Theperiosteumis amembranethat covers the outer surface of allbones,[1]except at the articular surfaces (i.e. the parts within a joint space) oflong bones.(At the joints of long bones the bone's outer surface is lined with "articular cartilage", a type ofhyaline cartilage.)Endosteumlines the inner surface of themedullary cavityof alllong bones.[2]
| Periosteum | |
|---|---|
 The periosteum covers the outside of bones. | |
 | |
| Details | |
| Location | Outer surface of allbones |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | periosteum |
| MeSH | D010521 |
| TA98 | A02.0.00.007 |
| TA2 | 384 |
| TH | H2.00.03.7.00018 |
| FMA | 24041 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Structure
edit
The periosteum consists of an outer fibrous layer, and an innercambium layer(or osteogenic layer). The fibrous layer is ofdense irregular connective tissue,containingfibroblasts,while the cambium layer is highly cellular containingprogenitor cellsthat develop intoosteoblasts.[3]These osteoblasts are responsible for increasing the width of along bone(the length of a long bone is controlled by theepiphyseal plate) and the overall size of the other bone types. After abone fracture,the progenitor cells develop into osteoblasts andchondroblasts,which are essential to thehealing process.The outer fibrous layer and the inner cambium layer are differentiated under electron micrography.[4]
As opposed toosseous tissue,the periosteum hasnociceptors,sensory neuronsthat make it very sensitive to manipulation. It also provides nourishment by providing the blood supply to the body from the marrow.[5]The periosteum is attached to the bone by strongcollagen fibrescalled "Sharpey's fibres",which extend to the outer circumferential and interstitiallamellae.It also provides an attachment for muscles and tendons.
The periosteum that covers the outer surface of the bones of theskullis known as thepericranium,except when in reference to the layers of the scalp.
Etymology
editThe word periosteum is derived from the Greekperi-,meaning "surrounding", and-osteon,meaning "bone". Theperirefers to the fact that the periosteum is the outermost layer of long bones, surrounding other inner layers.[6]
Additional images
edit-
Diagrammatic section of head.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Netter, Frank H; Crelin, Edmund S; Kaplan, Frederick S; Woodburne, Russell T; Regina, V.; Mankin, Henry J. (1987).Musculoskeletal System: A Compilation of Paintings of Anatomy, Physiology, and Metabolic Disorders, Part 1.Summit, New Jersey (NJ):CIBA-GEIGY Corporation.p. 170.ISBN978-0-914168-14-0.OCLC16943074.
- ^"Definition of PERIOSTEUM".www.merriam-webster.com.Retrieved2022-02-03.
- ^Dwek, JR (April 2010)."The periosteum: what is it, where is it, and what mimics it in its absence?".Skeletal Radiology.39(4): 319–23.doi:10.1007/s00256-009-0849-9.PMC2826636.PMID20049593.
- ^Nahian, Ahmed; Chauhan, Pradip R. (2021),"Histology, Periosteum And Endosteum",StatPearls,Treasure Island, Florida (FL):StatPearls Publishing,PMID32491516,retrieved2021-12-31
- ^Modric, Jan (9 December 2013)."Periosteum Definition, Location, Anatomy, Histology and Function - eHealthStar".Retrieved2022-02-03.
- ^"peri- | Meaning of prefix peri- by etymonline".www.etymonline.com.Retrieved2022-02-03.
Further reading
edit- Brighton, Carl T.; Hunt, Robert M. (1997). "Early histologic and ultrastructural changes in microvessels of periosteal callus".Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma.11(4): 244–253.doi:10.1097/00005131-199705000-00002.PMID9258821.
External links
edit- "Periosteum".Innerbody.Retrieved2022-02-03.