The Numismatics Portal
Numismaticsis the study or collection ofcurrency,including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects.
Specialists, known asnumismatists,are often characterized as students or collectors ofcoins,but the discipline also includes the broader study ofmoneyand other means ofpaymentused to resolvedebtsand exchangegoods.
The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulatingcurrency(e.g.,cigarettesorinstant noodlesin prison). As an example, theKyrgyz peopleusedhorsesas the principal currency unit, and gave small change inlambskins;the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not.[dubious–discuss]Many objects have been used for centuries, such ascowry shells,precious metals,cocoa beans,large stones,andgems.(Full article...)
Featured article -
This is afeatured article,which represents some of the best content on English Wikipedia..
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TheMcKinley Birthplace Memorial gold dollarwas acommemorative coinstruck by theUnited States Bureau of the Mintin 1916 and 1917, depicting the 25thPresident of the United States,William McKinley.The coin'sobversewas designed byCharles E. Barber,Chief Engraver of the Mint, and the reverse by his assistant,George T. Morgan.As McKinley had appeared on a version of the 1903-datedLouisiana Purchase Exposition dollar,the 1916 release made him the first person to appear on two issues of U.S. coins.
The coins were to be sold at a premium to finance theNational McKinley Birthplace MemorialatNiles, Ohio,and were vended by the group constructing it. The issue was originally proposed as a silver dollar; this was changed when it was realized it would not be appropriate to honor a president who had supported thegold standardwith such a piece. The coins were poorly promoted, and did not sell well. Despite an authorized mintage of 100,000, only about 30,000 were minted. Of these, 20,000 were sold, many of these at a reduced price to Texas coin dealerB. Max Mehl.The remaining 10,000 pieces were returned to the Mint for melting. (Full article...) -
A 1980Grant Woodone ounce gold medallion
American Arts Commemorative Series Medallionsare a series of ten gold bullion medallions that were produced by theUnited States Mintfrom 1980 to 1984. They were sold to compete with the South AfricanKrugerrandand other bullion coins.
The series was proposed by North CarolinaSenatorJesse Helmsafter theUnited States Department of the Treasurybegan selling portions of the national stockpile of gold. IowaRepresentativeJim Leachsuggested that the medallions depict notable American artists. PresidentJimmy Cartersigned the bill containing the authorizing legislation into law on November 10, 1978, despite objections from Treasury officials. (Full article...) -
TheLouisiana Purchase Exposition gold dollaris acommemorative coinissue dated 1903. Struck in two varieties, the coins were designed byUnited States Bureau of the MintChief EngraverCharles E. Barber.The pieces were issued to commemorate theLouisiana Purchase Expositionheld in 1904 in St. Louis; one variety depicted former presidentThomas Jefferson,and the other, therecently assassinatedpresidentWilliam McKinley.Although not thefirst American commemorative coins,they were the first in gold.
Promoters of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, originally scheduled to open in 1903, sought a commemorative coin for fundraising purposes. Congress authorized an issue in 1902, and exposition authorities, including numismatic promoterFarran Zerbe,sought to have the coin issued with two designs, to aid sales. The price for each variety was $3, the same cost whether sold as a coin, or mounted in jewelry or on a spoon. (Full article...) -
TheSacagawea dollar(also known as the "golden dollar") is a United Statesdollar coinintroduced in 2000, but subsequently minted only for niche circulation from 2002 onward. The coin generally failed to meet consumer and business demands. It is still generally accepted in circulation.
These coins have a copper core clad bymanganese brass,giving them a distinctive golden color. The coin features anobversebyGlenna Goodacre.From 2000 to 2008, the reverse featured an eagle design byThomas D. Rogers.Since 2009, the reverse of the Sacagawea dollar has been changed yearly, with each design in the series depicting a different aspect of Native American cultures. These coins are marketed as "Native American dollars".(Full article...) -
The United Statestrade dollarwas adollar coinminted by theUnited States Mintto compete with other large silvertrade coinsthat were already popular inEast Asia.The idea first came about in the 1860s, when the price of silver began to decline due to increasedmining in the western United States.A bill providing in part for the issuance of the trade dollar was eventually put beforeCongress,where it was approved, and signed into law as theCoinage Act of 1873.The act made trade dollarslegal tenderup to five dollars. A number of designs were considered for the trade dollar, and anobverse and reversecreated byWilliam Barberwere selected.
