Wikipedia

Postal codes in Canada

Postal codes by province and territory

ACanadian postal code(French:code postal) is a six-characterstringthat forms part of apostaladdressinCanada.[1]LikeBritish,Irish,andDutchpostcodes, Canada'spostal codesarealphanumeric.They are in the formatA1A 1A1,whereAis a letter and1is a digit, with a space separating the third and fourth characters. As of October 2019, there were 876,445 postal codes,[2]usingforward sortation areas(FSAs), from A0A inNewfoundlandto Y1A inYukon.

Canada Postprovides a postal code look-up tool on its website[3]and via its mobile application,[4]and sells hard-copy directories andCD-ROMs.Many vendors also sell validation tools, which allow customers to properly match addresses and postal codes. Hard-copy directories can also be consulted in all post offices, and some libraries.

When writing out the postal address for a location within Canada, the postal code follows theabbreviation for the province or territory.

History

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City postal zones

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Numbered postal zones were first used inTorontoin 1925.[5]Mail to a Toronto address in zone 5 would be addressed in this format:[6] 

37 Bloor Street West
Toronto 5, Ontario

As of 1943, Toronto was divided into 14 zones, numbered from 1 to 15, except that 7 and 11 were unused, and there was a 2B zone.[7]

Postal zones were implemented inMontrealin 1944.[8]

By the early 1960s, other cities in Canada had been divided into postal zones, includingQuebec,Ottawa,Winnipeg,andVancouveras well as Toronto and Montreal.[9]For example, an address in Vancouver would be addressed as: 

804 Robson Street,
Vancouver 1, B.C.

In the late 1960s, however, the Post Office began implementing a three-digit zone number scheme in major cities to replace existing one- and two-digit zone numbers, starting in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver.[10]For example, an address in Metropolitan Toronto would be addressed as:[11] 

1253 Bay Street
Toronto 185, Ontario

Toronto's renumbering took effect 1 May 1969, accompanied by an advertising campaign under the slogan "Your number is up".[12]However, with impending plans for a national postal code system, then‑Postmaster GeneralEric Kieransannounced that the Post Office would begin cancelling the new three-digit city zone system. Companies had changed their mail addressing at their own expense, only to find that the new zoning would prove to be short-lived.[13]

Planning

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As the largest Canadian cities grew in the 1950s and 1960s, the volume of mail passing through the country's postal system also grew, to billions of items by the 1950s and tens of billions of items by the mid-1960s. Consequently, it became progressively more difficult for employees who handsorted mail to memorize and keep track of all the individual letter-carrier routes within each city. New technology that allowed mail to be delivered faster also contributed to the pressure for these employees to sort the mail properly.

A reporttabledin theHouse of Commonsin 1969 dealt with the expected impact of "environmental change" on the Post Office operations over the following 25 years. A key recommendation was the "establishment of a task force to determine the nature of the automation and mechanization the Post Office should adopt, which might include design of a postal code".[14][15]

In December 1969, Communications MinisterEric Kieransannounced that a six-character postal code would be introduced, superseding the three-digit zone system.[16] He later tabled a report in February 1970, entitled "A Canadian Public Address Postal Coding System", submitted by the firm of Samson, Belair, Simpson, Riddell Inc.[17]

Implementation

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Canada was one of the last Western countries to implement a nationwide postal code system.[18]The introduction of the postal code began with a test inOttawaon 1 April 1971.[19] Coding of Ottawa was followed by a provincial-level rollout of the system inManitoba,and the system was gradually implemented in the rest of the country from 1972 to 1974, although the nationwide use of the code by the end of 1974 was only 38.2 per cent.[20]

The introduction of such a code system allowed Canada Post to easily speed up and simplify the flow of mail in the country, with sorting machines being able to handle 26,640 objects an hour.[21]

