Sabang(Jawoë:سابڠ) is acityinAcehprovince,Indonesiaconsisting entirely ofWeh Islandand several smaller islands off the northern tip ofSumatra.The administrative centre of the city is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) north ofBanda Aceh.The city covers an area of 122.13 square kilometres (47.15 sq mi) and had a population of 43,391 in the 2020 census[3]although that total was subsequently adjusted to 41,197; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 43,527.[1]Sabang is known as the northernmost and westernmost city of Indonesia. It also has by far the smallest population of any city in Indonesia.
Sabang | |
|---|---|
| City of Sabang Kota Sabang | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| •Jawoë | کوتا سابڠ |
 0 Km Monument of Indonesia | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location withinAceh | |
  Sabang  Sabang Sabang (Indonesia)  Sabang Sabang (Bay of Bengal) | |
| Coordinates:5°53′39″N95°19′9″E/ 5.89417°N 95.31917°E | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Region | Sumatra |
| Province |  Aceh |
| Established | June 24, 1965 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Reza Fahlevi |
| • Deputy Mayor | Vacant |
| Area | |
• Total | 122.13 km2(47.15 sq mi) |
| Population (mid 2023 estimate)[1] | |
• Total | 43,527 |
| • Density | 360/km2(920/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+7(Indonesia Western Time) |
| Area code | (+62) 652 |
| HDI(2021) |  0.761 (High)[2] |
| Website | sabangkota.go.id |
History
edit
According to local mythology, the island of Weh was once connected to the mainland Sumatra. The island of Weh has been described as far asPtolemyin 301 BC and was mentioned as "Golden Island". During early 11th and 12th centuries, the island was often visited by Arab and Indian traders who called the island "Shabag", which arguably was the origin of the city name.[4]The settlement on the island was called by Acehnese "Ulee Iheuh", which means "place for crossing". During the time ofAceh Sultanate,the island was used as a place for exiles by the sultanate.
Before theSuez Canalwas opened in 1869, the Indonesian archipelago was reached via theSunda StraitfromAfrica.From the Suez Canal, the route to Indonesia is shorter via the Malacca Strait. Due to its natural harbour with relatively deep and well sheltered water, theDutch East Indiesgovernment decided to open Sabang as a quay. It changed hands toDutch East Indiesand later was operated as port and open for foreign ships in 1883 under management of "Asosiasi Atjeh" (Aceh Association). In 1883, Sabang quay was opened for ships to dock by the Atjeh Associate.[5]At first, the harbour was intended as acoalstation for theDutch navy,but later also servedmerchant vesselsand for the transfer of export goods from northern Sumatra. The port was expanded on 1887 and opened again as free port in 1895 underSabang Maatschaappij.In 1899, Asosiasi Ajteh was incorporated and becameN.V. Zeehaven en Kolenstation Sabang te Batavia.The Japanese occupied the island in 1942 and installed numerousbunkers,fortifications,and gun emplacements. Their remnants can still be seen, though most have been re-purposed or removed. On 19 April 1944, the Japanese facilities were attacked by a combined Allied naval force inOperation Cockpit.[4]
Sabang again became a free port under Indonesia in 1963 and gained city status in 1965. In 2000, Sabang was declared a free trade zone and as a result saw a rapid growth in shipping and trade. However, this boom stopped in 2004 dueto Aceh having been declared as a military operation area,and also due to the2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.[4]Unlike mainland Aceh where a mass exodus occurred, Sabang itself was much less affected by the military conflict and saw little tension between Acehnese and non-Acehnese.[6]
Geography
edit
Sabang is the Indonesia's northernmost administrative region, and directly borders with neighboring countries likeMalaysia,Thailand,andIndia.It is surrounded by theMalacca Straitto its north and east and theIndian Oceanto its south and west.
Sabang city area covers five islands. The principal one isWeh Island(121 km2), where the city center is located. Other islands areRondo Island(or Tempurung - the northernmost island in Indonesia, with 0.65 km2area), Rubiah Island (0.355 km2area), Klah Island (0.186 km2area) and Seulake Island (0.055 km2area). There is a freshwater lake in Weh Island called Aneuk Laot Lake.
