Wikipedia

Richland County, South Carolina

Richland Countyis acountylocated in theU.S. stateofSouth Carolina.As of the2020 census,its population was 416,147,[2]making it thesecond-most populous countyin South Carolina, behind onlyGreenville County.Thecounty seatand largest community isColumbia,[3]thestate capital.The county was established on March 12, 1785.[4]Richland County is part of theColumbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.In 2020, thecenter of population of South Carolinawas located in Richland County, in the city of Columbia.[5]The county is also the location of thegeographic center of South Carolina,southeast of Columbia.[6]

Richland County
County
Skyline ofColumbia
Richland County Justice Center
South Carolina State House
University of South Carolina
Gervais Street Bridgeover theCongaree River
Congaree National Park
Sesquicentennial State Park
Flag of Richland County
Flag
Official seal of Richland County
Seal
Official logo of Richland County
Logo
Motto:
"Uniquely Urban...Uniquely Rural"
Map of South Carolina highlighting Richland County
Location within the U.S. state ofSouth Carolina
Map of the United States highlighting South Carolina
South Carolina's location within theU.S.
Coordinates:34°02′N80°54′W/ 34.03°N 80.90°W/34.03; -80.90
CountryUnited States
StateSouth Carolina
FoundedMarch 12, 1785
Named forThe county's "rich land"[1]
SeatColumbia
Largest communityColumbia
Area
• Total771.96 sq mi (1,999.4 km2)
• Land757.28 sq mi (1,961.3 km2)
• Water14.68 sq mi (38.0 km2) 1.90%
Population
(2020)
• Total416,147
• Estimate
(2023)
425,138Increase
• Density549.53/sq mi (212.17/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5(Eastern)
• Summer (DST)UTC−4(EDT)
Congressional districts2nd,6th
Websitewww.richlandcountysc.gov

History

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Harvestingred gumtrees in Richland County, 1904
South Carolina State House;Richland County holds the state's capitol inColumbia.
A swamp in rural Richland County

Richland County was probably named for its "rich land". The county was formed in 1785 as part of the large Camden District.[4]A small part of Richland County was later ceded to adjacentKershaw Countyin 1791. The county seat and largest city is Columbia, which is also the state capital. In 1786, the state legislature decided to move the capital fromCharlestonto a more central location. A site was chosen in Richland County, which is in the geographic center of the state, and a new town was laid out. Richland County's boundaries were formally incorporated on December 18, 1799.[7]Cotton from the surrounding plantations was shipped through Columbia and later manufactured into textiles there. GeneralWilliam T. Shermancaptured Columbia during the Civil War and his troops burned the town and parts of the county on February 17, 1865. TheU. S. Armyreturned on friendlier terms in 1917, whenFort Jacksonwas established, which is now the largest and most activeInitial Entry Training Centerin the U.S. Army. TheSouth Carolina State Houseis located in downtown Columbia.

Geography

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Interactive map of Richland County
The Congaree River makes the border between Richland and Lexington counties.

According to theU.S. Census Bureau,the county has a total area of 771.96 square miles (1,999.4 km2), of which 757.28 square miles (1,961.3 km2) is land and 14.68 square miles (38.0 km2), or 1.90%, is water.[8]Richland County is situated in the center of South Carolina.

National protected area

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State and local protected areas/sites

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Major water bodies

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Adjacent counties

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
17903,930—
18006,09755.1%
18109,02748.1%
182012,32136.5%
183014,77219.9%
184016,39711.0%
185020,24323.5%
186018,307−9.6%
187023,02525.8%
188028,57324.1%
189036,82128.9%
190045,58923.8%
191055,14321.0%
192078,12241.7%
193087,66712.2%
1940104,84319.6%
1950142,56536.0%
1960200,10240.4%
1970233,86816.9%
1980269,73515.3%
1990285,7205.9%
2000320,67712.2%
2010384,50419.9%
2020416,1478.2%
2023 (est.)425,138[2]2.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790–1960[11]1900–1990[12]
1990–2000[13]2010[14]2020[2]

