Recapitulation (music)

Inmusic theory,therecapitulationis one of thesectionsof amovementwritten insonata form.The recapitulation occurs after the movement'sdevelopmentsection, and typically presents once more the musical themes from the movement'sexposition.This material is most often recapitulated in thetonic keyof the movement, in such a way that it reaffirms that key as the movement's home key.

Recapitulation.Haydn'sSonata in G Major,Hob.XVI: G1, I, mm. 58-80.

In some sonata form movements, the recapitulation presents a straightforward image of the movement's exposition. However, many sonata form movements, even early examples, depart from this simple procedure. Devices used bycomposersinclude incorporating asecondary developmentsection, or varying the character of the original material, or rearranging its order, or adding new material, or omitting material altogether, or overlaying material that was kept separate in the exposition.

The composer of a sonata form movement may disguise the start of the recapitulation as an extension of the development section. Conversely, the composer may write a "false recapitulation", which gives the listener the idea that the recapitulation has begun, but proves on further listening to be an extension of the development section.

See also

• Coda (music)
• Conclusion (music)
• Reprise

Further reading

• Rosen, Charles(1988).Sonata Forms(2nd ed.). W. W. Norton & Co. Ltd.ISBN978-0-393-30219-6.
• Rosen, Charles(2005).The Classical Style.Faber & Faber.ISBN978-0-571-22812-6.