TheCanadian Union of Postal Workersobjected to the automated sorting system, mainly because the wages for those who ran the new automated machines were much lower than for those who had hand-sorted mail.[22] The unions ended up staging job action and public information campaigns, with the message that they did not want people or businesses to use postal codes on their mail.[23] The union declared 20 March 1975 National "Boycott the Postal Code" Day, also demanding a reduction in the work week from 40 to 30 hours.[24] The boycott was called off in February 1976 after a new collective agreement was signed with the CUPW.[25][26][27]

One 1975 advertisement in the Toronto magazineBylinergenerated controversy by showing a man writing a postal code on the bottom of athongedwoman with the following ditty:

"We're not 'stringing' you along,
Use postal codes – you'll 'thing' our 'thong',
Don't be cheeky – you've all got 'em
Please include them on the bottom. "[28]

The advertisement was denounced as "sexist garbage" in theHouse of CommonsbyNDPMPJohn Rodriguez,prompting an apology fromPostmaster GeneralBryce Mackasey.[28]

Components of a postal code

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Forward sortation areas

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Aforward sortation area(FSA) is a geographical region in which all postal codes start with the same three characters.[29]The first letter of an FSA code denotes a particular "postal district", which, outsideQuebecandOntario,corresponds to an entireprovince or territory.

The large populations of both Quebec and Ontario cause both provinces to be subdivided, into three and five postal districts respectively, and each has at least one urban area so populous that it has a dedicated postal district (Hfor theMontreal region,andMforToronto). On the other hand, the low populations inNunavutand theNorthwest Territories(NWT) mean that even though Nunavut separated from the Northwest Territories and became its own territory in 1999, the two continue to share a postal district.

The digit identifies the FSA as urban or rural. A zero indicates a wide-area rural region (or, in rare instances, a special-purpose code);[30][31]all other digits indicate urban areas. The second letter represents a specific rural region, an entire medium-sized city, or a section of a major metropolitan area. In the extreme case, some FSAs in downtownToronto,Montreal,andVancouverare assigned to individual buildings. Rural FSAs also vary widely in population, with theNorthwest Territories'X0Gcovering only the hamlet ofFort Liard,but adjoiningX0Ecovering every other community in the territory exceptYellowknife.

Table of all postal codes

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A directory of FSAs is provided below, divided into separate articles by postal district. Individual FSA lists are in a tabular format, with the numbers (known aszones) going across the table and the second letter going down the table.

The FSA lists specify all communities covered by each rural FSA. Medium-sized cities may have one dedicated FSA; larger cities have more than one FSA within their limits.

For FSAs spanning more than one city, the city which is allocated the most codes in each such FSA is listed. For cities with a small number of FSAs (but more than one), the lists specify the relative location of each FSA in those cities. For cities with a large number of FSAs, applicable neighbourhoods and boroughs are specified.

All Canadian postal codes are listed in the following links, organized by first letter.

Local delivery units

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The last three characters denote alocal delivery unit(LDU).[1]An LDU denotes a specific single address or range of addresses, which can correspond to an entire small town, a significant part of a medium-sized town, a single side of a city block in larger cities, a single large building or a portion of a very large one, a single (large) institution such as a university or a hospital, or a business that regularly receives large volumes of mail.

LDUs ending in zero correspond to postal facilities, frompost officesand small franchised retail postal outlets all the way up to sortation plants. In urban areas, LDUs may be specific postal carriers' routes. In rural areas where direct door-to-door delivery is not available, an LDU can describe a set of post office boxes or arural route.LDU9Z9is used exclusively forBusiness Reply Mail.In rural FSAs, the first two characters are usually assigned in alphanumerical order by the name of each community.

LDU9Z0refers to large regional distribution facilities, and is also used as a placeholder, appearing in some regional postmarks such as the "K0H 9Z0" which formerly appeared on purely local mail within theKingston, Ontario,area.