2020 census

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Richland County, South Carolina – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the U.S. census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[15] Pop 2010[16] Pop 2020[17] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
Whitealone (NH) 157,843 174,267 172,644 49.22% 45.32% 41.49%
Black or African Americanalone (NH) 143,773 174,549 188,141 44.83% 45.40% 45.21%
Native AmericanorAlaska Nativealone (NH) 709 987 888 0.22% 0.26% 0.21%
Asianalone (NH) 5,441 8,433 11,330 1.70% 2.19% 2.72%
Pacific Islanderalone (NH) 228 372 427 0.07% 0.10% 0.10%
Other racealone (NH) 442 562 1,872 0.14% 0.15% 0.45%
Mixed race or Multiracial(NH) 3,528 6,697 14,750 1.10% 1.74% 3.54%
Hispanic or Latino(any race) 8,713 18,637 26,095 2.72% 4.85% 6.27%
Total 320,677 384,504 416,147 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the2020 census,416,147 people, 153,484 households, and 90,802 families were residing in the county.

2010 census

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At the2010 census,384,504 people, 145,194 households, and 89,357 families were residing in the county.[18][14]The population density was 507.9 inhabitants per square mile (196.1/km2). There were 161,725 housing units at an average density of 213.6 per square mile (82.5/km2).[19]The racial makeup of the county was 45.3% White, 48.9% African American, 2.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.9% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.8% of the population.[18]In terms of ancestry, 9.6% wereGerman,8.6% wereEnglish,7.6% wereIrish,and 7.1% wereAmerican.[20]

Of the 145,194 households, 32.9% had children under 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.5% were not families, and 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.43, and the average family size was 3.05. The median age was 32.6 years.[18]

The median income for a household in the county was $47,922 and for a family was $61,622. Males had a median income of $42,453 versus $34,012 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,805. About 10.0% of families and 14.5% of the population were below thepoverty line,including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.[21]

Law and government

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Richland County Sheriff's Department Horses, 1913 in Columbia

Richland County is governed by acounty council,[22]who hold concurrent four-year terms. Richland County is governed under the Council-Administrator form of government, which is very similar to thecouncil–managerform of government. The major difference between the council–manager and council–administrator forms of government is the title of the chief executive.

County council (as of 2023)
District Council person
District 1 Jason Branham
District 2 Derrek Pugh
District 3 Yvonne McBride
District 4 Paul Livingston
District 5 Allison Terracio
District 6 Don Weaver
District 7 Gretchen Barron
District 8 Overture Walker (chair)
District 9 Jesica Mackey (vice chair)
District 10 Cheryl English
District 11 Chakisse Newton

TheSouth Carolina Department of Corrections,headquartered in Columbia and in Richland County,[23]operates several correctional facilities in Columbia and in Richland County. They include theBroad River Correctional Institution,[24]the Goodman Correctional Institution,[25]theCamille Griffin Graham Correctional Institution,[26]the Stevenson Correctional Institution,[27]and the Campbell Pre-Release Center.[28]Graham houses the state's female death row.[29]The State of South Carolina execution chamber is located at Broad River. From 1990 to 1997 Broad River housed the state's male death row.[30]

In March 2008, the Richland County Sheriff's Department acquired anarmored personnel carrierequipped with a.50 calibermachine gun.[31]Reasonmagazine criticized the acquisition as "overkill".[32]

Politics

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Richland County was one of the first areas of South Carolina to break away from aSolid Southvoting pattern. From 1948 to 1988, it only supported the official Democratic candidate for president once, in 1976. It voted for splinter DixiecratStrom Thurmondin 1948, and forunpledged electorsin 1956.

Since 1992, Richland County has been one of the stronger Democratic bastions in South Carolina, following the trend of most urban counties across the country.

