Wikipedia

Peter Hujar

Peter Hujar(/ˈhuːdʒɑːr/;[1]October 11, 1934 – November 26, 1987) was an American photographer best known for his black-and-white portraits.[2][3][4][5]Hujar's work received only marginal public recognition during his lifetime,[5]but he has since been recognized as a major American photographer of the 1970s and 80s.[2][3]

Peter Hujar
Self-Portrait Standing(1980), book cover forLove & Lust
BornOctober 11, 1934
Trenton, New Jersey,U.S.
DiedNovember 26, 1987(1987-11-26)(aged 53)
New York City, U.S.
Resting placeGate of Heaven Cemetery
Known forBlack & white portrait photography
Websitepeterhujararchive.com

Early life

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Hujar was born on October 11, 1934, in Trenton, New Jersey, to Rose Murphy, a waitress, who was abandoned by her husband during her pregnancy. He was raised by hisUkrainiangrandparents on their farm, where he spoke onlyUkrainianuntil he started school. He remained on the farm until his grandmother's death in 1946, and his mother took him toNew York Cityto live with her and her second husband in their one-room apartment.[6][7]The household was abusive, and in 1950, when Hujar was 16, he left home and began to live independently.[7]

Education

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Hujar received his first camera in 1947[8]and in 1953 entered theSchool of Industrial Artwhere he expressed interest in being a photographer. He encountered an encouraging teacher, the poet Daisy Aldan (1923–2001), and following her advice he became a commercial photography apprentice.Ref?Apart from classes in photography during high school, Hujar's photographic education and technical mastery was acquired in commercial photo studios, where he could use the darkroom during afterhours. By 1957, when he was age 23 he was making photographs now considered to be of museum quality. Early in 1967, he was one of a select group of young photographers in a master class taught byRichard AvedonandMarvin Israel,where he metAlexey BrodovitchandDiane Arbus.[7]

Artistic career

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In 1958, Hujar accompanied the artistJoseph Raffaelon aFulbrightto Italy. In 1963, he secured his own Fulbright and returned to Italy withPaul Thek,whom he had been dating since 1959,[9]where they explored and photographed theCapuchin Catacombs of Palermo,images of the dead later featured inPortraits in Life and Death.

In 1964, Hujar returned to America and became a chief assistant in the studio of the commercial photographer Harold Krieger. Around this time, he metAndy Warhol,posed for four of Warhol's three-minuteScreen Testsand was included in the compilation filmThe Thirteen Most Beautiful Boysthat was assembled fromScreen Tests.

Hujar quit his job incommercial photographyin 1967, and at great financial sacrifice, began to pursue primarily his own art work that reflected his homosexual milieu. He was an influential artist-activist of thegay liberationmovement; in 1969, with his lover, the political activistJim Fouratt,he witnessed theStonewall riotsin theWest Village.At the urging of Fouratt, he documented the first gay liberation march (June 28, 1970), and took the now somewhat ironic photo "Come out!!" for theGay Liberation Front..[10]After their break-up at the end of the year he had to move into his studio (on 10 East 23rd St) until mid 1972 and in spring 1973 could finally move into a loft above TheEden Theaterat 189 2nd Avenue in theEast Village.Formerly occupied byJackie Curtis,Hujar transformed the space in such a way, so he could live and work there for the rest of his life.

Portraits in Life and Death

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At the end of 1974 he had an exhibition at the Foto Gallery on 492 Broome St, alongside pictures byChristopher Makos,where he didn't sell any of his work, but according to a friend gained a book contract withDa Capo Press.The following months he took many portraits to include them in the book. Beside his friends likeSusan Sontag,Fran Lebowitz,andVince Aletti,he portrayed artists likeJohn Waters,drag queenactorDivineand writerWilliam Burroughs.In the final book published in 1976, the portraits were juxtaposed by a selection of the pictures he took of the corpses in the Catacombs of Palermo in 1963. Susan Sontag (in a hospital at the time) wrote an introduction for the sequence of 41 images ofPortraits in Life and Death.The book got a tepid reception, and only later became a classic in American photography (It was reissued in 2024).