Number of possible postal codes

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Postal codes use twentyuppercaseletters of theEnglish alphabet;they do not include the letters D, F, I, O, Q, or U. The first position also does not make use of the letters W or Z. This means the maximum number of FSAs available is 18×10×20 = 3,600. With 10×20×10 = 2,000 possible LDUs in each FSA, there is a theoretical limit of 7.2million postal codes. The practical limit is a bit lower, as Canada Post reserves some FSAs for special functions, such as for test or promotional purposes (e.g., the H0H 0H0 for Santa Claus;see below), as well as for sorting mail bound for destinations outside Canada. The currentStatistics Canadaestimate of over 830,000 active postal codes[32]represents about 12% of the entire postal code "space", leaving ample room for expansion. There is less room with regard to FSAs, however; for example, as of 2024, only four FSAs remain unused in British Columbia: V3P, V4H, V4J, and V4Y.

Urbanization

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"Urbanization" is the name Canada Post uses to refer to the process where it replaces a rural postal code (a code with a zero as its second character) with urban postal codes.[33]The vacated rural postal code can then be assigned to another community or retired. Canada Post decides when to urbanize a certain community after its population reaches a certain level, though different factors may also be involved.

For example, in early 2008, the postal code G0N 3M0 (coveringSainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier,Fossambault-sur-le-Lac,andLac-Saint-Joseph,Quebec) was urbanized to postal codes beginning with G3N to remove ambiguities and confusions caused by similar street names.[34]Unique among province-wide districts, New Brunswick (postal district E) is completely urbanized, its rural codes having been phased out.

Santa Claus

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In 1974, staff at a Canada Post office inMontrealwere noticing a considerable number of letters addressed toSanta Clausentering the postal system, and those letters were being treated as undeliverable. Since employees handling those letters did not want the writers (mostly young children) to be disappointed at the lack of response, they started answering the letters themselves.[35]

The amount of mail sent to Santa Claus increased everyChristmas,to the point that Canada Post established an official Santa Claus letter-response program in 1983. By 2011, Santa's mail was being handled with the assistance of 11,000 volunteers, mostly current or former postal workers,[36]at multiple locations across Canada,[37][38]devoting an average of 21 hours each to this seasonal task.

Approximately 1,000,000 letters are addressed to Santa Claus each Christmas, including some originating outside Canada, and all of them are answered in the same language in which they are written.[39]Canada Post introduced a special address for mail to Santa Claus, complete with its own postal code:[40] 

SANTA CLAUS
NORTH POLE H0H 0H0
CANADA

In French, Santa's namePère Noëltranslates as "Father Christmas", and mail is addressed to: 

PÈRE NOËL
PÔLE NORD H0H 0H0
CANADA

The postal code H0H 0H0 was chosen for this special seasonal use,[41]as it reads "Ho ho ho"if eachzerois interpreted as the similar-looking letterO.

The H0- prefix is an anomaly: the 0 indicates a rural delivery zone, but H is used to designateMontreal,the second-largest city in Canada. As such, the H0- prefix is almost completely empty. H0M, assigned to the internationalAkwesasnetribal reserve on the Canada–US border, is the only other H0- postal code in active use.

In 2013, Santa was dragged into the ongoingArctic sovereigntydebate to support Canadian territorial claims extending to theNorth Pole.During a parliamentary debate,ConservativeMPPaul Calandraaccused the oppositionLiberal Partyof "not think[ing] that the North Pole or Santa Claus [is] in Canada". Liberal leaderJustin Trudeauresponded by saying, "Everyone knows that Santa Claus is Canadian. His postal code is H0H 0H0." TheOfficial OppositionNew Democratic Partydisagreed, insisting that Santa is a "citizen of the world".[42]

Transition points to the Canadian Forces Postal Service

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For transition of mail from the civilian to theCanadian Forces Postal Service,the postal codes of the three military post offices on Canadian soil are used, depending on the final destination.

