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Rand McNally

(Redirected fromRand McNally and Company)
Not to be confused with American politicianRandy McNally.

Rand McNallyis an Americantechnologyandpublishing companythat provides mapping, software and hardware for consumer electronics, commercial transportation and education markets. The company is headquartered inChicago, Illinois,with a distribution center inRichmond, Kentucky.

Rand McNally
Company typePrivate
IndustryAtlases, Maps, Education Materials, MileMaker Routing, Consumer Electronics, Commercial Transportation
Founded1856(1856)inChicago,Illinois,United States
FoundersWilliam H. Rand
Andrew McNally
George Amos Poole, I
Headquarters
Chicago, Illinois
,
United States
Key people
Joseph W. Roark, Chairman
ProductsMaps,atlases,software
OwnerTELEO Capital
Websitewww.randmcnally.com

History

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Early history

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FoundersWilliam H. Rand(left) andAndrew McNally

In 1856,William H. Randopened a printing shop in Chicago and two years later hired a newly arrived Irish immigrant,Andrew McNally,to work in his shop. The shop did big business with the forerunner of theChicago Tribune,and in 1859 Rand and McNally were hired to run theTribune's entire printing operation. In 1868, the two men, along with Rand's nephewGeorge Amos Poole,established Rand McNally & Co. and bought the Tribune's printing business. The company initially focused on printing tickets and timetables for Chicago's booming railroad industry, and the following year supplemented that business by publishing complete railroad guides. In 1870, the company expanded into printing business directories and an illustrated newspaper, thePeople's Weekly.According to company lore, during theGreat Chicago Firein 1871, Rand McNally quickly had two of the company's printing machines buried in a sandy beach ofLake Michigan,and the company was up and running again only a few days later.

The first Rand McNally map, created using a new cost-saving wax engraving method, appeared in the December 1872 edition of itsRailroad Guide.Rand McNally became an incorporated business in 1873; with Rand as its president, McNally as vice president, and George Poole as treasurer. TheBusiness Atlas,containing maps and data pertinent to business planning, was first published in 1876. The atlas is still updated today, now titled theCommercial Atlas & Marketing Guide.The Trade Book department was established in 1877, publishing such titles asThe Locust Plague in the United States.Rand McNally began publishing educational maps in 1880 with its first line of maps, globes, and geography textbooks, soon followed by a world atlas. The company began publishing general literature in 1884 with its first title,The Secret of Success,and the Textbook department was established in 1894 withThe Rand McNally Primary School Geography.Also in 1894, the company opened an office in New York City headed by Caleb S. Hammond, who later started his own map company,C. S. Hammond & Co.

Rand McNally published its firstroad map,theNew Automobile Road Map of New York City & Vicinity,in 1904. In 1910,[citation needed]the company acquired the line ofPhoto-Auto Guidesfrom G.S. Chapin, which provided photographs of routes and intersections with directions.[1]Andrew McNally II (son of Frederick McNally) personally took photos on his honeymoon for the Chicago-to-Milwaukee edition. The company continued to expand its book publishing business, with best-selling children's books such asThe RealMother Goosein 1916 andKon-Tikiin 1950.

A Rand McNally map appended to the 1914 edition ofThe New Student's Reference Work.

Rand McNally was the first major map publisher to embrace a system of numbered highways. One of itscartographers,John Brink, invented a system that was first published in 1917 on a map ofPeoria, Illinois.In addition to creating maps with numbered roads, Rand McNally also erected many of the actual roadside highway signs. This system was subsequently adopted by state and federal highway authorities. The oil industry quickly developed an interest in road maps, enticing Americans to explore and consume more gasoline. In 1920, Rand McNally began publishing road maps for theGulf OilCompany, to be freely distributed at its service stations. By 1930, Rand McNally had two major road map competitors,General DraftingandGousha,the latter of which was founded by a former Rand McNally sales representative. TheRand McNally Auto Chum,later to become the ubiquitousRand McNally Road Atlas,debuted in 1924. The first full-color edition was published in 1960 and in 1993, it became fully digitized.

Later history

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TheGoode's School Atlas,named for its first editor, Dr.J. Paul Goode,was published in 1923. It became a standard text for high school and college geography curricula. Later retitledGoode's World Atlas,it is now in its 22nd edition. The first Rand McNally Travel Store was opened in New York City in 1937. In the 1990s it became a chain with 29 locations, but by 2005 all were closed as a cost-saving measure. While Rand McNally is mainly known for its maps, in 1955 it published a book on random numbers. A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates by RAND Corporation. This book was a product of RAND's pioneering work in computing, as well a testament to the patience and persistence of researchers in the early days of RAND. The book was republished in 2001. This RAND edition reflects the original layout with the addition of a new foreword. Random numbers have been used in the computer industry, NASA, probability tables,in the gaming industry and also used in algorithms for encryption. In statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. Gaussian elimination method is used to solve a system of linear equations. In the 1950s this was the work of many mathematicians that put this book together. A sequel, A Million And One Random Digits was published in 2022.

