Sherbrooke(/ˈʃɜːrbrʊk/SHUR-bruuk,Quebec French:[ʃɛʁˈbʁʊk]) is a city in southernQuebec,Canada. It is at the confluence of theSaint-FrançoisandMagogrivers in the heart of theEstrieadministrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of aterritory equivalent to a regional county municipality(TE) andcensus division(CD) ofQuebec,coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke. With 172,950 residents at theCanada 2021 Census,[4]it is the sixth largest city in the province and the 30th largest in Canada. The SherbrookeCensus Metropolitan Areahad 227,398 inhabitants, making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Quebec and 19th in Canada.
Sherbrooke | |
|---|---|
| Ville de Sherbrooke | |
 From top, left to right: Downtown Sherbrooke, Wellington Street, Sherbrooke City Hall, Plymouth-Trinity United Church, clock tower at the Sherbrooke History Museum | |
 Flag  Logo | |
| Nickname: Queen of the Eastern Townships | |
| Motto: | |
  Sherbrooke Location of Sherbrooke in Quebec  Sherbrooke Sherbrooke (Quebec)  Sherbrooke Sherbrooke (Canada) | |
| Coordinates:45°24′N71°54′W/ 45.400°N 71.900°W[1][2] | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Estrie |
| RCM | None |
| Settled | 1793 |
| Constituted | 1 January 2002 |
| Boroughs | |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sherbrooke City Council |
| • Mayor | Évelyne Beaudin |
| •Federal riding | Compton—Stanstead/Sherbrooke |
| •Prov. riding | Richmond/Saint-François/Sherbrooke |
| Area | |
•City | 367.10 km2(141.74 sq mi) |
| • Land | 353.40 km2(136.45 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 109.25 km2(42.18 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,458.10 km2(562.98 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 378 m (1,240 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 128 m (420 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
•City | 172,950 |
| • Density | 489.4/km2(1,268/sq mi) |
| •Urban | 155,019 |
| • Urban density | 1,418.9/km2(3,675/sq mi) |
| •Metro | 227,398(19th) |
| • Metro density | 156/km2(400/sq mi) |
| • Pop2016–2021 |  7.2% |
| • Dwellings | 86,019 |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00(EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00(EDT) |
| Postal code(s) | |
| Area code | 819 |
| NTSMap | 21E5Sherbrooke |
| GNBCCode | EIDHN[6] |
| GDP(SherbrookeCMA) | CA$8.0 billion (2016)[7] |
| GDP per capita (SherbrookeCMA) | CA$37,797 (2016) |
| Website | www |
Sherbrooke is the primary economic, political, cultural, and institutional centre of Estrie, and was known as theQueen of theEastern Townshipsat the beginning of the 20th century.
There are eight institutions educating 40,000 students and employing 11,000 people, 3,700 of whom are professors, teachers and researchers. The direct economic effect of these institutions exceeds one billiondollars.The proportion of university students is 10.32 students per 100 inhabitants, giving Sherbrooke the largest concentration of students in Quebec.[8]
Sherbrooke rose as a manufacturing centre in the 1800s, and today theservice sectoris prominent.
The Sherbrooke region is surrounded by mountains, rivers, and lakes. There are several ski hills nearby and various tourist attractions in regional flavour.Mont-Bellevue Park,a large park in the city, is used fordownhill skiing.
The city was named in 1818 forJohn Coape Sherbrooke,a formerGovernor General of Canada.[9]
History
editFirst Nationssettled the region between 8,000 and 3,000 years ago.[10]TheAbenakicalled itKtinékétolékouac/Kchi Nikitawtegwak('the large forks'),[11]orShacewanteku(where one smokes).[2]
The first non-native settler was the farmer Jean-Baptiste Nolain, in 1779.[2]The area was first surveyed in 1792.[12] Americans from Vermont built mills in the area in 1802.Gilbert Hyattled a group ofloyalists,who settled around 1803. He dammed theMagog Riverand agristmilland asawmillwere soon built nearby. The settlement was then known as Hyatt's Mills.[13]
The first immigrants from England arrived in 1815.[14]TheBritish American Land Companywas formed in 1832[15]to acquire and develop almost 1,100,000 acres (1,719 sq mi; 4,452 km2) ofCrown landand other lands in the area. It prioritized speculation over immigration.[16]
In 1852 a railway linkedMontrealandPortland, Mainevia Sherbrooke. By the 1890s, there were rail connections toBoston,Halifax,andNew York City.