The first trade dollars were struck in 1873; the majority of these were sent to China. Eventually, bullion producers began converting large amounts of silver into trade dollars, causing the coins to make their way into American commercial channels. This caused frustration among those to whom they were given in payment, as the coins were largely maligned and traded for less than one dollar each. In response to their wide distribution in American commerce, the coins were officiallydemonetizedin 1876, but continued to circulate. The production ofbusiness strikesended in 1878, thoughproof coinsofficially continued to be minted until 1883. The trade dollar wasre-monetizedwhen theCoinage Act of 1965was signed into law. (Full article...) -
TheWalking Liberty half dollaris asilver50-cent piece orhalf dollarcointhat was issued by theUnited States Mintfrom 1916 to 1947; it was designed byAdolph A. Weinman,a well-known sculptor and engraver.
In 1915, the new Mint Director,Robert W. Woolley,came to believe that he was not only allowed but required by law to replace coin designs that had been in use for 25 years. He therefore began the process of replacing theBarber coinage:dimes,quarters,and half dollars, all bearing similar designs by long-time Mint EngraverCharles E. Barber,and first struck in 1892. Woolley had theCommission of Fine Artsconduct a competition, as a result of which Weinman was selected to designthe dimeand half dollar. (Full article...) -
TheVermont Sesquicentennial half dollar,sometimes called theBennington–Vermont half dollaror theBattle of Bennington Sesquicentennial half dollar,is acommemorativefifty-cent piecestruck by theUnited States Bureau of the Mintin 1927. The coin was designed byCharles Keck,and on itsobversedepicts earlyVermontleaderIra Allen,brother ofEthan Allen.
On January 9, 1925, Vermont SenatorFrank Greeneintroduced legislation for commemorative coins to mark the 150th anniversary of Vermont declaring itself fully independent in 1777 and of the American victory at theBattle of Benningtonthe same year. His bill passed the Senate without difficulty, but in the House of Representatives faced an array of problems. Treasury SecretaryAndrew W. Mellonsent a letter opposing the bill and dispatched three Treasury officials to testify against it, arguing that the public was being confused as special coin issues entered circulation. The committee's resolve to have no more commemorative coins—after this one—did not impress the full House, which added two more half dollars to the legislation to mark other anniversaries. The Senate agreed to the changes, and PresidentCalvin Coolidgesigned the authorizing act on February 24, 1925. (Full article...) -
TheNorfolk, Virginia, Bicentennial half dollaris ahalf dollarcommemorative coinstruck by theUnited States Bureau of the Mintin 1937, though it bears the date 1936. The coin commemorates the 200th anniversary ofNorfolkbeing designated as aroyal borough,and the 100th anniversary of it becoming acity.It was designed by spousesWilliam Marks Simpsonand Marjory Emory Simpson.
Virginia SenatorCarter Glasssought legislation for a Norfolk half dollar, but the bill was amended in committee to provide for commemorative medals instead. Unaware of the change, Glass and the bill's sponsor in the House of Representatives,Absalom W. Robertson,shepherded the legislation through Congress. Local authorities in Norfolk did not want medals, and sought an amendment, which passed Congress in June 1937. (Full article...) -
Benjamin Maximillian Mehl(November 5, 1884 – September 28, 1957), usually known asB. Max Mehl,was an American dealer in coins, selling them for over half a century. The most prominent dealer in the United States, through much of the first half of the 20th century, he is credited with helping to expand the appeal ofcoin collectingfrom a hobby for the wealthy to one enjoyed by many.