Climate
editSabang has atropical rainforest climate(Af) with moderate rainfall from February to August and heavy rainfall from September to January.
| Climate data for Sabang | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.4 (81.3) |
28.3 (82.9) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.0 (86.0) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.5 (86.9) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.1 (86.2) |
28.5 (83.3) |
27.5 (81.5) |
29.5 (85.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.8 (78.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
27.2 (80.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.2 (75.6) |
24.2 (75.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.7 (76.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.9 (76.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 183 (7.2) |
112 (4.4) |
100 (3.9) |
100 (3.9) |
154 (6.1) |
110 (4.3) |
114 (4.5) |
99 (3.9) |
174 (6.9) |
217 (8.5) |
241 (9.5) |
339 (13.3) |
1,943 (76.4) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[7] | |||||||||||||
Governance
editAdministrative districts
editAs at 2020, the city was divided into twodistricts(kecamatan), but in February 2021 a third district (Sukamakmue) was created from the more rural parts of the other two by taking in three villages (gampong) from each existing district. These are all listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census[8]and the 2020 census,[3]together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[1]The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of villages (gampong) in each district, and its postal codes.
| Kode Wilayah |
Name of District (kecamatan) |
Area in km2 |
Pop'n at 2010 census |
Pop'n at 2020 census |
Pop'n mid 2023 estimate |
Admin centre |
No. of villages (gampong) |
Post Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.72.02 | Sukajaya | 35.99 | 15,542 | 22,739 | 13,799 | Balohan | 7 | 23521 - 23526 |
| 11.72.01 | Sukakarya | 17.06 | 15,111 | 20,652 | 20,745 | Aneuk Laot | 5 | 23511 - 23515 |
| 11.72.03 | Sukamakmue | 69.08 | (a) | (a) | 8,983 | Paya Seunara | 6 | 23516 - 23518, 23527 - 23529 |
| Total | 122.13 | 30,653 | 41,197(b) | 43,527 | 18 |
Note: (a) the 2010 and 2020 Census populations of the new Sukamakmue District are included in the equivalent figures for the other two districts. (b) adjusted from original total of 43,391.
Local government
editAs with allIndonesian cities,the local government is a second-level administrative division run by a mayor and vice mayor, together with the city parliament, and it is equivalent to a regency.[9]Executive power lies in the mayor and vice mayor, while legislation duties are carried out by the local parliament. Mayor, vice mayor, and parliament members are democratically elected by the people of the city.[10]Meanwhile, head of districts are appointed directly by the city mayor on the recommendation of the city secretary.[11][12]
Economy
editEconomic activities in the city are diverse. As of 2021, the largest economic sector in the city was construction with contribution to city's gross regional product of 33.78%, followed by administration or social security services with 15.33%, and trade and retail sector with 14.67%. The city's gross regional product in 2021 was valued at 1.12 trillion rupiah with an annual economic growth of 5.82% on 2019 before theCOVID-19 pandemic.The economy of the city shrank 1.29% in 2020 due to the pandemic before it bounced back again in 2021 with growth of 2.67.[13]The fastest growing sectors in the city in 2021 include the healthcare sector with an annual growth of 9.25% and the transportation sector with an annual growth of 8.13%. In terms of size, the city has the smallest economy in Aceh when compared to other cities and regencies in the province.[14]
Infrastructure
edit
Transport
editSabang is served byMaimun Saleh Airport.The airport is located southeast of the central city on Weh Island and is capable of handlingATR 72aircraft.[15]The airport is a military base for theIndonesian Air Forcewith no scheduled commercial flights.[16][17]
Sabang has a deep sea port which is important to the trade in the region. India and Indonesia are jointly developing the Sabang deep sea port which also lies close to India's southernmost territory ofAndaman and Nicobar Islands.In 2002,Indian NavyandIndonesian Navysigned an"Ind-Indo Corpat"agreement. Indian naval ships have been regularly visiting Sabang port following the signing of this agreement.[18]Indonesia's minister for maritime affairs,Luhut Pandjaitan,stated that Indonesia has given economic and military access by India to the strategic Sabang port; India will invest in the port and economic zone of Sabang city.[19]Pelni,state-owned shipping company, is serving the city throughSea Toll Programwhich is highly subsidized to nearby cities such asLhokseumawe,Banda Aceh,and Medan.[20][21]
The city has a total of 144.75 kilometers of road, all of which have been paved with asphalt as of 2022.[13]The city, unlike most of places in Indonesia, does not have any presence ofangkot,and the presence of public transportation inside the city is minimal.[22][23]Online ride-hailing service such as those byGojekare present in the city.[24][25]
Education
editThe city in 2022 has a total of 20 kindergartens, 30 elementary schools, 11 junior high schools, and 4 senior high schools, in addition of one vocational high school.[13]There are also two higher education institutions in the city, Al-Aziziyah Sabang Sharia College and Ibnu Sina Nursery Academy. Both of these institutions are private.[26][27]The literacy rate in the city is relatively high at 99.76% in 2020.[13]
References
edit- ^abcBadan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024,Kota Sabang Dalam Angka 2024(Katalog-BPS 1102001.1172)
- ^"Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2020-2021".Retrieved24 June2022.
