia] (in Indonesian). tempo.co. 5 April 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 16 January 2013.Retrieved6 September2012.
  4. ^"Perbedaan Nissan Serena High Way Star (HWS) dan Nissan Serena City Touring (CT)"[Differences between the Nissan Serena High Way Star (HWS) and the Nissan Serena City Touring (CT)].autonetrentcar(in Indonesian). autonetrentcar.com. April 2012.Retrieved6 September2012.
  5. ^"Nissan In Malaysia".car-cat.Car-cat.com. Archived fromthe originalon 2 May 2012.Retrieved25 July2010.
  6. ^"Nissan Serena"(in Chinese). Taiwan: Dụ long nhật sản khí xa (Yulon Nissan).Retrieved6 September2012.
  7. ^"Official Dongfeng Yumsun website".Zznissan-yumsun.Zznissan-yumsun.com.cn. Archived fromthe originalon 6 December 2010.Retrieved26 September2010.
  8. ^"NISSAN RELEASES NEW SERENA -Also releases Rider series and LV series models-".30 May 2005.
  9. ^"New Suzuki Landy unveiled, based on Nissan Serena - paultan.org".16 December 2016.
  10. ^"Nissan Releases All-New Serena Minivan".7 November 2010.
  11. ^"Nissan Serena Terbaru Resmi Diluncurkan".detik.com.detikOto.Retrieved9 February2013.
  12. ^Tsuruhara, Yoshiro (20 July 2012)."Nissan Mounts Simple Hybrid System in New Minivan".Tech-On!.Nikkei Business Publications Inc.
  13. ^"Nissan Serena S-Hybrid MPV launched in Malaysia - RM149,500".Paul Tan's Automotive News.23 July 2013.Retrieved14 April2018.
  14. ^Kon (23 July 2013)."Nissan Serena S-Hybrid launched in Malaysia - Autoworld.com.my".Autoworld.com.my.Retrieved14 April2018.
  15. ^"Nissan Serena S-Hybrid facelift debuts – CKD, RM139k".Paul Tan's Automotive News.4 November 2014.Retrieved14 April2018.
  16. ^Kon (4 November 2014)."Nissan Serena S-Hybrid CKD launched - Autoworld.com.my".Autoworld.com.my.Retrieved14 April2018.
  17. ^"Nissan Serena S-Hybrid Tuned by Impul launched in Malaysia - two variants, RM146k and RM156k".Paul Tan's Automotive News.1 July 2016.Retrieved14 April2018.
  18. ^"A00201903743".DGIP.go.id.Pangkalan Data Kekayaan Intelektual. 13 August 2020.Retrieved25 January2022.
  19. ^"A00201903742".DGIP.go.id.Pangkalan Data Kekayaan Intelektual. 13 August 2020.Retrieved25 January2022.
  20. ^Toma, Sebastian (13 July 2016)."Nissan Introduces Japan' First Autonomous Drive Feature On Serena Minivan".autoevolution.Retrieved24 June2019.
  21. ^"2018 Nissan Serena S-Hybrid launched in Malaysia, from RM136k".Paul Tan's Automotive News.14 May 2018.Retrieved14 May2018.
  22. ^"Nissan Kicks off electrification strategy in Singapore at Singapore Motorshow 2019".Nissan | Online Newsroom.10 January 2019.Retrieved11 January2019.
  23. ^Rayanti, Dina."Ini Dia Wajah Baru Nissan Serena".detikoto.Retrieved24 June2019.
  24. ^"Nhật sản, “セレナ” をマイナーチェンジ "[Nissan Serena minor change] (Press release). Japan: Nissan Global. 1 August 2019.Retrieved7 August2019.
  25. ^Lee, Jonathan (5 August 2019)."C27 Nissan Serena facelift introduced – big new grille, improved ProPilot semi-autonomous driving tech".Paultan.org.Malaysia: Driven Communications.Retrieved7 August2019.
  26. ^Lee, Jonathan (6 July 2022)."2022 Nissan Serena S-Hybrid facelift launched in Malaysia – now with AEB, priced from RM150k-RM163k".Paultan.org.Malaysia: Driven Communications.Retrieved18 July2022.
  27. ^"セレナ chủ yếu trang bị nhất lãm (C27)"(PDF).
  28. ^"セレナ “XV エアロ” chủ yếu trang bị nhất lãm (C27) "(PDF).
  29. ^"Tân hình “セレナ” を phát biểu "[All-new Serena announced] (Press release) (in Japanese). Japan: Nissan. 28 November 2022.Retrieved28 November2022.
  30. ^Pan, Eu Jin (29 November 2022)."2023 C28 Nissan Serena – 1.4L e-Power hybrid with 163 PS & 315 Nm, flagship Luxion variant, Pro-Pilot 2.0".paultan.org.Malaysia.Retrieved30 November2022.
  31. ^"Nissan Serena e-POWER launches in Singapore - Sgcarmart".Sgcarmart.com.13 May 2024.Retrieved20 July2024.
  32. ^Rayanti, Dina (11 August 2023)."Nissan Pamer Serena e-Power di GIIAS 2023, Siap Bikin Toyota Voxy Was-was".detikOto(in Indonesian).Retrieved15 June2024.
  33. ^Hafid, Muhammad (17 July 2024)."GIIAS 2024: Nissan Serena e-Power Resmi Punya Banderol, Mulai Rp635 Juta".Oto(in Indonesian).Retrieved30 August2024.
  34. ^Andi, Dimas (18 July 2024)."Nissan Resmi Jual Serena e-Power di Indonesia, Simak Harga dan Spesifikasinya".Kontan(in Indonesian).Retrieved20 July2024.
  35. ^"Nissan Serena won Technology Award at 2023-2024 Japan car of the year – Japanese Car News".Retrieved1 January2024.
  36. ^"あの thời mại れていた xa は? Nhân khí thừa dụng xa phiến mại đài sổ ランキング"[What cars were selling at that time? Popular passenger car sales ranking].www.sonysonpo.co.jp(in Japanese).Retrieved1 April2024.
  37. ^"Wholesales Data".Indonesian Automobile Industry Data - GAIKINDO.
  38. ^"Car Popularity".data.gov.my.

【2022 niên 12 nguyệt フルモデルチェンジ】 nhật sản セレナC28 hình の ngoại trang ・ nội trang の tình báo

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