Mehl was born inCongress Poland,which was part of theRussian Empire.His family brought him to what is now Lithuania, and then to the United States, settling inFort Worth, Texas,where he lived for almost all of his adult life. While still a teenager, he began to sell coins, which he had previously collected. Joining theAmerican Numismatic Association(ANA) in 1903 at age 18, he quickly became a full-time coin dealer, and by 1910 was one of the most well-known in the country. (Full article...) -
TheHuguenot-Walloon half dollarorHuguenot-Walloon Tercentenary half dollaris acommemorative coinissued by theUnited States Bureau of the Mintin 1924. It marks the 300th anniversary of the voyage of theNieuw Nederlandtwhich landed in the New York area in 1624. Many of the passengers wereHuguenotsfrom France orWalloonsfrom what is now Belgium; they became early settlers of New York State and the surrounding area.
A commission run by theFederal Council of Churchesin America sought issuance of ahalf dollarto mark the anniversary, and the bill passed through Congress without opposition in 1923 and was signed by PresidentWarren G. Harding.Sketches were prepared by commission chairman Reverend John Baer Stoudt and converted to plaster models by the Mint's aging chief engraver,George T. Morgan.The models were initially rejected by theCommission of Fine Arts,which required revisions under the supervision ofBuffalo nickeldesignerJames Earle Fraser.(Full article...) -
TheStanding Liberty quarteris a25-cent cointhat was struck by theUnited States Mintfrom 1916 to 1930. It succeeded theBarber quarter,which had been minted since 1892. Featuring the goddess ofLibertyon one side and an eagle in flight on the other, the coin was designed by American sculptorHermon Atkins MacNeil.
In 1915, Director of the MintRobert W. Woolleybegan steps to replace the Barber dime, quarter, and half dollar, as he mistakenly believed that the law required new designs. MacNeil submitted a militaristic design that showed Liberty on guard against attacks. The Mint required modifications to the initial design, and MacNeil's revised version includeddolphinsto represent the oceans. In late 1916, Mint officials made major changes to the design without consulting MacNeil. The sculptor complained about the changes after receiving the new issue in January 1917. The Mint obtained special legislation to allow MacNeil to redesign the coin as he desired. One change made by the sculptor was the addition of achain mailvest that covered Liberty's formerly bare breast. (Full article...) -
TheMaryland Tercentenary half dollarwas a commemorative fifty-cent piece issued by theUnited States Bureau of the Mintin 1934. It depictsCecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimoreon theobverseand theCoat of Arms of Marylandon the reverse.
The Maryland Tercentenary Commission sought a coin in honor of the 300th anniversary of the arrival of English settlers in Maryland. The state's two senators introduced legislation for such a piece, and it passed both houses of Congress with no opposition. A design had already been prepared by ProfessorHans Schuler;it passed review by theCommission of Fine Arts,though there was controversy then and since over whether Lord Baltimore, aCavalierand Catholic, would have worn a collar typical ofPuritans.(Full article...) -
The Americantwenty-cent pieceis a coin struck from 1875 to 1878, but only for collectors in the final two years. Proposed by Nevada SenatorJohn P. Jones,it proved a failure due to confusion with thequarter,to which it was close in both size and value.
In 1874, the newly elected Jones began pressing for a twenty-cent piece, which he stated would alleviate the shortage of small change in theFar West.The bill passed Congress, and Mint DirectorHenry Lindermanorderedpattern coinsstruck. Linderman eventually decided on anobverse and reversesimilar to that of other silver coins. (Full article...) -
TheRhode Island Tercentenary half dollar(sometimes called theProvidence, Rhode Island, Tercentenary half dollar) is acommemorativefifty-cent piecestruck by theUnited States Bureau of the Mintin 1936. The coin was designed byJohn Howard Bensonand Arthur Graham Carey. Its obverse depictsRoger Williams,founder of theColony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.It was intended to honor the 300th anniversary ofProvidence, Rhode Island,although it bears no mention of the city.
Members of Rhode Island's congressional delegation sought a coin for the 300th anniversary of Providence, and SenatorJesse Metcalfadded authorization for one to a bill for another commemorative coin that had already passed theUnited States House of Representatives.The amended bill was approved by both houses ofCongress,and it was signed by PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt.A total of 50,000 coins were struck at the three mints then in operation. (Full article...) -
TheRoosevelt dimeis the currentdime,or ten-cent piece, of the United States. Struck by theUnited States Mintcontinuously since 1946, it displays PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelton theobverseand was authorized soon after his death in 1945.
