Aperiodical literature(also called aperiodical publicationor simply aperiodical) is apublished workthat appears in a new edition on a regular schedule. The most familiar example is anewspaper,but amagazineor ajournalare also examples of periodicals. These publications cover a wide variety of topics, from academic, technical, trade, and general interest toleisureandentertainment.
Articleswithin a periodical are usually organized around a single main subject or theme and include a title, date of publication, author(s), and brief summary of the article. A periodical typically contains an editorial section that comments on subjects of interest to its readers. Other common features are reviews of recently published books and films, columns that express the author's opinions about various topics, and advertisements.
A periodical is a serial publication. Abook seriesis also a serial publication, but is not typically called a periodical. Anencyclopediaordictionaryis also a book, and might be called a serial publication if it is published in many different editions over time.
Volumes and issues
editPeriodicals are typically published and referenced byvolumeand issue (also known as issue number or number).Volumetypically refers to the number of years the publication has been circulated, andissuerefers to how many times that periodical has been published during that year. For example, the April 2011 publication of a monthly magazine first published in 2002 would be listed as, "volume 10, issue 4".Roman numeralsare sometimes used in reference to the volume number.[1]
Whencitinga work in a periodical, there are standardized formats such asThe Chicago Manual of Style.In the latest edition of this style, a work with volume number 17 and issue number 3 may be written as follows:
- James M. Heilman, and Andrew G. West. "Wikipedia and Medicine: Quantifying Readership, Editors, and the Significance of Natural Language."Journal of Medical Internet Research17, no. 3 (2015).doi:10.2196/jmir.4069.
Sometimes, periodicals are numbered in absolute numbers instead of volume-relative numbers, typically since the start of the publication. In rare cases, periodicals even provide both: a relative issue number and an absolute number.[2]There is no universal standard for indicating absolute numbers, but often a '#' is used.
The first issue of a periodical is sometimes also called a premiere issue or charter issue.[3]The first issue may be preceded by dummy or zero issues. A last issue is sometimes called the final issue.[4]Incomic books,a first issue will often include afirst appearanceby a new character, although a first appearance can happen in other issues as well.
Frequency
editPeriodicals are often characterized by theirperiod(orfrequency) of publication.[5][6]This information often helps librarians make decisions about whether or not to include certain periodicals in their collection.[7]It also helps scholars decide which journal to submit their paper to.[8]
| Period | Meaning | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Quinquennially | Once per 5years | 1⁄5per year |
| Quadriennially | Once per 4 years | 1⁄4per year |
| Triennially | Once per 3 years | 1⁄3per year |
| Biennially | Once per 2 years | 1⁄2per year |
| Annually | Once per year | 1 per year |
| Semiannually, Biannually | Twice per year | 2 per year |
| Triannually | Thrice per year | 3 per year |
| Quarterly | Everyquarter | 4 per year |
| Bimonthly | Every 2months | 6 per year |
| Semi-quarterly | Twice per quarter | 8 per year |
| Monthly | Every month | 12 per year |
| Semi-monthly | Twice per month | 24 per year |
| Biweekly, Fortnightly | Every twoweeks | 26 per year |
| Weekly | Every week | 52 per year |
| Semi-weekly | Twice per week | 104 per year |
| Daily | Once perbusiness day | Varies |
Popular and scholarly
edit
Periodicals are often classified as either popular or scholarly. Popular periodicals are usually magazines (e.g.,EbonyandEsquire).Scholarly journalsare most commonly found in libraries and databases. Examples areThe Journal of Psychologyand theJournal of Social Work.
Trade magazinesare also examples of periodicals. They are written for an audience of professionals in the world. As of the early 1990s, there were over 6,000 academic, business, scientific, technical, and trade publications in the United States alone.[10]
Indefinite vs. part-publication
editThese examples are related to the idea of an indefinitely continuing cycle of production and publication: magazines plan to continue publishing, not to stop after a predetermined number of editions. By contrast, a novel might be published in monthly parts, a method revived after the success ofThe Pickwick PapersbyCharles Dickens.[11]This approach is calledpart-publication,particularly when each part is from a whole work, or aserial,for example incomic books.It flourished during the nineteenth century, for example withAbraham John Valpy'sDelphin Classics,and was not restricted tofiction.[12]
Standard numbers
editTheInternational Standard Serial Number(ISSN) is to serial publications (and by extension, periodicals) what theInternational Standard Book Number(ISBN) is to books: a standardized reference number.
Distribution
editPostal services often carry periodicals at a preferential rate; for example, Second Class Mail in the United States only applies to publications issued at least quarterly.[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^"Periodical".ODLIS — Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science.ABC-Clio.Retrieved2012-08-06.
- ^"Front matter".Dr. Dobb's Journal of Computer Calisthenics & Orthodontia.Vol. 3, no. 2.People's Computer Company.February 1978.ISBN0-8104-5490-4.#22.Retrieved2020-02-10.[1][2]
- ^"PC: The Independent Guide To IBM Computers".PC.Vol. 1, no. 1.Software Communications, Inc.February–March 1982. pp. front matter, 9. Premiere/Charter issue.Retrieved2020-02-10.[3][4]
- ^Thompson, David J., ed. (May 1990)."Micro Cornucopia - The Micro Technical Journal"(PDF).Micro Cornucopia.Around the bend. No. 53. Bend, Oregon, US:Micro Cornucopia Inc.pp. front matter.ISSN0747-587X.Retrieved2020-02-11.[5][6][7]
- ^"Frequency of Publication codes".www.libraries.rutgers.edu.
- ^"Frequencies".www.oclc.org.
- ^Dickinson, Kelly; Boyd, Bryanna; Gunningham, Regan (29 November 2010)."Reference Analysis as an Aid in Collection Development: A Study of Master of Architecture Theses at Dalhousie University".Dalhousie Journal of Interdisciplinary Management.5(1).doi:10.5931/djim.v5i1.48.
- ^"Where to submit your manuscript".How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper(7th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 7 June 2012. p. 33.ISBN9781107670747.
- ^"Cover of Science in School 32".Retrieved13 July2015.
- ^Blake, Gary&Bly, Robert W.(1993).The Elements of Technical Writing.New York:Macmillan Publishers.p. 113.ISBN0020130856.
- ^"The Novel".Aspects of the Victorian Book– via The British Library.
- ^Eliot, Simon & Rose, Jonathan (2007).A Companion to the History of the Book.p.297.ISBN9781405127653.[full citation needed]
- ^"Second Class Mail".Barron's Business Dictionary– via Answers.com.
External links
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