Outline of software engineering

The followingoutlineis provided as an overview of and topical guide to software engineering:

Software engineering– application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance ofsoftware;that is the application ofengineeringtosoftware.^[1]

The ACM Computing Classification system is a poly-hierarchical ontology that organizes the topics of the field and can be used in semantic web applications and as a de facto standard classification system for the field. The major section "Software and its Engineering" provides an outline and ontology for software engineering.

Software applications

Softwareengineers buildsoftware(applications,operating systems,system software) that people use.

Applications influence software engineering by pressuring developers to solve problems in new ways. For example, consumer software emphasizes low cost, medical software emphasizes high quality, and Internet commerce software emphasizes rapid development.

Business software
- Accounting software
Analytics
- Data miningclosely related todatabase
- Decision support systems
Airlinereservations
Banking
- Automated teller machines
- Chequeprocessing
- Credit cards
Commerce
- Trade
- Auctions(e.g. eBay)
- Reverse auctions(procurement)
- Bar code scanners
Compilers
- Parsers
- Compiler optimization
- Interpreters
- Linkers
- Loaders
Communication
- E-mail
- Instant messengers
- VOIP
- Calendars— scheduling and coordinating
- Contact managers
Computer graphics
- Animation
- Special effectsfor video and film
- Editing
- Post-processing
Cryptography
Databases,support almost every field
Embedded systemsBoth software engineers and traditional engineers write software control systems for embedded products.
- Automotive software
- Avionics software
- Heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) software
- Medical device software
- Telephony
- Telemetry
EngineeringAll traditional engineering branches use software extensively. Engineers use spreadsheets, more than they ever used calculators. Engineers use custom softwaretoolsto design, analyze, and simulate their own projects, like bridges and power lines. These projects resemble software in many respects, because the work exists aselectronic documentsand goes through analysis,design,implementation,and testing phases. Software tools for engineers use the tenets of computer science; as well as the tenets of calculus, physics, and chemistry.
- Computer Aided Design (CAD)
- Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
- Numerical Analysis
- Simulation
File
- FTP
- File sharing
- File synchronization
Finance
- Bond market
- Futures market
- Stock market
Games
- Poker
- Multiuser Dungeons
- Video games
Information systems,support almost every field
- LISManagement of laboratory data
- MISManagement of financial and personnel data
Logistics
- Supply chain management
Manufacturing
- Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
- Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
Music
- Music sequencers
- Sound effects
- Music synthesis
Network Management
- Network management system
- Element Management System
- Operations Support System
- Business Support Systems
NetworksandInternet
- Domain Name System
- Protocols
- Routers
Office suites
- Word processors
- Spreadsheets
- Presentations
Operating systems
- Embedded
- Graphical
- Multitasking
- Real-time
Robotics
Signal processing,encoding and interpreting signals
- Image processing,encoding and interpreting visual information
- Speech processing
- Text recognition
- Handwriting recognition
Simulation,supports almost every field.
- Engineering,A softwaresimulationcan be cheaper to build and more flexible to change than a physicalengineering model.
- Sciences
Sciences
- Genomics
Traffic Control
- Air traffic control
- Ship traffic control
- Road traffic control
Training
- Drill
- Simulation
- Testing
Visualization,supports almost every field
- Architecture
- Engineering
- Sciences
Voting
World Wide Web
- Browsers
- Servers

Software engineering topics

Programming languages
Ada	APL	B
COBOL	Pascal	C	C++
C#	Clojure	Common Lisp	D
ColdFusion	Delphi	Dylan	Eiffel
Erlang	Fortran	F#	Groovy
Java	Lasso	ML	OCaml
Perl	PHP	PL/SQL	Prolog
Go	Rust	Swift	JavaScript
Haskell	Python	Ruby	Scala
Scheme	Smalltalk	Tcl	T-SQL
Verilog	VHDL	Visual Basic	Visual Basic.NET
Assembly language• • •Scripting language• • •List of programming languages

Programming paradigm, based on a programming language technology

Databases

Graphical user interfaces

Patterns, document many common programming and project management techniques

Processes and methodologies

Agile
Heavyweight
- Cleanroom
- ISO/IEC 12207— software life cycle processes
- ISO 9000andISO 9001
Process Models
- CMMandCMMI/SCAMPI
- ISO 15504(SPICE)
Metamodels
- ISO/IEC 24744
- SPEM

Platforms

A platform combines computer hardware and an operating system. As platforms grow more powerful and less costly, applications and tools grow more widely available.

Other Practices

Other tools

Computer science topics

Skilled software engineers know a lot ofcomputer scienceincluding what is possible and impossible, and what is easy and hard for software.

Algorithms,well-defined methods for solving specific problems.
Compiler theory
- Yacc/Bison
Data structures,well-defined methods for storing and retrieving data.
- Lists
- Trees
- Hash tables
Computability,some problems cannot be solved at all
- List of unsolved problems in computer science
- Halting problem
Complexity,some problems are solvable in principle, yet unsolvable in practice
- NP completeness
- Computational complexity theory
Formal methods
- Proof of correctness
- Program synthesis
Adaptive Systems
- Neural Networks
- Evolutionary Algorithms

Mathematics topics

Discrete mathematicsis a key foundation ofsoftwareengineering.

Other

Life cycle phases

Developmentlife cycle phase
- Requirements gathering / analysis
- Software architecture
- Computer programming
- Testing,detectsbugs
  - Black box testing
  - White box testing
- Quality assurance,ensures compliance with process.
ProductLife cycle phase andProject lifecycle
- Inception
- First development
- Major release
- Minor release
- Bug fix release
- Maintenance
- Obsolescence
Releasedevelopment stage,near the end of a release cycle
- Alpha
- Beta
- Gold master
- 1.0;2.0
Software development lifecycle

Deliverables

Deliverables must be developed for many SE projects. Software engineers rarely make all of these deliverables themselves. They usually cooperate with the writers, trainers, installers, marketers, technical support people, and others who make many of these deliverables.

Application software — the software
Database— schemas and data.
Documentation,online and/or print,FAQ,Readme,release notes,Help,for each role
- User
- Administrator
- Manager
- Buyer
Administration andMaintenancepolicy, what should be backed-up, checked, configured,...
Installers
Migration
- Upgrade from previous installations
- Upgrade from competitor's installations
Trainingmaterials, for each role
- User
- Administrator
- Manager
- Buyer
Supportinfo for computer support groups.
Marketingandsalesmaterials
- White papers,explain the technologies used in the applications

Business roles

Operations
- Users
- Administrators
- Managers
- Buyers
Development
- Analysts
- Programmers
- Testers
- Managers
Business
- Consulting— customization and installation of applications
- Sales
- Marketing
- Legal— contracts, intellectual property rights
- PrivacyandPrivacy engineering
- Support— helping customers use applications
- Personnel— hiring and training qualified personnel
- Finance— funding new development
Academe
- Educators
- Researchers