This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(December 2020) |
Pattani(Thai:ปัตตานี,pronounced[pàt.tāː.nīː];Pattani Malay:ڤطاني,'ตานิง,Taning,pronounced[ˈtːaniŋ];Malay:Patani) is one of the southern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from southeast clockwise)Narathiwat,Yala,andSongkhla.Its capital is the town ofPattani.
Pattani
ปัตตานี | |
|---|---|
| Other transcription(s) | |
| •Jawi | ڤطاني(Jawi) |
| •Malay | Patani(Rumi) |
| •Chinese | Bắc đại niên(Simplified) |
From left top: Pattani Grand Mosque, Wat Chang Hai, Leng Chu Kiang Shrine | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Motto(s): เมืองงามสามวัฒนธรรม ศูนย์ฮาลาลเลิศล้ำ ชนน้อมนำศรัทธา ถิ่นธรรมชาติงามตา ปัตตานีสันติสุขแดนใต้ ( "Beautiful tricultural city. Excellent Halal center. People of faith. Place of beautiful nature. Pattani, the peaceful land of the South." ) | |
 Map of Thailand highlighting Pattani province | |
| Country | Thailand |
| Capital | Pattani |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Pateemoh Sadeeyamu (since 2022) |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,977 km2(763 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 68th |
| Population (2024)[2] | |
• Total |  740,904 |
| • Rank | 33rd |
| • Density | 375/km2(970/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 9th |
| Human Achievement Index | |
| • HAI (2022) | 0.6149 "low" Ranked 70th |
| GDP | |
| • Total | baht56 billion (US$1.6 billion) (2019) |
| Time zone | UTC+7(ICT) |
| Postal code | 94xxx |
| Calling code | 073 |
| ISO 3166 code | TH-94 |
| Website | pattani |
Geography
editPattani is on theMalay Peninsula,with the coast of theGulf of Thailandto the north. The south is dominated by theSankalakhiri mountain range,which includes Budo-Su-ngai Padi National Park, on the border withYalaandNarathiwat.The total forest area is 110 km2(42 sq mi) or 5.6 percent of provincial area.[1]
National parks
editThere are two national parks, along with three other national parks, make upregion 6 (Pattani branch)of Thailand's protected areas.
- Budo–Su-ngai Padi National Park,341 km2(132 sq mi)[5]: 96
- Namtok Sai Khao National Park,70 km2(27 sq mi)[5]: 110
Toponymy
editThe namePattaniis theThaiadaptation of the Malay namePatani(Jawi:ڤتاني), which can mean "this beach" inPatani Malaylanguage. (In standard Malay, this would bepantai ini.) According to legend, the founder of Patani went hunting and saw an albinomouse-deerthe size of a goat, which then disappeared. He enquired where the animal had gone, and his men replied: "Pata ni lah!" ( "this beach!" ) They searched for the mouse-deer but found instead an old man, who said his name was Che' Tani. The raja later ordered a town be built on the site where the mouse-deer had disappeared, and it is therefore believed that the town was named either after the beach or the old man.[6]Another suggestion is that it derives from aSanskritwordpathini,meaning "virgin nymph";Pathiniwas the name of a daughter ofMerong Mahawangsa,founder of the precedingLangkasuka Empire.[7]
History
editHistorically, Pattani province was the centre of theMalaySultanate of Patani Darul Makrif.For centuries a tributary state of Siam, Patani has been governed by Siam since its conquest in 1786. The provinces of Patani were turned into seven smaller provinces: Patani, Nong Chik, Raman, Ra-ngae, Saiburi, Yala and Yaring, later regrouped in 1906 into 4 larger provinces: Patani,Bangnara,Saiburi andYala.[8]Siamese rule was officially acknowledged by theBurney Treatyof 1826 negotiated with theBritish Empirewhich included also Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu. Unlike these four sultanates, Patani was not included in theAnglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909and remained under Siamese rule. Both Yala (Jala) and Narathiwat (Menara) were originally part of Patani, but were made provinces in their own right during the territorial administrative reform and the creation of a united centralized Siam state in the early-20th century.[citation needed]
Demographics
editPattani is one of the four provinces of Thailand where the majority of the population are Muslim, the others beingYala,Narathiwat,andSatun.In the 2014 census, the Muslim population made up roughly 88 percent of the population. This is mainly due to thepeople of Malay ancestry,and large portion ofPattani Malayspeakers (though most speak Thai as well).