United States presidential election results for Richland County, South Carolina[33]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 58,313 30.09% 132,570 68.40% 2,939 1.52%
2016 52,469 31.10% 108,000 64.01% 8,253 4.89%
2012 53,105 33.37% 103,989 65.34% 2,060 1.29%
2008 57,941 35.11% 105,656 64.02% 1,440 0.87%
2004 56,212 42.01% 76,283 57.01% 1,306 0.98%
2000 50,164 43.07% 63,179 54.24% 3,138 2.69%
1996 39,092 41.05% 52,222 54.84% 3,916 4.11%
1992 43,744 41.17% 53,648 50.49% 8,858 8.34%
1988 43,841 52.74% 36,420 43.81% 2,862 3.44%
1984 46,773 57.44% 32,212 39.56% 2,444 3.00%
1980 36,337 49.87% 33,158 45.50% 3,374 4.63%
1976 32,727 46.78% 36,855 52.68% 380 0.54%
1972 39,746 64.11% 21,462 34.62% 787 1.27%
1968 26,215 50.96% 18,198 35.37% 7,032 13.67%
1964 27,306 60.35% 17,939 39.65% 0 0.00%
1960 20,736 63.94% 11,694 36.06% 0 0.00%
1956 6,714 29.99% 6,154 27.49% 9,516 42.51%
1952 15,925 64.17% 8,890 35.83% 0 0.00%
1948 670 7.29% 2,419 26.31% 6,104 66.40%
1944 140 1.98% 6,590 93.12% 347 4.90%
1940 167 3.38% 4,781 96.62% 0 0.00%
1936 152 2.21% 6,728 97.79% 0 0.00%
1932 119 2.64% 4,371 97.13% 10 0.22%
1928 444 12.33% 3,158 87.67% 0 0.00%
1924 88 3.48% 2,369 93.60% 74 2.92%
1920 295 10.81% 2,434 89.19% 0 0.00%
1916 292 11.20% 2,283 87.57% 32 1.23%
1912 23 1.30% 1,557 88.17% 186 10.53%
1908 236 11.76% 1,750 87.19% 21 1.05%
1904 122 9.09% 1,220 90.91% 0 0.00%
1900 62 12.23% 445 87.77% 0 0.00%
1896 468 32.91% 925 65.05% 29 2.04%
1892 146 15.63% 788 84.37% 0 0.00%

Economy

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In 2022, theGDPwas $32 billion (about $75,222 per capita),[34]and thereal GDPwas $27.3 billion (about $64,302 per capita) inchained 2017 dollars.[35]

Top ten employers (2019)[36]
Rank Employer Employees
1 Prisma Health 16,000
2 Blue Cross Blue Shield 10,000
3 University of South Carolina 7,000
4 South Carolina Department of Corrections 5,000
5 Richland County School District One 5,000
6 South Carolina Department of Transportation 5,000
7 South Carolina Department of Mental Health 5,000
8 South Carolina Department of Social Services 5,000
9 Richland County School District Two 4,000
10 South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control 4,000
Employment and Wage Statistics by Industry in Richland County, South Carolina - Q3 2023[37]
Industry Employment Counts Employment Percentage (%) Average Annual Wage ($)
Accommodation and Food Services 21,045 9.5 22,100
Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 16,431 7.4 41,652
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 807 0.4 48,776
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 3,934 1.8 22,412
Construction 6,934 3.1 69,108
Educational Services 19,160 8.6 57,252
Finance and Insurance 20,736 9.4 74,516
Health Care and Social Assistance 33,974 15.3 71,812
Information 2,769 1.2 75,348
Management of Companies and Enterprises 1,375 0.6 98,956
Manufacturing 12,069 5.4 70,980
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 122 0.1 78,208
Other Services (except Public Administration) 6,864 3.1 44,876
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 13,750 6.2 88,556
Public Administration 24,376 11.0 61,620
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 3,862 1.7 57,252
Retail Trade 20,720 9.4 36,920
Transportation and Warehousing 4,567 2.1 59,488
Utilities 701 0.3 89,076
Wholesale Trade 7,335 3.3 86,944
Total 221,531 100.0% 58,839

Transportation

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Interstates

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  • I-20(Interstate 20) travels from west to east and connects Columbia to Atlanta and Augusta in the west and Florence in the east. It serves the nearby towns and suburbs of Pelion, Lexington, West Columbia, Sandhill, Pontiac, and Elgin. Interstate 20 is also used by travelers heading to Myrtle Beach, although the interstate's eastern terminus is in Florence.
  • I-26(Interstate 26) travels from northwest to southeast and connects the Columbia area to the other two major population centers of South Carolina: the Greenville–Spartanburg area in the northwestern part of the state and theNorth Charleston–Charleston area in the southeastern part of the state.
  • I-77(Interstate 77) begins in Lexington county and ends inCleveland, Ohio,and is frequently used by travelers on the east coast heading to or fromFlorida.
  • I-126(Interstate 126) branches off from I-26 and leads into downtown Columbia and provides access toRiverbanks Zoo.