Random number books have been rendered obsolete for most purposes by the ready availability of random number generators running on electronic computers. However they still have niche uses, particularly in the performance of experimental music pieces that call for them, such as Vision (1959) and Poem (1960) by La Monte Young.

Rand McNally moved its headquarters from Chicago to suburbanSkokie, Illinoisin 1952. The company opened itsVersailles, Kentucky,book publishing plant in 1962 with 300,000 square feet (28,000 m2) and 23 employees. In 1994, the plant was the first to implement a newKodakcomputer-to-plateprinting system.[2]When the plant was sold in 1997, it was over 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) and employed 1,255 people.

In 1961, because the company was not satisfied with the ability of existingmapprojections to create intuitive depictions of the entire world, it commissioned Dr.Arthur H. Robinsonto develop what became known as theRobinson projection,which became very popular and was used extensively for constructingmapsof the entire world.[3]Rand McNally began creating maps digitally in 1982.

In 1980, Rand McNally sold its educational publishing operations toHoughton Mifflin.[4]

In 1989, Rand McNally donated its extensive collection of maps to theNewberry Library.Now in possession of Gousha's archives as well, Rand McNally donated that map archive to the Newberry in late 2002.[5]

With a string of acquisitions and growth throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Rand McNally employed over 4,000 people in four business groups.[6]The company had been majority-owned by the McNally family since 1899, but by 1997 the family had decided to divest its interest.

In late September 2018, Rand McNally moved its headquarters back to Chicago, after more than 60 years in suburban Skokie, Illinois. West Bryn Mawr Avenue was chosen as the location for the site.

Ownership

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Rand McNally's former corporate headquarters inSkokie, Illinois

Rand McNally has always been a privately held company, with stock held by very few parties and very thinly traded.[7]When Rand retired in 1899, he sold his shares in the company to McNally and the other company officers. The McNally family was the majority owner for nearly 100 years, from 1899 until 1997, at which time the family decided to divest its majority stake. The company was sold piecemeal; in January 1997, the company announced it was selling its Book Services Group, which employed 1,700 people inVersailles, Kentucky,andTaunton, Massachusetts,toWorld Color Pressfor $155 million.[8]In February 1997, the DocuSystems Group, which printed airline tickets and luggage tags at itsNashvillefacility, was sold toCode Hennessy & Simmons,a Chicago-based private equity firm.[9][10]In April 1997, the Media Services Group, which employed 350 people with offices in Nashville, Tennessee;Fremont, California;Shannon,Ireland; and the Asia-Pacific region, was sold to McQueen Ltd., a Scottish software company.[11]

The sole remaining group, publishing, represented the core mapmaking business of the company. In November 1997, the McNally family completed its divestiture by selling its majority ownership toAEA Investorsfor a reported $500 million.[12]Much of the purchase price was leveraged, meaning the company took on significant debt hedging on future earnings. AEA intended to capitalize on Rand McNally's brand recognition by bringing digital mapping to the masses and attracting public investors during thedot-com boom.However, the company fell behind the technology curve of upstarts such asMapQuestand fell further into debt.[13]AEA's stake in the company was acquired byLeonard Green & Partnersthrough a prepackagedChapter 11restructuring deal on January 15, 2003.[12]In December 2007,Patriarch Partners,which had previously been a minority owner, bought shares owned by Leonard Green and other minority owners to become the sole owner of Rand McNally. In 2020, Teleo Capital purchased Rand McNally as sole owner.[14]

Facilities

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Rand McNally's former corporate headquarters in Skokie. The building was sold toIda Crown Jewish Academy.

Rand McNally had been headquartered in theChicagolandarea since its inception. Its1899 headquarterson West Adams Street was the world's first all-steel-framed skyscraper.

By the 1950s, its Chicago area workforce had grown to over 1,000 employees and larger facilities were needed.[15]In 1952, it opened a new 283,008 sq ft (26,292 m2) building in suburbanSkokie,bringing corporate offices, printing, and distribution operations under one roof. Over the ensuing decades, however, printing and distribution operations relocated, eventually resulting in the underutilization of the aging Skokie building. It was sold in February 2008 toIda Crown Jewish Academyfor $11 million,[16][17]and the approximately 200 current employees relocated in January 2009 to an office building near Skokie'sOld Orchard Mall.[18][19]As of April 26, 2024 Rand McNally no longer has a physical address in the Chicagoland area after a round of layoffs following a merger with Safety Direct.