Immigration from the rest of Quebec began in 1850, and by 1871 francophones were in the majority.[14]
By the turn of the 20th century, Sherbrooke was a thriving industrial city, with manufacturing benefiting from locally-producedhydroelectricity.From the 1950s, some the steel and textile industries declined, giving way to government services and education.
As part of the2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec,the city grew considerably on 1 January 2002, when it absorbed Ascot, Bromptonville, Deauville, Fleurimont,Lennoxville,Rock Forest, and Saint-Élie-d'Orford. Part ofStokewas also annexed to the newly expanded Sherbrooke.
In 2012, a local biochemical factory suffered an explosion, which killed 2, and injured 19, some severely. A large toxic cloud enveloped part of the city, raising health concerns.[17][18]
Geography
editLocated at the confluence of theSaint-François(St. Francis) andMagogrivers in the heart of theEastern Townshipsand theEstrieadministrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of aterritory equivalent to a regional county municipality(TE) andcensus division(CD) ofQuebec,coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke. Its geographical code is 43.[vague]
Climate
editSherbrooke has ahumid continental climate(KöppenDfb), with long, cold, and snowy winters, warm summers, and short but crisp springs and autumns. Highs range from −5.8 °C (21.6 °F) in January to 24.6 °C (76.3 °F) in July. In an average year, there are 34 nights at or colder than −20 °C (−4 °F), and 6.5 nights at or colder than −30 °C (−22 °F); 4.1 days will see highs reaching 30 °C (86 °F).[19]Annual snowfall is large, averaging at 287 centimetres (113 in), sometimes falling in May and October. Precipitation is not sparse any time of the year, but is the greatest in summer and fall and at its least from January to April, totalling 1,100 millimetres (43.3 in) annually.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Sherbrooke was 36.7 °C (98 °F) on 1 & 2 July 1931.[20]The coldest temperature ever recorded was −41.2 °C (−42.2 °F) on 15 January 2004.[21]
| Climate data forSherbrooke Airport,1981−2010 normals, extremes 1900−present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record highhumidex | 17.4 | 17.1 | 27.0 | 31.5 | 38.3 | 43.9 | 46.5 | 43.4 | 38.7 | 31.8 | 26.3 | 19.0 | 46.5 |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
25.3 (77.5) |
30.0 (86.0) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
36.1 (97.0) |
34.0 (93.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
2.3 (36.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
19.2 (66.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −11.9 (10.6) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
6.3 (43.3) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −17.9 (−0.2) |
−15.9 (3.4) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
4.3 (39.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
11.7 (53.1) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−4 (25) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −41.2 (−42.2) |
−40 (−40) |
−35 (−31) |
−21.1 (−6.0) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−15 (5) |
−25.5 (−13.9) |
−39.4 (−38.9) |
−41.2 (−42.2) |
| Record lowwind chill | −47.2 | −48 | −42.4 | −29.7 | −12.8 | −5.4 | 0.0 | −4.7 | −8.6 | −16.7 | −27.9 | −48.3 | −48.3 |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 74.3 (2.93) |
