Wikipedia

Professional technical school

Not to be confused withVocational-technical school,Professional school,orTechnical school.

Aprofessional technical school(Russian:профессиона́льно-техни́ческое учи́лище) – "professionalno-tehnicheskoyeuchilishche "(acronym:PTU;ПТУ, пэ-тэ-у́) is a type ofvocational educationfacility established in the formerSoviet Unionto train qualified industrial workers and servicemen. Such schools are widespread in post-Soviet countries (with one or more in most cities).

Vocation school inTallinn,a carryover from Soviet times. Vocations available there include metalworker, welder, technician, barber, and tailor. A one-month electrician's certification is also available).

Background

edit
Carpentry workshop in school of factory and plant apprenticeship

By the reign ofNicholas II,a rudimentary and rather loose network of vocational institutions existed throughout the Russian Empire, drawing its support and funding from various sources including the state and industry and catering to students of varying levels of literacy and other preparation.[1][2][3]A similar situation existed in areas that were not immediately absorbed into theUSSR.[4]The physical capital of these schools served as a kernel for subsequent Soviet institutions, a network expanded rapidly in concert with theindustrialization drives of Soviet leaders.[5]

In the 1920–1930s, the forerunners of PTU's included "schools of factory and plant apprenticeship" (Russian:"шко́ла фабри́чно-заводско́го учени́чества" – "Shkola fabrichno-zavodskogo uchenichestva", acronym:FZU;ФЗУ, фэ-зэ-у́), which were partly inherited from the vocational school system of theRussian Empire.In 1940, they were reorganized to "vocational schools" (Russian:"реме́сленное учи́лище" – "Remeslennoye uchilishche" ), and in 1959 to PTUs.[6]

PTUs, increasingly standardized through the 1960s, formed a government-funded USSR-wide system for school graduates who didn't intend to receive auniversitydegree. Instead, they were both educated generally and trained for non-academic occupations. There were PTUs specializing in almost all suchprofessions,but the most common were construction andmachinerypositions. Specializations also included electricians, secretaries (girls only), cooks, waiters and evenmosaicartists (needed drawing talents to apply). The usual entering age for students was 15 – after 8 years of ordinary school, with students coming from peasant backgrounds, the lower working class, orphanages and the like. Two or three years of learning were typical, though some students would enter after 10 years of ordinary school and learn during 1 year.[6]

PTUs sometimes required no entranceexaminationand provided students with free dormitories and meals. Parents were also attracted by the 24-hour presence of "upbringers" – mentors tasked with preventing students from engaging in deviant behavior. Further employment was also guaranteed, as well as the possibility of continuing education at university level. PTUs played an important role in urbanizingruralcommunities and forming the Sovietworking class(seeUrbanization).[citation needed]

PTU's in the Post-Soviet Period

edit

During the transformation to a market economy, Many PTUs were merged or some PTUs were renamed and reformed into "lyceums"in an attempt to gain higher status and establish tuition fees.

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^Нагрибельний, Ярослав (2011). "Професійна освіта в освітній системі Російської імперії (XIX - початок XX ст.)" [Professional education within the educational system of the Russian Empire (19th- early 20th century)].Чорноморський літопис(in Ukrainian).4:165.
  2. ^Нагрибельний, Ярослав (2012). "Розвиток сільськогосподарської освіти на Херсонщині другій половині XIX - на початку XX ст" [The Development of Agricultural Education in the Kherson Region during the Second Half of the 19th Century toward the Beginning of the 20th Century].Чорноморський літопис(in Ukrainian).5:169–73.
  3. ^Лаврут, Ольга (2015). "Освітній рівень майбутніх студентів сільськогосполарських вищих навчальних закладів періоду 1920-х років" [The educational level of students matriculating into the higher educational institutions during the 1920s].Чорноморський літопись(in Ukrainian).5:165–8.
  4. ^Цимбалюк, Іван (2010). "Пропагування професійної освіти та знань громадськими об'єднаннями західної Волині (1921-1939 рр.)" [Propagation [lit. propaganda] of vocational education and knowledge by citizens' organizations in Western Volhynia (1921-1939)].Чорноморський літопис(in Ukrainian).2:148–53.
  5. ^Малишев, Олександр (2014). "Розвиток державної системи професійно-ремісничої освіти УССР у період НЕПу (1921-1928 рр.)" [The Development of the State System of Professional-Trade Education of the Ukrainian SSR during the NEP Era (1921-1928)].Історичний архів: Наукові студії(in Ukrainian).13:63–9.
  6. ^abКулбаева, М.С.; Тулеуханов, С.Т.; Аблайханова, Н.Т.; Нуфтиева, А.И.; Умбетьярова, Л.Б.; Атанбаева, Г.К.; Бактыбаева, Л.К.; Қайрат, Б.Қ.; Кулбаев, Т.Т.; Сазанова, А.А.; Малибаева, А.Е. (2022-05-27). "Holter study of heart function in students in winter and spring".Vestnik(1): 153–157.doi:10.53065/kaznmu.2022.32.91.024(inactive 2024-11-02).ISSN2524-0684.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Professional_technical_school&oldid=1255510158"