Symbols
editTheseal of the provinceshows the cannon calledPhraya Tani,known asSri Pattaniin Malay, which was cast in Pattani province. It was brought to Bangkok in 1785, and is now on display in front of theMinistry of Defencein Bangkok.[citation needed]
The provincial flower is the Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), and theprovincial treeis theIronwood(Hopea odorata).[citation needed]The provincial aquatic life is thesnakeskin gourami(Trichopodus pectoralis).
Administrative divisions
editProvincial government
editPattani is divided into 12 districts (amphoe), which are further divided into 115 subdistricts (tambon) and 629 villages (muban).[citation needed] The districts ofChana(Malay:Chenok),Thepha(Malay:Tiba) andSaba Yoi(Malay:Sebayu) were detached from Pattani and transferred toSongkhlain 1796 by Siam government.[citation needed]
| No. | Name | Thai | Jawi | Malay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mueang Pattani | เมืองปัตตานี | فطاني | Patani/Fathoni |
| 2 | Khok Pho | โคกโพธิ์ | خوكفور | Khuppur |
| 3 | Nong Chik | หนองจิก | نوڠجيك | Nongjik |
| 4 | Panare | ปะนาเระ | فناريق | Penarik |
| 5 | Mayo | มายอ | مايور | Mayu |
| 6 | Thung Yang Daeng | ทุ่งยางแดง | طوڠيڠديڠ | Thungyangdeng |
| 7 | Sai Buri | สายบุรี | سليندوڠ بايو ، تلوبن | Selindung Bayu, Teluban |
| 8 | Mai Kaen | ไม้แก่น | مايكين | Maikaen |
| 9 | Yaring | ยะหริ่ง | جمبو | Jambu |
| 10 | Yarang | ยะรัง | ياليمو | Yalimo |
| 11 | Kapho | กะพ้อ | كأفور | Kapor |
| 12 | Mae Lan | แม่ลาน | ميلان | Melan |
Local government
edit
As of 26 November 2019 there are:[10]one Pattani Provincial Administration Organisation (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 17 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Pattani and Taluban have town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 15 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 96 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).
Economy
editSix of Pattani's districts lie on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand. The number of fisheries workers in Pattani exceeds 80,000 as of 2019[update].[11]Pattani is the only province in Thailand where theagriculture ministryprohibits trawlers and destructivefishing netswithin fournautical milesof the shoreline. Local fish stocks have rebounded as a result.[11]
Despite having many interesting places, Pattani is the least visited province in the country. According to data fromMinistry of Tourism and Sportsin 2018, the total number of tourists who visited the province was only 20,000–30,000, and consisted of mostly Thai people.[12]
Transportation
editRoads
editHighway 42is main highway in Pattani, which is tourist attractions are nearby and connecting several districts.
Highway 43is secondary main highway that bypassing Mueang Pattani for saving times and fuels.
AlsoAH18is part of Highway 42 and Highway 43.
Highway 410is main highway inYala Province,connecting toMueang YalaandBetong.
Highway 409andHighway 418are secondary main highway onYala Province.
Air
editThe Royal Thai Air Force'sPattani Airportis used for counter-insurgency operations in the area. It does not run public flights, Pattani's nearly public airport isNarathiwat Airport
Bus
editPattani's main bus stop is Pattani Bus Terminal, Including Pattani-Yala Transit.
Railway
editPattani's main railway stop isKhok Pho Railway Station.