TheIrvine, California,facilities from the acquisition ofThomas Bros. Mapsin 1997 closed in 2010.[20]

Rand McNally sold its Canadian subsidiary, located inMarkham, Ontario,on June 30, 2008 to the newly formedCanadian Cartographics Corporation.[21]

Presidents and CEOs

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William Rand founded his print shop in 1856 and Rand, McNally & Co. was formally established in 1868. The company was incorporated in 1873 with Rand as the first president and McNally vice-president. When Rand retired in 1899, Andrew McNally assumed the role of president until his death in 1904. Andrew's son, Frederick McNally, became president upon his father's death, just as the age of the automobile was beginning. When Frederick McNally died in 1907, his sister's husband, Harry Beach Clow, became president. Andrew McNally II took over in 1933. He and his heirs, Andrew McNally III and IV, successively served as president until 1993.

  1. 1873–1899: William Rand
  2. 1899–1904: Andrew McNally
  3. 1904–1907: Frederick McNally (Andrew's son)
  4. 1907–1933: Harry Beach Clow (Andrew's son-in-law)[22]
  5. 1933–1948: Andrew McNally II (Andrew's grandson)
  6. 1948–1974: Andrew McNally III (Andrew's great-grandson)
  7. 1974–1993: Andrew McNally IV (Andrew's great-great-grandson)
  8. 1993–1997: John S. Bakalar (former Rand McNally CFO)[23]
  9. 1997–1999: Henry J. Feinberg (former head of Rand McNally Publishing Group)[24]
  10. 1999–2000: Richard J. Davis (former executive atRR Donnelleyand GeoSystems, forerunners ofMapQuest)[25]
  11. 2000–2001: Norman E. Wells, Jr. (former Rand McNally COO)[26]
  12. 2001–2003: Michael Hehir (former head ofMcGraw-HillVentures)[27]
  13. 2003–2008: Robert S. Apatoff (former head ofAllstatemarketing)[28][29]
  14. 2008–2009: Andrzej Wrobel (Patriarch PartnersIT Platform Managing Director)[19]
  15. 2009–Nov 2013: Dave Muscatel
  16. Dec 2013–Nov 2020: Stephen Fletcher
  17. Nov 2020–Present: Joseph Roark, TELEO Capital Operating Partner, Chairman, Interim CEO through June 2021
  18. June 2021 – Jan 2023 Aaron Dannenbring[30]

Acquisitions

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Rand McNally has made many acquisitions over the years to consolidate the crowded map publishing industry or to extend its capabilities in new markets.