The 1980s

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In early 1981, Hujar met the young artistDavid Wojnarowicz,and after a brief period as Hujar's lover, Wojnarowicz became a protégé linked to Hujar for the remainder of the photographer's life. Hujar remained instrumental in all phases of Wojnarowicz's emergence as an important young artist.[11]

Another artist closely linked with Hujar isRobert Mapplethorpe.Both artists were gay white men who excelled at portrait photography and who made unashamedly homoerotic work that walked the line between pornography and fine art, but they were structural opposites. If Mapplethorpe reduced his subjects to abstract forms, his sitter's faces to masks, his nude models to sculptures, then Hujar emphasized his sitters' idiosyncrasies, their irreducible qualities, their human sentience over their fleshy geometry.[12]"Orgasmic Man", one of Hujar's more memorable works, is also a key difference between his work and Mapplethorpe's; never once, in all of Mapplethorpe's editioned photographs, did he show orgasm or ejaculation nor did he depict the concomitant facial expressions.

Hujar had a wide array of subjects in his photography, including cityscapes and urban still lifes, animals, nudes, abandoned buildings, and European ruins. His photography, which was mostly in black and white, has been described as conveying an intimacy, suggestive of both love and loss.[13]One aspect of this intimate quality was Hujar's ability to connect with his sitters. One of his models was quoted after an unsuccessful session as saying:

"We couldn't ‘reveal.’ As an actor you have to reveal. And Hujar's big thing was that you had to reveal. I know that now, but I didn't know it at the time. In other words, blistering, blazing honesty directed towards the lens. No pissing about. No posing. No putting anything on. No camping around. Just flat, real who-you-are...You must strip down all the nonsense until you get to the bone. That's what Peter wanted and that was his great, great talent and skill."[10]

Hujar's portraits, the subject of the first half of the one book he published while he was alive, are simple; he almost never used props and the focus of his work was on the sitter as opposed to the backdrop of the shot. Usually, his subjects either were sitting or posing in a recumbent way.[14]

Death and legacy

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In January 1987, Hujar was diagnosed withAIDS.He died 10 months later, aged 53, on November 25 atCabrini Medical Centerin New York.[15]His funeral was held atChurch of St. Joseph in Greenwich Village,and he was buried atGate of Heaven Cemeteryin Valhalla, New York.[16]

Hujar willed his estate to his lifelong friendStephen Koch,who administers it since (today as Peter Hujar Archive).[3]A first retrospective of Hujar's work in collaboration with the estate was shown two years after his death at theGrey Art Gallery & Study Centerof New York University. It was followed by a more comprehensive show in 1994 by a joined effort of theStedelijk Museum Amsterdam(Netherlands) and theFotomuseum Winterthurin Switzerland. In 2013 theMorgan Library & Museumin New York acquired a hundred prints and the entirety of his written estate and all contact sheets from the Peter Hujar Archive. A collaboration between the Morgan Library and the SpanishMapfreFoundation enabled a major travelling retrospective exhibition that was accompanied by a comprehensive monograph published in conjunction withAperturein 2017.

Publications

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  • Peter Hujar.Portraits in Life and Death.New York: Da Capo, 1976,ISBN0-306-70755-1,ISBN0-306-80038-1.Introduction bySusan Sontag.[17]
  • Peter Weiermair (ed.).Peter Hujar.Innsbruck, Austria: Allerheiligenpresse, 1981. Contributions byJean-Christophe Ammannand Dieter Hall.
  • Peter Hujar.New York:Grey Art Gallery & Study Center,New York University, 1990,ISBN0-934349-07-X.Texts by Stephen Koch and Thomas Sokolowski, interviews byFran LebowitzandVince Aletti.
  • Urs Stahel, Hripsimé Visser (eds.).Peter Hujar: A Retrospective.Zurich, Switzerland: Scalo, 1994,ISBN1-881616-35-5.Foreword by Urs Stahel, texts by Hripsimé Visser,Max Kozloff,and Stephen Koch; mementos by Jean-Christophe Amann,Nan Goldin,Marvin Heiferman,John Heys, Fran Lebowitz a. o.
  • Klaus Kertess.Peter Hujar: Animals and Nudes.Santa Fe, New Mexico: Twin Palms, 2002,ISBN0-944092-95-0.
  • Peter Hujar: Lost Downtown.New York:Pace/MacGill Gallery;Göttingen:Steidl,2016,ISBN978-3-95829-106-5.Text by Vince Aletti.
  • Peter Hujar – Speed of Life.Madrid:Fundación Mapfre;New York:Aperture,2017,ISBN978-1-59711-414-1;original Spanish edition:A la velocidad de la vida,ISBN978-84-9844-608-1;paperback edition in French, 2019,ISBN978-2-915704-89-1.Contributions byPhilip Gefter,Joel Smith, Steve Turtell and Martha Scott Burton.
  • Moyra Davey,Peter Hujar – The Shabbiness of Beauty.London:Mack,2021,ISBN978-1-913620-20-2.[18]
  • Linda Rosencrantz.Peter Hujar's Day,Magic Hour, 2022,ISBN978-1-63944-267-6.Transcription of the chronicle of Hujar's December 19, 1974 as told by him and recorded by Rosencrantz. Introduction by Stephen Koch.
  • Steve Lawrence with Peter Hujar and Andrew Ullrick (eds.).Newspaper.Primary Information, 2023,ISBN978-1-7377979-4-4.Facsimile of all 14 issues from 1969 to 1971 in one book.
  • Peter Hujar: Rialto,Rodovid Press 2024,ISBN978-617-7482-65-8.
  • Gary Schneider.Peter Hujar Behind the Camera and in the Darkroom.BookCrave (Artbook D.A.P.), 2024,ISBN979-8-21837146-3.

