Punggawais a title for a traditional local administrator, used in various parts ofIndonesiasuch asBali,Lombokand some part ofJava
The punggawa held the function of a hereditary vassal lord of a district, subservient to theraja.The term originally applied to the northern kingdom ofBuleleng,the southern district chiefs being known asmancaormanca agung.With the Dutch conquest of Bali in 1906-1908, the term was applied by colonial administration to the entire island.[1]OnSulawesi,the term was used for chiefs serving under a major lord, in the form ofpongawa.InJavaneseculture the punggawa is a court official in shadow plays (wayang).
References
edit- ^Henk Schulte Nordholt,The Spell of Power; A History of Balinese Politics, 1650–1940.Leiden 1996, pp. 145–6, 219.
Further reading
edit- Clifford Geertz,Negara; The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali.Princeton 1980.