Roosevelt had been stricken withpolio,and was one of the moving forces of theMarch of Dimes.The ten-cent coin could be changed by the Mint without the need forcongressionalaction, and officials moved quickly to replace theMercury dime.Chief EngraverJohn R. Sinnockprepared models, but faced repeated criticism from theCommission of Fine Arts.He modified his design in response, and the coin went into circulation in January 1946. (Full article...)
Selected article -
Abullion coin(also known as aspecie) is acoinstruck from highly refinedprecious metal(bullion) and kept as astore of valueor an investment rather than used in day-to-day commerce. A bullion coin is distinguished by its weight (or mass) andfinenesson the coin. Unlike rounds, bullion coins are minted by government mints and have alegal tenderface value. Bullion coins can have fineness ranging from 91.9% (22 karat) to 99.99% purity (24 karat).
For theVATexemption purposes theUnited Kingdomdefines investment coins more specifically as coins that have been minted after 1800, have a purity of not less than 900thousandthsand are, or have been,legal tenderin their country of origin. UnderUnited Stateslaw, "coins" that fail the last of these requirements are not coins at all, and must be advertised as "rounds" instead. (Full article...)Selected image
Credit:User:Chris.B&Sniff
Did you know...
- ...that with itstwo-dollar coin(reverse pictured),Newfoundlandwas the only British colony to issue circulating gold coinage?
- ...thatMount Burgessis nicknamed theTen Dollar Mountainbecause it was featured onCanadian currency?
- ...that theAmerican Buffalogoldbullioncoinwas the first.9999 fine 24-carat gold coin released by theUnited States Mint?
- ...that theAlabama centennial half dollarwas the firstcommemorative coinminted with the image of a living individual?
- ...thatAksumite currencywas the only native coinage to be issued inAfricawithout direct influence by an outside culture likeRoman,Greek,etc...?
Related portals
Selected coin -
Thedaricwas agold coinwhich, along with a similar silver coin, thesiglos,represented the bimetallicmonetary standardof theAchaemenid Empire.
Cyrus the Great(550–530 BC) introduced coins to the Persian Empire after 546 BC, following his conquest ofLydiaand the defeat of its kingCroesus,who had put in place the first coinage in history. It seems Cyrus initially adopted the Lydian coinage as such, and continued to strike Lydia's lion-and-bull coinage. (Full article...)Selected banknote image -
Credit:commons:User:WikedKentaur.
A circulated 1Soviet ruble,issued in1961.The color theme is a tradition that can be traced back toImperial time..
General images -
The following are images from various numismatics-related articles on Wikipedia.
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A 7th century one-third stater coin from Lydia, shown larger (fromHistory of money) -
Posthumous Alexander the Great tetradrachm from Temnos, Aeolis. Dated 188–170 BC. Obverse: Alexander the Great as Herakles facing right wearing the nemean lionskin. Reverse: Zeus seated on throne to the left holding eagle in right hand and scepter in left; in left field PA monogram and angular sigma above grape vine arching over oinochoe; ALEXANDROU vertical in right field. Reference: Price 1678. (fromCoin) -
TheFrench East India Companyissued rupees in the name ofMuhammad Shah(1719–1748) for Northern India trade. This was cast inPondicherry.(fromHistory of money) -
Song dynastyJiaozi,the world's earliest paper money. (fromBanknote) -
Fifty-five-dollar bill inContinental currency;leaf design by Benjamin Franklin, 1779 (fromBanknote) -
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Spade money from theZhou Dynasty,c. 650–400 BC (fromHistory of money) -
Silver coin of theMaurya Empire,known asrūpyarūpa,with symbols of wheel and elephant. 3rd century BC (fromHistory of money) -