Human achievement index 2022
edit| Health | Education | Employment | Income |
|
|
|
|
| 15 | 77 | 33 | 76 |
| Housing | Family | Transport | Participation |
|
 |
|
|
| 45 | 11 | 7 | 40 |
| Province Pattani, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6149 is "low", occupies place 70 in the ranking. | |||
Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using theHuman achievement index(HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.[3]
| Rank | Classification |
| 1 - 13 | "high" |
| 14 - 29 | "somewhat high" |
| 30 - 45 | "average" |
| 46 - 61 | "somewhat low" |
| 62 - 77 | "low" |
| Map with provinces and HAI 2022 rankings |
|
Military rule
editAs of 2018[update],the provisions of Thailand's Internal Security Act remain imposed on Mae Lan District. Internal security restrictions, maintained by Thailand'sInternal Security Operations Commandcan result in curfews, prohibited entry, or prohibited transport of goods. It is considered one step below the imposition of fullmartial law.[13]
Places of interest
edit
Pattani has named as the land of three religions (Buddhism, Islam,Chinese religion).[14]There are importantplaces of worshipfor all three religions:
- Wat Rat Burana (Thai:วัดราษฎร์บูรณะ), also widely known as Wat Chang Hai (Thai:วัดช้างให้), an ancientThai Buddhist templeolder than 300 years, the legendary monkLuang Pu Thuatwas once the abbot.
- Leng Chu Kiang Shrine (Thai:ศาลเจ้าเล่งจูเกียง) Chinese shrine ofLim Ko Niao(younger sister ofLin Daoqian).
- Krue Se Mosque(Thai:มัสยิดกรือเซะ) Regarded as one of the more famous mosques with the oldest history.[14]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ab"Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019".Royal Forest Department.Retrieved6 April2021.
- ^"Official statistics registration systems".Department of Provincial Administration (DOPA).Retrieved10 February2025,year 2024 >provincial level >Excel File >no.94
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ab"ข้อมูลสถิติดัชนีความก้าวหน้าของคน ปี 2565 (PDF)"[Human Achievement Index Databook year 2022 (PDF)]. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) (in Thai).Retrieved12 March2024,page 45
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^"Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition".<>.Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). July 2019.ISSN1686-0799.Retrieved22 January2020.
- ^ab "ข้อมูลพื้นที่อุทยานแห่งชาติ ที่ประกาศในราชกิจจานุบกษา 133 แห่ง"[National Park Area Information published in the 133 Government Gazettes]. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). December 2020.Retrieved1 November2022.
- ^Wyatt, David K. (December 1967). "A Thai Version of Newbold's" Hikayat Patani "".Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.40(2 (212)):16–37.JSTOR41491922.
- ^"{ms} Sejarah Malaysia - Asal Usul nama Sungai Petani".Sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my. Archived fromthe originalon 2013-06-03.Retrieved2012-08-24.
- ^"A Brief Introduction to the Malay Kingdom of Patani".Islamic Human Rights Commission.21 December 2004.
- ^Pattani: Selamat Datang Ke Pattani(PDF).Songkhla: IQ Media. 2018. p. 16.
- ^"Number of local government organizations by province".dla.go.th.Department of Local Administration (DLA). 26 November 2019.Retrieved10 December2019.
31 Pattani: 1 PAO, 2 Town mun., 15 Subdistrict mun., 96 SAO.
- ^abKongrut, Anchalee (2 September 2019)."From Pattani seas to Bangkok plates".Bangkok Post.Retrieved7 September2019.
- ^Laohavichai, Nakan (2019-01-11)."เมืองที่ไม่มีใครแล"[Town that nobody cares].Posttoday(in Thai).Retrieved2020-01-01.
- ^Raksaseri, Kornchanok (8 January 2018)."Isoc power boost 'not political'".Bangkok Post.Retrieved8 January2018.
- ^ab"สุขสุดใจ 'ปัตตานี' สัมผัสของดีในแดนใต้"[Happiness "Pattani" experience the good things in the southern land].Manager Online(in Thai). 2016-03-07.Retrieved2019-01-15.
External links
edit
Pattanitravel guide from Wikivoyage- Pattani province website(Thai)
- Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT): Pattani
- Pattani EruptsArchivedFebruary 13, 2009, at theWayback Machine
- Thailand Islamic Insurgency
- Muslim rebels light fuse in Thailand