U.S. routes

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State routes

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Airports

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TheJim Hamilton–L.B. Owens Airportoperates over 56,000 aircraft annually, but is a smaller airport used mostly for small and private planes. The main airport for the region is theColumbia Metropolitan Airport,which is located in neighboringLexington County.In 2018, the Columbia Metro Airport served 1,197,603 passengers with 12,324 flights.

Bus systems

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Main article:The Comet (transit)

Public transportation in Richland County is provided by the COMET, or officially the Central Midlands Regional Transit Authority (CMRTA). The bus system is the main public transit system for the greater Columbia area and services approximately 2,800,000 passengers annually.[38]In Richland County, the bus system runs in the areas ofColumbia,Forest Acres,Fort Jackson,Irmo,St. Andrews,Northeast Richland, Lower Richland, andEastover.Additionally, COMET offers Dial-a-ride transit (DART), which provides personalized service passengers with disabilities.[39]

TheUniversity of South Carolina'stransit system, which is maintained by COMET, services an additional 1,000,000 passengers annually.[40]

Railway

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Columbia has oneAmtrakstation (CLB) that serves over 30,000 passengers per year on theSilver Starrail line.[41]Additionally, Richland County has an operating facility forCSX Transportation,a company that transports over one million carloads of freight on South Carolina's rail network.[42]

Major infrastructure

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Education

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Public primary and secondary education

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Public School Districts[43]
Name Enrollment Notes
Richland School District 1[44] 23,975 Central and southern portions of the county
Richland School District 2[45] 28,303 Northeastern portions of the county
Lexington & Richland County School District Five[46] 16,780 Northwestern portions of the county
Fort Jackson Varies The on-post areas of Fort Jackson are served by theDepartment of Defense Education Activity

(DoDEA) for elementary grades, with District 2 serving that area for secondary grades.

Colleges and universities

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Colleges and Universities[47][c]
Name Enrollment[d] Notes
University of South Carolina 34,731
Midlands Technical College 8,794
Benedict College 2,090 HBCU
Medical University of South Carolina 3,312[e] Main Campus:Charleston
Columbia International University 2,039
South University-Columbia 1,132 Main Campus:Savannah, Georgia
Columbia College 1,200
Allen University 590 HBCU
Virginia College-Columbia 404 Main Campus:Birmingham, Alabama
Remington College-Columbia 272 Main Campus:Lafayette, Louisiana

Public library

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Richland Library System
Branches Circulation Annual Visitors (counted once)
11 3,300,000 364,000

Healthcare

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Hospitals
Hospital Approximate Annual Patients
Medical University of South Carolina:Downtown[f] 1,000,000[48]
Medical University of South Carolina:Northeast[f]
Prisma HealthBaptist: Taylor and Marion Streets 1,500,000[49]
Prisma HealthBaptist: Parkridge
Prisma Health:Richland
William Jennings Bryan Dorn Veterans Affairs Medical Center 1,130,000[50]
Moncrief Army Community Hospital 400,000[51]
Lexington Medical Center:Northeast

Attractions

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A male lion atRiverbanks Zoo
South Carolina State Fair

Communities

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Cities

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  • Cayce(mostly in Lexington County)
  • Columbia(state capital, county seat, and largest community in the county; partly in Lexington County)
  • Forest Acres

Towns

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Census-designated places

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Unincorporated communities

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Neighborhoods

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  • Boyden Arbor
  • Cedar Creek
  • Eau Claire
  • Fairwold Acres
  • Killian
  • Kingville
  • Leesburg
  • Lykes
  • Mountain Brook
  • Riverside
  • Spring Hill
  • State Park
  • Wateree
  • Windsor Estates

Regions

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  • Dutch Fork
  • Fort Jackson
  • Intown/downtown
  • Lower Richland
  • Northeast Richland
  • Upper Richland