61.7 (2.43) |
71.3 (2.81) |
84.0 (3.31) |
94.3 (3.71) |
108.4 (4.27) |
109.5 (4.31) |
126.1 (4.96) |
94.8 (3.73) |
90.4 (3.56) |
99.1 (3.90) |
86.5 (3.41) |
1,100.4 (43.32) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 17.3 (0.68) |
16.6 (0.65) |
27.6 (1.09) |
63.3 (2.49) |
94.0 (3.70) |
108.4 (4.27) |
109.5 (4.31) |
126.1 (4.96) |
94.7 (3.73) |
87.5 (3.44) |
70.8 (2.79) |
32.0 (1.26) |
847.9 (33.38) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 68.2 (26.9) |
54.2 (21.3) |
48.2 (19.0) |
21.2 (8.3) |
0.37 (0.15) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.03 (0.01) |
3.2 (1.3) |
29.1 (11.5) |
62.1 (24.4) |
286.5 (112.8) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.2 mm) | 19.7 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 14.9 | 15.7 | 15.2 | 14.0 | 13.3 | 12.6 | 14.0 | 17.2 | 19.1 | 187.1 |
| Average rainy days(≥ 0.2 mm) | 3.5 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 12.2 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 13.8 | 14.5 | 13.0 | 13.7 | 11.5 | 5.4 | 127.5 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.2 cm) | 18.9 | 14.3 | 10.9 | 5.6 | 0.21 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.07 | 1.5 | 8.6 | 16.2 | 76.3 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 84.5 | 107.8 | 137.7 | 159.8 | 212.3 | 234.6 | 257.0 | 231.3 | 165.6 | 118.9 | 67.9 | 67.6 | 1,844.9 |
| Percentpossible sunshine | 29.8 | 36.9 | 37.4 | 39.5 | 46.1 | 50.1 | 54.2 | 52.9 | 43.9 | 34.9 | 23.7 | 24.8 | 39.5 |
| Source:Environment Canada[19][22][23][24][25] | |||||||||||||
Neighbourhoods
editThe city includes several neighbourhoods:
- Le quartier universitaire
- Le Vieux-Nord
- Collinsville
- Secteur Galvin
- L'Est
- Ascot
- Mi-Vallon
- du Pin-Solitaire
- Le Petit Canada
Demographics
editCity of Sherbrooke
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1871 | 4,432 | — |
| 1881 | 7,227 | +63.1% |
| 1891 | 10,097 | +39.7% |
| 1901 | 11,765 | +16.5% |
| 1911 | 16,405 | +39.4% |
| 1921 | 23,515 | +43.3% |
| 1931 | 28,933 | +23.0% |
| 1941 | 35,965 | +24.3% |
| 1951 | 50,543 | +40.5% |
| 1956 | 58,668 | +16.1% |
| 1961 | 66,554 | +13.4% |
| 1966 | 75,690 | +13.7% |
| 1971 | 80,711 | +6.6% |
| 1976 | 76,804 | −4.8% |
| 1981 | 74,075 | −3.6% |
| 1986 | 74,478 | +0.5% |
| 1991 | 76,429 | +2.6% |
| 1996 | 76,786 | +0.5% |
| 2001 | 75,916 | −1.1% |
| 2006* | 147,427 | +94.2% |
| 2011 | 154,601 | +4.9% |
| 2016 | 161,323 | +4.3% |
| 2021 | 172,950 | +7.2% |
(*) Sherbrooke annexed the City of Bromptonville, the City of Fleurimont, the City of Lennoxville, the City of Rock-Forest, the Municipality of Ascot and the Municipality of Deauville. | ||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1871 | 8,532 | — |
| 1881 | 12,410 | +45.5% |
| 1891 | 15,930 | +28.4% |
| 1901 | 18,724 | +17.5% |
| 1911 | 23,865 | +27.5% |
| 1921 | 33,624 | +40.9% |
| 1931 | 39,323 | +16.9% |
| 1941 | 47,614 | +21.1% |
| 1951 | 63,608 | +33.6% |
| 1956 | 72,789 | +14.4% |
| 1961 | 82,939 | +13.9% |
| 1966 | 94,988 | +14.5% |
| 1971 | 103,083 | +8.5% |
| 1976 | 111,137 | +7.8% |
| 1981 | 117,848 | +6.0% |
| 1986 | 122,282 | +3.8% |
| 1991 | 131,123 | +7.2% |
| 1996 | 136,681 | +4.2% |
| 2001 | 139,388 | +2.0% |
| 2006 | 147,427 | +5.8% |
| 2011 | 154,601 | +4.9% |
| 2016 | 161,323 | +4.3% |
| 2021 | 172,950 | +7.2% |