Further reading

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Exhibitions

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This list follows the comprehensive compilation of the exhibitions of Hujar's work until 2017 provided by Joel Smith in the Mapfre/Aperture monographSpeed of Life.All solo exhibitions in his lifetime are named here, while most group shows were omitted.[20]

Posthumous exhibitions

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After his death several commercial galleries showed his work in (solo) exhibitions, like James Danziger (1991, 1992, 1998),Paula Cooper(1993, 2002), Wessel and O'Connor (1998), all situated in New York, Stephen Daiter in Chicago, Yezerski in Boston, and Berinson in Berlin (all three in 1999), Rodolphe Janssen in Brussels (1996), Renée Ziegler (1990) and Mai 36 (2002, 2010) in Zurich, andMaureen Paleyand Marietta Neuss in London (both 2008). Closely engaged with the Peter Hujar Archive since the 2000s and regularly arranging shows of Hujar's work areMatthew Marks(first in 2000) andPace/MacGill(since 2013) in New York, theFraenkel Galleryin San Francisco (since 2002), andMaureen Paleyin London (since 2008). Listed here are just the gallery shows which were accompanied by a catalogue, in addition to all solo shows in public institutions.[20]

Collections

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Hujar's work is held in the following collections (a. o.):
USA

UK and Europe

References

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  1. ^"Say How: H".National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled.RetrievedOctober 24,2023.
  2. ^abcCotter, Holland (February 8, 2018)."He Made Them Glow: A Maverick's Portraits Live On".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedDecember 15,2019.
  3. ^abcSchjeldahl, Peter (January 29, 2018)."The Bohemian Rhapsody of Peter Hujar".The New Yorker.ISSN0028-792X.RetrievedDecember 15,2019.
  4. ^Symonds, Alexandria (February 2, 2016)."The Most Exacting Photographer in Downtown '70s New York".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedDecember 15,2019.
  5. ^abBowcock, Simon (October 14, 2016)."Peter Hujar: The Photographer Who Defined Downtown New York".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.RetrievedDecember 15,2019.
  6. ^Smith, Joel (2017). "A Gorgeous Mental Discretion".Peter Hujar – Speed of Life.Madrid and New York: Fundación Mapfre and Aperture. p. 13f.ISBN978-1-59711-414-1.
  7. ^abcCarr, Cynthia (2012).Fire in the Belly: The Life and Times of David Wojnarowicz.New York: Bloomsbury. p. 181.ISBN978-1-59691-533-6.
  8. ^"Peter Hujar".Maureen Paley(press release). Archived fromthe originalon November 4, 2014.RetrievedNovember 4,2014.
  9. ^"Paul Thek".The Mayor Gallery.RetrievedOctober 14,2024.
  10. ^abAdams, Harrison (2021)."Peter Hujar: Shamelessness Without Shame".Criticism.63(4): 319.doi:10.13110/criticism.63.4.0319.ISSN0011-1589.S2CID245138589.
  11. ^Carr, Cynthia (2012).Fire in the Belly: The Life and Times of David Wojnarowicz.New York: Bloomsbury. p. 182.ISBN978-1-59691-533-6.
  12. ^Adams, Harrison.Photography in the First Person: Robert Mapplethorpe, Peter Hujar, Nan Goldin and Sally Mann(Dissertation). Yale University, 2018.
  13. ^Jones, Louis B. "His Queer Shoulder".The Threepenny Review,vol. 145, 2016, pp. 6–9. Accessed 15 May 2022.
  14. ^Hujar, Peter; Sontag, Susan (1976).Portraits in Life and Death.Da Capo Press.OCLC1074015771.
  15. ^"Peter Hujar Dies at 53; Made Photo Portraits".The New York Times.November 28, 1987.