Population ranking

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The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Richland County.[52]

†=county seat

Rank Name Type Population
(2020 census)
1 †Columbia City 136,632
2 St. Andrews CDP 20,675
3 Dentsville CDP 14,431
4 Cayce City 13,781
5 Irmo Town 11,569
6 Forest Acres City 10,617
7 Woodfield CDP 9,199
8 Lake Murray of Richland CDP 8,110
9 Blythewood Town 4,772
10 Capitol View CDP 4,653
11 Arthurtown CDP 2,294
12 Hopkins CDP 2,514
13 Elgin Town 1,634
14 Gadsden CDP 1,301
15 Olympia CDP 1,087
16 Arcadia Lakes Town 865
17 Eastover Town 614
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Richland County was one of several counties across the country used as a filming location for theA&ErealitydocumentaryseriesLive PD,which worked incollaborationwith the Richland County Sheriff's Department. The show first premiered in 2016 and aired for four years until its cancellation in 2020.[53]In 2022, an unofficial revival of the show,On Patrol: Live,aired onReelz.It features Curtis Wilson from the Richland County Sheriff's Department as well as theBerkeley CountySheriff's Office.[54][55]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Though within the city limits of Columbia, Fort Jackson operates autonomously with a private population and closed borders.
  2. ^The air base operates autonomously with a private population and closed borders.
  3. ^In-person institutions only
  4. ^Part and full-time enrollment
  5. ^System-wide
  6. ^abFormerly Providence Hospital