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100 USDbanknote (fromHistory of money) -
Shredded and briquettedeurobanknotes from theDeutsche Bundesbank,Germany (approx. 1 kg) (fromBanknote) -
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A $5 note issued by Citizens Bank of Louisiana in the 1850s. (fromBanknote) -
Anoxhide ingotfromCrete.Late Bronze Agemetal ingots were given standard shapes, such as the shape of an "ox-hide", suggesting that they represented standardized values. (fromCoin) -
A Yuan dynasty printing plate and banknote with Chinese words. (fromBanknote) -
Many currencies, such as theIndonesian rupiah,vary the sizes of their banknotes by denomination. This is done so that they may be told apart through touch alone. (fromBanknote) -
Fed Shreds as souvenir from theFederal Reserve Bank of San Francisco(fromBanknote) -
Athenian coin (c. 500/490–485 BC) discovered in theShaikhan Dehri hoardinPushkalavati,Ancient India.This coin is the earliest known example of its type to be found so far east. (fromCoin) -
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Holographic coin from Liberia features theStatue of Liberty(Liberty Enlightening the World) (fromCoin) -
A siglos found in theKabul valley,5th century BC. Coins of this type were also found in theBhir Moundhoard. (fromCoin) -
The world's oldest coin, created in the ancient Kingdom of Lydia (fromCurrency) -
Song dynastyJiaozi,the world's earliest paper money (fromCurrency)
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Gandharan"bent-bar" punch-marked coin minted under Achaemenid administration, of the type found in large quantities in the Chaman Hazouri and theBhir Moundhoards. (fromCoin) -
Obverse and reverse of an old American $100 note (1928) (fromBanknote) -
Marco Polodescribed the use of early banknotes in China toMedieval Europein his book,The Travels of Marco Polo.(fromBanknote) -
Name of currency units by country, in Portuguese (fromCurrency) -
Greekdrachmof Aegina. Obverse: Land turtle. Reverse: ΑΙΓ(INA) and dolphin (fromHistory of money) -
Punch-marked coin minted in the Kabul Valley under Achaemenid administration, c. 500–380 BC, or c. 350 BC. (fromCoin) -
Shredded and briquettedUS dollarnotes from theFederal Reserve Bank of New York(approx. 1000 pieces, 1 kg) (fromBanknote) -
![Image 31Chinese round coins, Eastern Zhou dynasty – Warring States Period, c. 300–220 BC. Four Hua (四化, 30mm, 6.94 g). Legend Yi Si Hua ([City of] Yi Four Hua). (from Coin)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/CHINA%2C_Eastern_Zhou_dynasty_-_Warring_States_Period._State_of_Q%C3%AD._City_of_Yi._Circa_300-220_BC.jpg/120px-CHINA%2C_Eastern_Zhou_dynasty_-_Warring_States_Period._State_of_Q%C3%AD._City_of_Yi._Circa_300-220_BC.jpg)
Chinese round coins,Eastern Zhou dynasty–Warring States Period,c. 300–220 BC. Four Hua ( tứ hóa, 30mm, 6.94 g). LegendYi Si Hua([City of] Yi Four Hua). (fromCoin) -
Hoard of mostlyMauryan Empirecoins, 3rd century BC (fromCoin) -
Cowry shells being used as money by an Arab trader (fromCurrency) -
A5 euro noteso badly damaged it has been torn in half. The note has later been repaired with tape. (fromBanknote) -
1884United States trade dollar(fromCoin) -
Earliest banknote from China during the Song Dynasty which is known as "Jiaozi" (fromHistory of money) -
Collage for banknote design with annotations and additions to show proposed changes (figure rather higher so as to allow room for the No.), Bank of Manchester, UK, 1833. On display at the British Museum in London (fromBanknote) -
The first paper money in Europe, issued by theStockholms Bancoin 1666. (fromBanknote) -
The sealing of theBank of EnglandCharter (1694). The bank began the first permanent issue of banknotes a year later. (fromBanknote) -
