Montenegrin alphabet

Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet
Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet;
Script type	Alphabet
Time period	since 2009
Languages	Montenegrin
Related scripts
Parent systems	Egyptian hieroglyphs Phoenician alphabet Greek alphabet(partlyGlagolitic alphabet) Early Cyrillic alphabet Serbian Cyrillic alphabet Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet; ; ; ; ;
ISO 15924
ISO 15924	Cyrl(220),Cyrillic
Unicode
Unicode alias	Cyrillic
Unicode range	subset ofCyrillic (U+0400...U+04FF)
	This article containsphonetic transcriptionsin theInternational Phonetic Alphabet(IPA).For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA.For the distinction between[ ],/ /and ⟨⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Montenegrin Latin alphabet
Montenegrin Latin alphabet;
Script type	Alphabet
Time period	since 2009
Languages	Montenegrin
Related scripts
Parent systems	Egyptian hieroglyphs Proto-Sinaitic alphabet Phoenician alphabet Greek alphabet Old Italic scripts Latin alphabet Czech alphabet Gaj's Latin alphabet Montenegrin Latin alphabet; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
ISO 15924
ISO 15924	Latn(215),Latin
Unicode
Unicode alias	Latin
Unicode range	Subset ofLatin(Basic LatinandLatin Extended-A)
	This article containsphonetic transcriptionsin theInternational Phonetic Alphabet(IPA).For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA.For the distinction between[ ],/ /and ⟨⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

TheMontenegrin alphabetis the collective name given to "Abeceda"(Montenegrin Latin alphabet;АбецедаinCyrillic) and "Азбука"(Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet;AzbukainLatin), thewriting systemsused towritetheMontenegrin language.It was adopted on 9 June 2009 by theMontenegrinMinister of Education,Sreten Škuletić^[1]and replaced theSerbian CyrillicandGaj's Latinalphabets in use at the time.

Although the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets enjoy equal status under theConstitution of Montenegro,the government and proponents of the Montenegrin language prefer to use theLatin script;^[2]it is also much more widely used in all aspects of the day-to-day written communication in the country, in education, advertising and media.

History

Efforts to create a Latin character-based Montenegrin alphabet go back to at leastWorld War I,when a newspaper was published inCetinjeusing bothLatinandCyrilliccharacters.^[3]

Latin alphabet

TheMontenegrin Latin alphabet(Montenegrin:crnogorska latinica/ црногорска латиница,crnogorska abeceda/ црногорска абецеда orcrnogorski alfabet/ црногорски алфабет) is used for writing the Montenegrin language inLatin script.

Abeceda:A B C Č Ć D Dž Đ E F G H I J K L Lj M N Nj O P R S Š Ś T U V Z Ž Ź

It uses most letters of theISO basic Latin alphabet,with the exception ofQ,W,XandY,only used for writing common words or proper names directly borrowed from foreign languages.

Montenegrin Latin is based onGaj's Latin alphabet,with the addition of the two letters Ś and Ź, to replace the pairs SJ and ZJ (so anachronistically considered as digraphs).^[4]С́ and З́, and could also be represented in the original alphabets assjandzj,^[5]and сj and зj, respectively.^{[citation needed]}Because these two glyphs already exist in thePolish alphabet,but must be created in Cyrillic by using combining characters, it provides an additional incentive to prefer Latin over Cyrillic.

It also uses some Latin extended letters, composed with a basic Latin letter and one of two combining accents (theacute accentorcaron,overC,S,andZ), and a supplementary base consonantĐ:they are needed to note additional phonetic distinctions (notably to preserve the distinctions that are present in theCyrillic scriptwith which the Montenegrin language has also long been written, when it was still unified in the formerYugoslaviawithin the writtenSerbo-Croatianlanguage).

Digraphs

The alphabet also includes some digraphs built from the previous characters (that are considered as single letters for collation purpose):Dž,Nj,andLj.

Cyrillic alphabet

TheMontenegrin Cyrillic alphabet(Montenegrin:црногорска ћирилица/crnogorska ćirilicaorцрногорска азбука/crnogorska azbuka) is the officialCyrillic scriptof theMontenegrin language.It is used in parallel with the Latin script.

Azbuka:А Б В Г Д Ђ Е Ж З З́И Ј К Л Љ М Н Њ О П Р С С́Т Ћ У Ф Х Ц Ч Џ Ш

Its first version was developed byVojislav Nikčevićin the 1970s who was a dissident of theSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslaviaand considered Montenegrin speech to be unique and deserving of consideration as a separate language from Serbo-Croatian.^{[citation needed]}

The modern version was brought into official use in early 2009 by the Ministry of Education underSreten Škuletić.It was called the First Montenegrin Orthography, included a new Orthographic Dictionary, and replaced theSerbian Cyrillicscript which was official until then. The act is a component part of the process of standardisation of the Montenegrin language, starting in mid-2008 after the adoption of Montenegrin as theofficial languageof Montenegro.

References

^"Donijet Pravopis crnogorskog jezika".9 July 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-01-10.Retrieved2012-05-17.
^ Lowen, Mark (February 19, 2010)."Montenegro embroiled in language row".BBC News.RetrievedSeptember 10,2011.
^"Semi-Official War Newspaper to Start".Bakersfield Californian.Bakersfield, California.April 3, 1916.RetrievedSeptember 10,2011.
^"Dva nova slova u pravopisu".10 July 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-07-22.Retrieved2012-05-17.
^"News - Montenegrin authorities introduce new alphabet".B92.Retrieved2012-05-17.
^Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (Jan./Feb. 2000): 21.

[1] "Donijet Pravopis crnogorskog jezika".9 July 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-01-10.Retrieved2012-05-17.

[2] Lowen, Mark (February 19, 2010)."Montenegro embroiled in language row".BBC News.RetrievedSeptember 10,2011.

[3] "Semi-Official War Newspaper to Start".Bakersfield Californian.Bakersfield, California.April 3, 1916.RetrievedSeptember 10,2011.

[4] "Dva nova slova u pravopisu".10 July 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-07-22.Retrieved2012-05-17.

[5] "News - Montenegrin authorities introduce new alphabet".B92.Retrieved2012-05-17.

[6] Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (Jan./Feb. 2000): 21.

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