In the2021 Census of Populationconducted byStatistics Canada,Sherbrooke had a population of172,950living in80,476of its86,019total private dwellings, a change of7.2% from its 2016 population of161,323.With a land area of 353.4 km2(136.4 sq mi), it had a population density of489.4/km2(1,267.5/sq mi) in 2021.[28]
| 2021 | 2016 | 2011 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 172,950 (+7.2% from 2016) | 161,323 (+4.3% from 2011) | 154,601 (+4.9% from 2006) |
| Land area | 353.40 km2(136.45 sq mi) | 353.76 km2(136.59 sq mi) | 353.49 km2(136.48 sq mi) |
| Population density | 489.4/km2(1,268/sq mi) | 456.0/km2(1,181/sq mi) | 437.4/km2(1,133/sq mi) |
| Median age | 41.2 (M: 39.2, F: 42.8) | 40.5 (M: 38.5, F: 42.5) | 40.2 (M: 38.0, F: 42.3) |
| Private dwellings | 86,019 (total) | 80,341 (total) | 75,880 (total) |
| Median household income | $62,400 | $51,706 | $46,468 |
Language
editAs of 2021, 86.4% of Sherbrooke residents spokeFrenchas a first language, while those whose mother tongue wasEnglishaccounted for 3.9%. The next most common first languages wereSpanish(2%),Arabic(1.3%) andDari(0.7%)
Ethnicity
editAs of 2021, approximately 88.7% of Sherbrooke residents were white, while 9.6% werevisible minoritiesand 1.7% wereIndigenous.The largest visible minority groups in Sherbrooke were black (3.1%), Latin American (2%),Arab(1.7%), andWest Asian(1%).
| Panethnic group |
2021[34] | 2016[35] | 2011[36] | 2006[37] | 2001[38] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |||||
| White[a] | 148,235 | 88.67% | 143,110 | 91.58% | 140,695 | 93.64% | 137,040 | 94.78% | 70,625 | 96.37% | ||||
| Black | 5,215 | 3.12% | 3,515 | 2.25% | 2,530 | 1.68% | 1,780 | 1.23% | 745 | 1.02% | ||||
| Middle Eastern[b] | 4,530 | 2.71% | 3,235 | 2.07% | 1,825 | 1.21% | 1,410 | 0.98% | 590 | 0.81% | ||||
| Latin American | 3,410 | 2.04% | 2,705 | 1.73% | 2,110 | 1.4% | 2,005 | 1.39% | 690 | 0.94% | ||||
| Indigenous | 2,820 | 1.69% | 1,720 | 1.1% | 1,345 | 0.9% | 865 | 0.6% | 140 | 0.19% | ||||
| East Asian[c] | 965 | 0.58% | 655 | 0.42% | 475 | 0.32% | 620 | 0.43% | 105 | 0.14% | ||||
| Southeast Asian[d] | 760 | 0.45% | 530 | 0.34% | 605 | 0.4% | 390 | 0.27% | 260 | 0.35% | ||||
| South Asian | 710 | 0.42% | 450 | 0.29% | 455 | 0.3% | 310 | 0.21% | 85 | 0.12% | ||||
| Other/multiracial[e] | 540 | 0.32% | 340 | 0.22% | 210 | 0.14% | 170 | 0.12% | 40 | 0.05% | ||||
| Total responses | 167,180 | 96.66% | 156,260 | 96.86% | 150,255 | 97.19% | 144,595 | 98.08% | 73,285 | 96.53% | ||||
| Total population | 172,950 | 100% | 161,323 | 100% | 154,601 | 100% | 147,427 | 100% | 75,916 | 100% | ||||
| Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses | ||||||||||||||
| Ethnic origin | Population | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Canadian | 57,945 | 34.6 |
| French | 43,525 | 26.0 |
| Québécois | 21,100 | 12.6 |
| Irish | 8,400 | 5.0 |
| North American Aboriginal | 7,605 | 4.5 |
| English | 4,570 | 2.7 |
| Scottish | 3,245 | 1.9 |
| Italian | 2,790 | 1.6 |
| German | 2,305 | 1.3 |
Sherbrooke CMA
edit
TheCensus Metropolitan Area (CMA)comprises the cities of Sherbrooke,MagogandWaterville,the municipalities ofAscot Corner,Compton,Saint-Denis-de-Brompton,StokeandVal-Joli;the township municipalities ofHatleyandOrford;and the village municipality ofNorth Hatley.The population in 2021 was 227,398. The median age was 43.