- ^abBadan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^abcRizal, Mukhsin (13 July 2021)."Sejarah Panjang Sabang dan Kekuatan Besar Ekonomi Aceh".Serambi News(in Indonesian).Retrieved2023-03-23.
- ^"Sabang".ABN AMRO History.ABN AMRO.Archived fromthe originalon October 22, 2006.Retrieved2006-11-30.
- ^Muda, Indra (2015)."Komunikasi Lintas Etnis di Pulau Weh-Sabang".JURNAL SIMBOLIKA: Research and Learning in Communication Study (E-Journal)(in Indonesian).1(2).doi:10.31289/simbollika.v1i2.201(inactive 1 November 2024).ISSN2442-9996.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^"Climate: Sabang".Climate-Data.org.Retrieved29 October2020.
- ^Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
- ^"UU 22 1999"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 16 April 2021.Retrieved16 April2021.
- ^"UU 8 2015"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 26 February 2021.Retrieved16 April2021.
- ^"PP No. 17 Tahun 2018 tentang Kecamatan [JDIH BPK RI]".peraturan.bpk.go.id.Archivedfrom the original on 17 April 2021.Retrieved2021-04-16.
- ^Government Law No.19 1998
- ^abcd"Kota Sabang Dalam Angka 2022".sabangkota.bps.go.id.Retrieved2022-06-24.
- ^"PDRB Atas Dasar Harga Konstan Menurut Lapangan Usaha di Kabupaten/Kota dan Provinsi Aceh Tahun 2017-2019 ( Juta Rupiah )".aceh.bps.go.id.Retrieved2022-06-29.
- ^"Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara | Data Bandar Udara".hubud.dephub.go.id.Retrieved2022-06-24.
- ^"Santai Tapi Pasti, Tak Lama Lagi Bandara Internasional Maimun Saleh Kembali Beroperasi".Indonesian Air Force official website.19 August 2021.
- ^Aldin, Ihya Ulum (2020-11-12). Fitra, Safrezi (ed.)."Menakar Untung Rencana Perubahan Status 8 Bandara Internasional".katadata.co.id(in Indonesian).Retrieved2022-06-24.
- ^Chaudhury, Dipanjan Roy (2019-03-20)."Eyeing Southeast Asia, India builds port in Indonesia".The Economic Times.ISSN0013-0389.Retrieved2023-03-19.
- ^"Why India is developing its maiden deep-sea port in Indonesia | India News - Times of India".The Times of India.Mar 21, 2019.Retrieved2022-06-24.
- ^Idfal, Muhammad (11 July 2019). Suryatmojo, Heru Dwi (ed.)."PT Pelni dapat penugasan tol laut Belawan-Sabang - ANTARA News Aceh".Antara News.Retrieved2022-06-24.
- ^Kunjana, Gora, ed. (2019-07-14)."Pelni Layani Tol Laut Rute Sabang".investor.id(in Indonesian).Retrieved2022-06-24.
- ^Ocktaviany, Tuty (2015-12-16)."Liburan ke Sabang Aceh, Ini Panduan Transportasinya: Okezone Travel".travel.okezone.com(in Indonesian).Retrieved2022-06-24.
- ^"Liburan ke Sabang, Ini Pilihan Transportasinya".detikTravel(in Indonesian).Retrieved2022-06-24.
- ^Pratomo, Yudha (2018-08-15). Nistanto, Reska (ed.)."Go-Jek Resmi Mengaspal di Sabang dan Merauke".KOMPAS.com(in Indonesian).Retrieved2022-06-24.
- ^"Logo baru, Gojek mulai merajut nusantara dari titik nol Sabang - ANTARA News Aceh".Antara News.Retrieved2022-06-24.
- ^"PDDikti - Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi".pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id.Retrieved2022-06-24.
- ^"PDDikti - Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi".pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id.Retrieved2022-06-24.
External links
edit
- (in Indonesian)Official Sabang City