Silverstaterof Aegina, 550–530 BC. Obv.Sea turtlewith large pellets down centre. Rev. incuse square punch with eight sections. (fromCoin) -
Alexander the Great Tetradrachm from the Temnos Mint, c. 188–170 BC (fromCoin)
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When Brazil changed currencies in 1989, the 1000, 5000, and 10,000cruzadosbanknotes were overstamped and issued as 1, 5, and 10cruzados novosbanknotes for several months before cruzado novo banknotes were printed and issued. Banknotes can be overstamped with new denominations, typically when a country converts to a new currency at an even, fixed exchange rate (in this case, 1000:1). (fromBanknote) -
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The taka was widely used across South Asia during the sultanate period. (fromHistory of money) -
A2000 Romanian leipolymer banknote (fromBanknote) -
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Shredded and briquetted US dollar notes from theFederal Reserve Bank of New York(approx. 1000 pieces, 1 kg) (fromBanknote) -
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TheAchaemenid EmpireSatrapsand Dynasts inAsia Minordeveloped the usage of portraiture from c. 420 BC. Portrait of the Satrap ofLydia,Tissaphernes(c. 445–395 BC). (fromCoin) -
French 1992 twenty Franc Tri-Metallic coin (fromCoin) -
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ThePiloncitosare tiny engraved gold coins found in thePhilippines,along withbarter rings,which are gold ring-likeingots.These barter rings are bigger than softballs in size and are made of pure gold from the Archaic period (c. 10thto 16th century). (fromCoin) -
Bimetallic Egyptian one pound coin featuring King Tutankhamen (fromCoin) -
Five million mark coin (Weimar Republic,1923). Despite its high denomination, this coin'smonetaryvalue dropped to a tiny fraction of a US cent by the end of 1923, substantially less than the value of its metallic content. (fromCoin) -
Coins can be stacked. (fromCoin) -
AnAmerican Silver Eagleminted in 2019 (left), an example of aBullion coin.Its obverse design is based on the older, formerly circulating silverWalking Liberty half dollar(right). (fromCoin)
![Image 31Chinese round coins, Eastern Zhou dynasty – Warring States Period, c. 300–220 BC. Four Hua (四化, 30mm, 6.94 g). Legend Yi Si Hua ([City of] Yi Four Hua). (from Coin)](/translate/en.m.wikipedia.org?u=https%3A%2F%2Fen.m.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ACHINA%2C_Eastern_Zhou_dynasty_-_Warring_States_Period._State_of_Q%25C3%25AD._City_of_Yi._Circa_300-220_BC.jpg&t=hv)
Numismatic terminology
- Bullion– Precious metals (platinum,goldandsilver) in the form of bars, ingots or plate.
- Error– Usually a mis-madecoinnot intended for circulation, but can also refer to an engraving ordie-cutting error not discovered until the coins are released to circulation. This may result is two or more varieties of the coin in the same year.
- Exonumia– The study of coin-like objects such astoken coinsandmedals,and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration.
- Fineness– Purity ofprecious metalcontent expressed in terms of one thousand parts. 90% is expressed as.900 fine.
- Notaphily– The study of papermoneyorbanknotes.
- Scripophily– The study and collection ofstocksandBonds.
WikiProjects
Numismatic topics
Ancient currency:Asia-Byzantium-Greece-Primitive Money-Roman-Indian coinage
Modern currency:Africa-The Americas-Asia and the Pacific-Europe-Bullion coins-Challenge coin-Commemorative coins-Token coins
Economics:Banking-Bonds-Cheques-Credit Cards-Fiat currency-Gold standard-Mints-Monetary union-Reserve currency-Stocks
Production:Coining (machining)-Designers-Die making-Mint (coin)•Coinage Metals:Aluminum-Bronze-Copper-Gold-Platinum-Silver-Tin
List articles
Subcategories
Select [►] to view subcategories
Most traded currencies
| Rank | Currency | ISO 4217 code |