References

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  1. ^"About Richland County".www.richlandcountysc.gov.RetrievedJune 13,2022.
  2. ^abc"QuickFacts: Richland County, South Carolina".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedMarch 22,2024.
  3. ^"Find a County".National Association of Counties. Archived fromthe originalon May 31, 2011.RetrievedJune 7,2011.
  4. ^ab"South Carolina - Legislative Acts Creating Counties / Districts".South Carolina General Assembly.1785.RetrievedMarch 20,2022.
  5. ^"2020 Centers of Population by State".United States Census Bureau. November 16, 2021.RetrievedOctober 25,2023.
  6. ^"Geographic Centers of the United States"(PDF).pubs.usgs.gov.September 3, 2011.RetrievedOctober 25,2023.
  7. ^"About Richland County".Richland County, South Carolina.RetrievedMarch 20,2022.
  8. ^"2020 County Gazetteer Files – South Carolina".United States Census Bureau. August 23, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 10,2023.
  9. ^ab"SCDNR Public Lands".www2.dnr.sc.gov.RetrievedApril 1,2023.
  10. ^"U.S. Decennial Census".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedMarch 19,2015.
  11. ^"Historical Census Browser".University of Virginia Library.RetrievedMarch 19,2015.
  12. ^Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995)."Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedMarch 19,2015.
  13. ^"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000"(PDF).United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001.Archived(PDF)from the original on October 9, 2022.RetrievedMarch 19,2015.
  14. ^ab"State & County QuickFacts".United States Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon August 23, 2011.RetrievedNovember 25,2013.
  15. ^"P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Richland County, South Carolina".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 26,2024.
  16. ^"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Richland County, South Carolina".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 26,2024.
  17. ^"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Richland County, South Carolina".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 26,2024.
  18. ^abc"DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data".United States Census Bureau.Archived fromthe originalon February 13, 2020.RetrievedMarch 11,2016.
  19. ^"Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County".United States Census Bureau.Archived fromthe originalon February 13, 2020.RetrievedMarch 11,2016.
  20. ^"DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES - 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates".United States Census Bureau.Archived fromthe originalon February 13, 2020.RetrievedMarch 11,2016.
  21. ^"DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS - 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates".United States Census Bureau.Archived fromthe originalon February 13, 2020.RetrievedMarch 11,2016.
  22. ^"Richland County > Government > County Council > County Council Members".www.richlandonline.com.RetrievedMarch 13,2018.
  23. ^"Institutions."South Carolina Department of Corrections.Retrieved on August 17, 2010.
  24. ^"Broad River Correctional Institution."South Carolina Department of Corrections.Retrieved on August 17, 2010.
  25. ^"Goodman Correctional Institution."South Carolina Department of Corrections.Retrieved on August 17, 2010.
  26. ^"Graham (Camille Griffin) Correctional Institution."South Carolina Department of Corrections.Retrieved on August 17, 2010. "4450 Broad River Road Columbia, SC 29210-4096"
  27. ^"Stevenson Correctional Institution."South Carolina Department of Corrections.Retrieved on August 17, 2010.
  28. ^"Campbell Pre-Release Center."South Carolina Department of Corrections.Retrieved on August 17, 2010.
  29. ^"Graham (Camille Griffin) Correctional Institution."South Carolina Department of Corrections.Retrieved on August 17, 2010. "The institution also functions as a major special management unit with the ability to house female death row inmates and county safekeepers."
  30. ^"Death Row/Capital Punishment."South Carolina Department of Corrections.Retrieved on August 17, 2010.
  31. ^S.C. Sheriff's Department Armored Vehicle with Belt-Fed Machine GunArchivedSeptember 4, 2008, at theWayback Machine
  32. ^Sheriff Lott's New Toyby Radley Balko September 1, 2008
  33. ^Leip, David."Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".uselectionatlas.org.RetrievedMarch 13,2018.
  34. ^U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (January 1, 2001)."Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Richland County, SC".FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.RetrievedMay 4,2024.
  35. ^U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (January 1, 2001)."Real Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Richland County, SC".FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.RetrievedMay 4,2024.
  36. ^"Comrehensive Financial Report (2019)"(PDF).Richland County. 2019.Archived(PDF)from the original on October 9, 2022.
  37. ^"Richland County"(PDF).Community Profiles(04000079). Columbia, SC: S.C. Department of Employment & Workforce - Business Intelligence Department. April 19, 2024.
  38. ^"The COMET - Central Midlands Regional Transit Authority".partners.columbiachamber.com.RetrievedJune 7,2023.
  39. ^"The Comet Routes"(PDF).The Central Midlands Transit Authority. n.d.Archived(PDF)from the original on October 9, 2022.RetrievedJune 28,2020.
  40. ^"The Comet, University of South Carolina announce new contract".masstransitmag.com.RetrievedJune 7,2023.
  41. ^"Columbia, SC (CLB)".Great American Stations.RetrievedJune 28,2020.
  42. ^"CSX in South Carolina".CSX.RetrievedJune 28,2020.
  43. ^"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Richland County, SC"(PDF).U.S. Census Bureau.Archived(PDF)from the original on October 9, 2022.RetrievedFebruary 5,2022.-Text list- "Fort Jackson Schools" refers to the DoDEA schools on base.
  44. ^"SC School Report Card".screportcards.com.2018.RetrievedApril 27,2023.
  45. ^"SC School Report Card".screportcards.com.2022.RetrievedApril 27,2023.
  46. ^"SC School Report Card".screportcards.com.2021.RetrievedApril 27,2023.
  47. ^"Colleges in Richland County, South Carolina".Countyoffice.org.RetrievedJuly 7,2022.
  48. ^"MUSC Fact Sheet".Medical University of South Carolina.RetrievedJuly 29,2022.
  49. ^"FY21 highlights and statistics".prismahealth.org.RetrievedJuly 29,2022.
  50. ^"Columbia VA Health Care System"(PDF).va.gov.United States Department of Veterans Affairs.Archived(PDF)from the original on October 9, 2022.
  51. ^"Fort Jackson, SC - Hospital".United States Army.RetrievedJuly 29,2022.
  52. ^"City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022".United States Census Bureau,Population Division.Archivedfrom the original on July 11, 2022.RetrievedMay 18,2023.
  53. ^Schneider, Michael (June 11, 2020)."'Live PD': Inside A&E's Swift Decision to Cancel the Show, and Whether it Will Ever Return ".Variety.RetrievedJune 28,2020.
  54. ^Laird, Skylar (June 30, 2022)."Richland County Sheriff's deputies to appear on new TV show 'On Patrol: Live'".Post and Courier.RetrievedSeptember 3,2023.
  55. ^Bise, Matt (October 6, 2023)."Sheriff: BCSO's TV role is working".The Post and Courier.RetrievedNovember 21,2023.
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