  16. ^Carr, Cynthia (2012).Fire in the Belly: The Life and Times of David Wojnarowicz.New York: Bloomsbury. p. 379.ISBN978-1-59691-533-6.
  17. ^Portraits in Life and Deathdigitized at Archive.org, but not to be borrowed. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  18. ^Introductory text by Moyra Daveyon the website of Buchholz Gallery, and all works displayed, including some color photographs of Paul Thek by Hujar. Retrieved October 10, 2024.
  19. ^Salters Cottageson Gary Schneider's homepage with some filmstills from the book on the 1981 film starring Peter Hujar a. o.
  20. ^abJoel Smith with Martha Scott Burton (2017), "Exhibitions and Bibliography",Peter Hujar: Speed of Life,Madrid and New York: Fundación Mapfre and Aperture, pp. 239–241
  21. ^abAccording to a listing compiled by the Fraenkel Gallery and provided as aPdf.Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  22. ^Peter Hujar: Eine Anmut von Leben und Tod. Fotografien von 1963–1985.18. 2. – 23. 4. 1995at the museum's website. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  23. ^"Peter Hujar".The Museum of Modern Art.RetrievedMay 29,2021.
  24. ^Pitman, Joanna."Peter Hujar's Love for the Lonely".The Times.ISSN0140-0460.RetrievedMay 29,2021.
  25. ^"Peter Hujar".Institute of Contemporary Arts.RetrievedMay 29,2021.
  26. ^"Peter Hujar photography exhibition".Fundación MAPFRE.RetrievedMay 29,2021.
  27. ^"Peter Hujar".Fotomuseumdenhaag.nl.May 8, 2017.RetrievedMay 29,2021.
  28. ^"Peter Hujar: Speed of Life".bampfa.org.RetrievedMay 29,2021.
  29. ^"Peter Hujar: Speed of Life".Wexner Center for the Arts.RetrievedMay 29,2021.
  30. ^"Top 10 photography shows of 2019".The Guardian.December 16, 2019.RetrievedMay 29,2021.
  31. ^Manning, Emily (January 25, 2017)."Inside the First Major Retrospective of Peter Hujar's Evocative Portraits".i-D/Vice.RetrievedMay 29,2021.[dead link‍]
  32. ^Introductory text by Moyra Daveyon the Gallery's website, installation views and all works displayed, including some color photographs of Paul Thek by Hujar. Retrieved October 10, 2024.
  33. ^Silver, Hannah (May 25, 2024)."A Snapshot of the Bohemian Downtown: Peter Hujar's Early Photography on Show in New York".Wallpaper.com(Features).RetrievedSeptember 30,2024.
  34. ^"Peter Hujar: Portraits in Life and Death – Collateral Event of the 60th International Art Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia (Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Calle della Pietà, Castello 3703)"(PDF).Peter Hujar Archive(Press release).RetrievedOctober 9,2024.
  35. ^"Peter Hujar: Speed of Life".The Morgan Library & Museum.January 11, 2017.
  36. ^"Peter Hujar | MoMA".The Museum of Modern Art.
  37. ^"Peter Hujar".Whitney.org.
  38. ^"Peter Hujar".The Art Institute of Chicago.
  39. ^"CMOA Collection".Collection.cmoa.org.
  40. ^"Harvard Art Museums".Harvardartmuseums.org.
  41. ^"Peter Hujar (American, 1934 - 1987) (Getty Museum)".The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles.
  42. ^"Works – Peter Hujar – Artists/Makers – The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art".Art.nelson-atkins.org.
  43. ^"Candy Darling on Her Deathbed".SLAM.org.
  44. ^"Peter Hujar".SFMOMA.org.
  45. ^"Peter Hujar".Walkerart.org.
  46. ^"Untitled | Yale University Art Gallery".Artgallery.yale.edu.
  47. ^"Peter Hujar".Stedelijk.nl.
  48. ^"Peter Hujar 1934–1987".Tate.RetrievedMay 30,2021.
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