Symbolor abbreviation |
Proportion of daily volume | Change (2019–2022) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 2019 | April 2022 | |||||
| 1 | U.S. dollar | USD | US$ | 88.3% | 88.5% |  0.2pp
|
| 2 | Euro | EUR | € | 32.3% | 30.5% |  1.8pp
|
| 3 | Japanese yen | JPY | ¥ /Viên | 16.8% | 16.7% | 0.1pp
|
| 4 | Sterling | GBP | £ | 12.8% | 12.9% | 0.1pp
|
| 5 | Renminbi | CNY | ¥ /Nguyên | 4.3% | 7.0% | 2.7pp
|
| 6 | Australian dollar | AUD | A$ | 6.8% | 6.4% | 0.4pp
|
| 7 | Canadian dollar | CAD | C$ | 5.0% | 6.2% | 1.2pp
|
| 8 | Swiss franc | CHF | CHF | 4.9% | 5.2% | 0.3pp
|
| 9 | Hong Kong dollar | HKD | HK$ | 3.5% | 2.6% | 0.9pp
|
| 10 | Singapore dollar | SGD | S$ | 1.8% | 2.4% | 0.6pp
|
| 11 | Swedish krona | SEK | kr | 2.0% | 2.2% | 0.2pp
|
| 12 | South Korean won | KRW | ₩ /원 | 2.0% | 1.9% | 0.1pp
|
| 13 | Norwegian krone | NOK | kr | 1.8% | 1.7% | 0.1pp
|
| 14 | New Zealand dollar | NZD | NZ$ | 2.1% | 1.7% | 0.4pp
|
| 15 | Indian rupee | INR | ₹ | 1.7% | 1.6% | 0.1pp
|
| 16 | Mexican peso | MXN | MX$ | 1.7% | 1.5% | 0.2pp
|
| 17 | New Taiwan dollar | TWD | NT$ | 0.9% | 1.1% | 0.2pp
|
| 18 | South African rand | ZAR | R | 1.1% | 1.0% | 0.1pp
|
| 19 | Brazilian real | BRL | R$ | 1.1% | 0.9% | 0.2pp
|
| 20 | Danish krone | DKK | kr | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.1pp
|
| 21 | Polish złoty | PLN | zł | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.1pp
|
| 22 | Thai baht | THB | ฿ | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.1pp
|
| 23 | Israeli new shekel | ILS | ₪ | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.1pp
|
| 24 | Indonesian rupiah | IDR | Rp | 0.4% | 0.4% | 
|
| 25 | Czech koruna | CZK | Kč | 0.4% | 0.4% |
|
| 26 | UAE dirham | AED | د.إ | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.2pp
|
| 27 | Turkish lira | TRY | ₺ | 1.1% | 0.4% | 0.7pp
|
| 28 | Hungarian forint | HUF | Ft | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.1pp
|
| 29 | Chilean peso | CLP | CLP$ | 0.3% | 0.3% |
|
| 30 | Saudi riyal | SAR | ﷼ | 0.2% | 0.2% |
|
| 31 | Philippine peso | PHP | ₱ | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1pp
|
| 32 | Malaysian ringgit | MYR | RM | 0.2% | 0.2% |
|
| 33 | Colombian peso | COP | COL$ | 0.2% | 0.2% |
|
| 34 | Russian ruble | RUB | ₽ | 1.1% | 0.2% | 0.9pp
|
| 35 | Romanian leu | RON | L | 0.1% | 0.1% |
|
| 36 | Peruvian sol | PEN | S/ | 0.1% | 0.1% |
|
| 37 | Bahraini dinar | BHD | .د.ب | 0.0% | 0.0% |
|
| 38 | Bulgarian lev | BGN | BGN | 0.0% | 0.0% |
|
| 39 | Argentine peso | ARS | ARG$ | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1pp
|
| … | Other | 1.8% | 2.3% | 0.5pp
| ||
| Total[a] | 200.0% | 200.0% | ||||
Web resources
- NumisWiki
- International Association of Professional Numismatists
- American Numismatic Association
- American Numismatic Society
- British Numismatic Association
- American Vecturist Association
- Challenge Coin Association
- Numismatic Museum of Athens, Greece
- The Perth Mint Australia
- Central Mint of China
- Royal Mint
- The French Mint
- United States Mint
- Bank of Russia
- Royal Canadian Mint
- Exact Change numismatic software
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Sources
- ^Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2022(PDF)(Report).Bank for International Settlements.27 October 2022. p. 12.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2022-10-27.
- ^The total sum is 200% because each currency trade is counted twice: once for the currency being bought and once for the one being sold. The percentages above represent the proportion of all trades involving a given currency, regardless of which side of the transaction it is on. For example, the US dollar is bought or sold in 88% of all currency trades, while the euro is bought or sold in 31% of all trades.
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