  • V9A 7N2 (BC): the Fleet Mail Offices (FMO) in Victoria
  • B3K 5X5 (NS): FMO in Halifax
  • K8N 5W6 (ON): the Canadian Forces Post Office (CFPO) in Belleville[43]

These postal codes each represent a number of military post offices abroad, which are specified not by postal code but by CFPO or FMO number. The LDUs in this case correspond not so much to physical as to virtual delivery units, since mail is not delivered locally but is forwarded to the actual delivery points at Canadian military bases and ships abroad.

For example: 

Name
Slot #
PO Box 5053 Stn Forces
Belleville ON K8N 5W6
CANADA

In this example, Canada Post will deliver to the CFPO at Belleville, and theCanadian ForcesPostal System will continue transport to the addressee at CFPO 5053 (inGeilenkirchen, Germany)[44]by whatever means and timing the military will deem appropriate.[45]

Alternative uses

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Postal codes can be correlated with databased information from censuses or health registries to create a geographic profile of an area's population. For instance, postal codes have been used to compare children's risk of developing cancer.[46]

AsCanadian electoral districtsfrequently follow postal code areas, citizens can identify their local elected representative using their postal code. Provincial and federal government websites offer an online "look-up" feature based on postal codes.[47]Although A1A 1A1[48]is sometimes displayed as a generic code for this purpose, it is actually a genuine postal code in use in the LowerBattery,St. John's Harbour,Newfoundland.[49]Another common "example" code in Canada Post materials, K1A 0B1, is the valid code for the Canada Post headquarters building inOttawa.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ab"Canada Postal Guide – Addressing Guidelines".Canada Post. 11 January 2016.Retrieved11 January2016.
  2. ^"Canadian Postal Code Database".GreatData.com.Retrieved21 October2019.
  3. ^Canada Post."Canada Post – Find a Postal Code".Retrieved11 April2016.
  4. ^"Mobile Apps".Canada Post. Archived fromthe originalon 19 May 2011.
  5. ^"Numbers Designate New Postal Zones".Toronto Star.23 July 1925. p. 3.
  6. ^New Dimensions in Curriculum Development: Proceedings.Ontario Curriculum Institute. 1966. p. 110.
  7. ^McGraw-Hill Directory and Almanac of Canada.Vol. 4. Corpus Publishers Services Limited. 1968. p. 325.
  8. ^"Montréal est divisé en 30 zones postales"(PDF).La Presse.14 August 1944. p. 10.
  9. ^"Postal Zone Numbers Speed Big City Mail".Ottawa Citizen.25 February 1963.
  10. ^"House of Commons Debates, 28th Parliament, 1st... - Canadian Parliamentary Historical Resources".parl.canadiana.ca.Retrieved25 November2024.
  11. ^Revue Canadienne Des Langues Vivantes.Ontario Modern Language Teachers' Association. 1972.
  12. ^House of Commons Debates,8 July 1969, Official Report, Volume 10, E. Cloutier, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, 1969, page 11004
  13. ^Belford, Terrence (4 June 1969). "Costs of postal zone changes hit some companies second time".The Globe and Mail.p. B4.
  14. ^ "Technical advances in communications will erode Post Office work, report says".The Globe and Mail.6 May 1969. p. A3.
  15. ^ Canadian Postal Museum(16 September 2001)."A Chronology of Canadian Postal History: The Postal Code (Archived version)".Archived fromthe originalon 30 September 2007.Retrieved7 January2007.
  16. ^"Postal coding in '70".Saturday Citizen.24 December 1969. p. 50.
  17. ^ "To speed sorting and delivery: Proposed national postal code system for Canada".The Stanstead Journal.26 February 1970. p. 5.
  18. ^ Rolfe, John (4 March 1972). "Cote denies conflict between ITT contract and personnel exchange with Post Office".The Globe and Mail.p. B3.