  • 1980 –Transportation Data Management (TDM)– Makers of transportation mileage and routing software that continues to be used for Rand's commercial trucking products.[31]
  • 1984 –Denoyer-Geppert– Assets of the school map and globe publisher were assimilated into Rand's education product line.[31]
  • 1988 –Champion Map– Rand continued to use its facilities inDaytona Beach, Florida,until 2001. All Champion Map products had disappeared, but in 2007 Rand began using the brand on street maps for selected small markets.
  • 1992 –Nicholstone Holdings– Subsidiary companies (Nicholstone Software Services, Nicholstone Looseleaf, and Nicholstone Bindery) were folded into Rand's Book Services Group, extending its printing and binding businesses and adding capabilities for manufacturing, packaging, and distributing computer software and documentation.[32]
  • 1993 –Allmaps Canada– Became a wholly owned subsidiary company, Rand McNally Canada, and was subsequently sold toCanadian Cartographics Corporationin 2008. Under contract from Rand McNally, CCC will continue to create Canadian products under the Rand McNally name and distribute U.S. products to the Canadian market.[21][31]
  • 1996 –Gousha– One of Rand McNally's longtime rivals, its 82 employees unexpectedly found theirComfort, Texas,building locked on the morning of April 18 with a note taped to the door stating that the company had been purchased by Rand McNally and all their jobs had been eliminated.[33]Gousha's entire product line was discontinued.
  • 1998 –Thomas Bros. Maps– The prominentSouthern Californiamapmaker best known for its ubiquitousThomas Guide.[34]Rand McNally continues to brand its street guide products as "The Thomas Guide" in western U.S. markets.
  • 1999 –King of the Road– Regional map publisher and distributor based in thePacific Northwest,which had a previous partnership with Thomas Bros.[35]King of the Road titles are no longer available.
  • 2004 –Perly's– Maker of street maps for Toronto, Ontario and the surrounding areas; sold as part of Rand McNally Canada in 2008.[21]
  • 2022 -Fleetsu -Fleet management and vehicle insights start-up.[36]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Bergheim, Laura (1992).Route 66: 66th Anniversary 1926–1992(Map). Rand McNally. "Mapping The Roads Through Time".ISBN9780528906084.
  2. ^Wilken, Earl (December 1, 1994). "Rand McNally adds Kodak CTP system".Graphic Arts Monthly.
  3. ^Wilford, John Noble (November 15, 2004)."Arthur H. Robinson, 89, Geographer Who Reinterpreted World Map, Dies".The New York Times.RetrievedJune 18,2015.
  4. ^"Houghton Mifflin Company | Encyclopedia.com".RetrievedMarch 30,2021.
  5. ^"Smith Center Publications: Mapline".Newberry Library.
  6. ^"Rand McNally & Company: Information".Answers.com. Archived fromthe originalon December 20, 2008.
  7. ^Bauman, Larry (November 3, 1996)."Obtaining unlisted stocks can be difficult, rewarding".Daily News.New York.Dow Jones News Service.
  8. ^"Quebecor World USA Inc – '10-K405' for 12/27/98 – EX-13".Fran Finnegan & Co. March 26, 1999.
  9. ^"Rand McNally divests Troy business".Dayton Business Journal.February 3, 1997.
  10. ^Ziemba, Stanley (January 8, 1997)."Rand McNally to Sell Book Unit".Chicago Tribune.
  11. ^"Mcqueen Boosts Global Operation Through The Acquisition Of Rand McNally Media Services Group"(Press release). McQueen Ltd. April 7, 1997.
  12. ^abFriedman, Josh (January 15, 2003)."Leonard Green in Deal for Mapmaker".Los Angeles Times.Archived fromthe originalon March 3, 2016.RetrievedJune 18,2015.
  13. ^Baeb, Eddie (July 30, 2001). "Debt-laden map concern charts sale; Rand McNally technology lags, turnover hurts".Crain's Chicago Business.
  14. ^"TELEO Capital Completes Acquisition of Rand McNally"(Press release).
  15. ^"Rand McNally & Co".Encyclopedia of Chicago.Chicago Historical Society. 2005.RetrievedJune 18,2015.
  16. ^Schroedter, Andrew (January 9, 2008)."Rand McNally HQ on the block as company acquired".Crain's Chicago Business.
  17. ^Schroedter, Andrew (February 27, 2008)."Rand McNally in deal to sell Skokie HQ".Crain's Chicago Business.
  18. ^Schroedter, Andrew (June 25, 2008)."Rand McNally moving but staying in Skokie".Crain's Chicago Business.RetrievedNovember 18,2015.
  19. ^ab"Rand McNally Announces Corporate Headquarters Relocation"(Press release).Business Wire.January 26, 2009.
  20. ^Milbourn, Mary Ann (September 16, 2010)."Did an O.C. map company sneak out of town?".Orange County Register.RetrievedJune 18,2015.
  21. ^abc"About".Canadian Cartographics Corporation.RetrievedNovember 18,2015.
  22. ^Marquis, Albert Nelson, ed. (1911).The Book of Chicagoans: A Biographical Dictionary of Leading Living Men of the City of Chicago.A.N. Marquis. p. 143.
  23. ^"John S. Bakalar".Equilar.RetrievedNovember 18,2015.
  24. ^"Executive Profile: Henry J. Feinberg".Bloomberg Business.RetrievedNovember 18,2015.
  25. ^"Rand McNally Maps Out a Trip into a Digital Future".Pearson Education.RetrievedNovember 18,2015.
  26. ^McCormick, Brian (January 6, 2001)."Aluminum exec ready to test mettle as Rand McNally CEO".Crain's Chicago Business.
  27. ^McCormick, Brian (June 26, 2001)."Another new CEO for Rand McNally".Crain's Chicago Business.
  28. ^Quigley, Kelly (June 18, 2003). "New CEO to run Rand McNally".Crain's Chicago Business.
  29. ^"Robert S. Apatoff Named President of FTD® Subsidiary of United Online®"(Press release). Business Wire. October 14, 2008.RetrievedNovember 18,2015.
  30. ^"Rand McNally Names New CEO"(PDF).
  31. ^abc"Our History".Rand McNally.RetrievedNovember 18,2015.
  32. ^"Rand McNally Diversifies with Nicholstone Acquisition".PR Newswire.July 31, 1992.RetrievedJune 18,2015.
  33. ^MacCormack, John (April 19, 1996). "Map firm's jobs hit the road".San Antonio Express-News.
  34. ^"Rand McNally to Acquire Thomas Bros. Maps".Directions Magazine(Press release). November 12, 1998. Archived fromthe originalon May 24, 2006.RetrievedNovember 18,2015.
  35. ^"Rand McNally Acquires King of the Road Map Service, Inc".Directions Magazine(Press release). May 4, 1999. Archived fromthe originalon May 24, 2006.RetrievedNovember 18,2015.
  36. ^McNally, Rand."Rand McNally Acquires Australia-based Fleetsu to Deliver Market-Leading Connected Vehicle Solutions".www.prnewswire.com(Press release).RetrievedNovember 30,2023.

References

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