  19. ^ "Postal code service for Canada to be inaugurated on April first".The Stanstead Journal.18 March 1971. p. 5.
  20. ^Demarino, Guy (7 January 1975)."Will 'gentle persuasion' aid postal code?".Montreal Gazette.p. 9.
  21. ^"New postal code for all of Canada to speed delivery and avoid errors".L'Avenir.30 January 1973. p. 19.
  22. ^"Boycotts Ordered: Postmen Declare Automation War".Saturday Citizen.5 June 1974. p. 113.
  23. ^Block, Irwin (7 June 1974)."Quick mail only without postal codes".Montreal Gazette.p. 5.
  24. ^Boaden, Joan (19 March 1975)."Postal workers vote on contract demands".Montreal Gazette.p. 5.
  25. ^ Morissette, Michelle (17 September 1976)."Postal union chiefs claim pact violated, threaten to retaliate".Montreal Gazette.p. 3.
  26. ^Morissette, M. (17 September 1976)."Postal union chiefs claim pact violated, threaten to retaliate".The Montreal Gazette.
  27. ^Kovacaj, Fiona."Boycott Movements".University of Toronto Exhibits.Retrieved6 June2023.
  28. ^ab"House of Commons Debates, 30th Parliament, 1st... - Canadian Parliamentary Historical Resources".parl.canadiana.ca.Retrieved25 November2024.
  29. ^"NDG Presort Online Training".NDG.Canada Post.Archived fromthe originalon 27 March 2009.Retrieved23 September2008.
  30. ^H0H is reserved for seasonalSantamail, M0R and T0W are reserved forfreepost"Commercial Returns" of mail-order merchandise to large vendors like theShopping ChannelorAmazon.
  31. ^Return instructionsand examplelabelfor Gateway Commercial Returns, 4567 Dixie Rd, Mississauga M0R 1T0
  32. ^ Statistics Canada (October 2010)."Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF), Reference Guide"(PDF).p. 46.Retrieved26 May2014.
  33. ^ Christie, Bob (6 January 2006)."Bulletin – Rating Territories and Postal Code Changes by Canada Post (No.A – 02/06)".Financial Services Commission of Ontario.Retrieved6 January2007.
  34. ^"Nouveaux codes postaux en février 2008 à Sainte-Catherine, Fossambault et Lac-Saint-Joseph"(in French). Médias Transcontinental.Retrieved1 December2008.
  35. ^"Another million-letter year!".News Releases.Canada Post.27 January 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 6 April 2013.Retrieved27 April2009.
  36. ^"News Releases".canadapost.ca.13 June 2023. Archived fromthe originalon 18 April 2016.Retrieved13 December2014.
  37. ^"Still time to write to Santa".The Belleville Intelligencer.Archived fromthe originalon 13 December 2014.
  38. ^North Pole elves ready to respond,North Shore News,26 November 2008
  39. ^Canada Post(27 January 2007)."Over one million children write letters to Santa".Archived fromthe originalon 9 April 2010.Retrieved27 April2009.
  40. ^"Canada Post – 2014 Holiday Season – Mailing Dates".canadapost.ca.Archived fromthe originalon 16 December 2018.Retrieved13 December2014.
  41. ^"Canada Post makes holiday connections easy!".Canada Post Media Relations. 4 December 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 15 January 2011.Retrieved27 April2009.
  42. ^AFP (11 December 2013)."Canada vows to protect Santa Claus from Russian troops in the Arctic".The Daily Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on 11 January 2022.
  43. ^Instructions for mailing overseas,Canadian Forces
  44. ^"CFE – CFSU(E)/CS/Post Office".Archived fromthe originalon 1 June 2009.Retrieved7 January2009.
  45. ^"Canada Post – Canadian Forces Postal Service".Archived fromthe originalon 14 May 2009.Retrieved1 November2014.
  46. ^"Study: Socio-economic status and childhood cancers other than leukemia".The Daily.Statistics Canada.8 June 2006.Retrieved3 July2007.
  47. ^"Find your Member of Parliament using your Postal Code".Parliament of Canada.Retrieved3 July2007.
  48. ^"About ZIP Code A1A 1A1".Zipcode world.Retrieved1 December2008.
  49. ^"Google Maps".Google Maps.Retrieved23 September2008.
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