Approximately 90.5% of the greater Sherbrooke area residents were white, while 7.7% were visible minorities and 1.8% wereAboriginal.[4]
French wasmother tongueto 87.3% of residents. The next most common mother tongues were English (4.5%), Spanish (1.6%), Arabic (1.0%) Dari (0.5%), Mandarin (0.2%), Portuguese (0.2%) and Serbian (0.2%).[4]
About 55.7% of the population identified asCatholicin 2021 while 32.2% said they had no religious affiliation, 2.9% wereMuslim,0.5%Anglican,0.5%Eastern Orthodox,0.4%Jehovah's Witnessand 0.4%Baptist.United ChurchandPentecostalsmade up 0.3% of the population each whilebuddhistmade 0.2%.
Economy
edit
Sherbrooke, which is the economic centre ofEstrie,is a significant cultural, industrial, and academic hub in the province. The city is directly served by two railways: theSt. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroadand theCanadian Pacific Railway.Sherbrooke is also served by four highways as well as the regional airport namedSherbrooke Airportbut located in the nearby city ofCookshire-Eaton.Sherbrooke Airport no longer offers scheduled passenger services as of March 2010.
According to data from theInstitut de la statistique du Québec,average personal incomeper capitain theCensus Metropolitan Area (CMA)of Sherbrooke amounted toCA$30,976 in 2010.[39]Estrie'sGDPfor the same year was $9.59 billion.[40]
The hockey equipment manufacturerSherwoodwas founded in Sherbrooke in 1949. The city is also home to the hockey puck manufacturerInglasco.
- Largest employers
As of 2010, the largest employers in Sherbrooke areUniversité de Sherbrooke(6,000 employees),Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke(5,511),Commission scolaire de la Région-de-Sherbrooke(3,050), Centre de santé et de services sociaux – Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke (2,650), City of Sherbrooke (1,913),Desjardins Group(1,713),Cégep de Sherbrooke(800), Centre Jeunesse de l'Estrie (527),Nordia Inc.(500),Canada Post(497),Kruger Inc.- Publication papers business unit (455),Bishop's University(450) andMcDonald's(400).[41]These include enterprises operating in Sherbrooke only and having 400 or more employees.
Arts and culture
edit
In the summer season, several festivals, concerts, and events are held in the city, such as theFête du Lac des Nations,Sherblues & Folk,and theFestival des traditions du monde.Come winter, the city hosts theCarnaval de Sherbrooke.
The city hasBritish architectural heritage,as seen in the buildings inVieux-Nord.[citation needed]
Sherbrooke has the fourth largest theatre in Quebec, the Maurice O'Bready University Cultural Centre of Sherbrooke (Salle Maurice-O’bready du centre culturel de l’Université de Sherbrooke). Music, theatre, and dance shows are staged there. The Centennial Theatre ofBishop's Universityalso hosts music and dance concerts from around the world. The Vieux Clocher, owned by theUniversité de Sherbrooke,has two stages, the primary being used by various music groups and comedians from around the province. TheThéâtre Granada,designated as a historical site by the Canadian government, holds music concerts. It has retained its original architecture since its opening. ThePetit Théâtre de Sherbrooke,located downtown, presents musicals and plays for children.[43]
Since 2007, theCentre des arts de la scène Jean-Besré(CASJB), built by the city with the support of theMinistry of Culture and Communications,has assisted in the creation and production of material for the region's artistic community.[44]It serves as the location for training theatre, music, and dance professionals. It contains three rehearsal studios, a production room, a decoration workshop, and a costume workshop, as well as administrative offices for each of its resident companies.
Auditoriums
edit- Salle Maurice-O'Bready
- Granada Theatre
- Centennial Theatre
- Vieux Clocher
- Le Petit Théâtre de Sherbrooke
- Théâtre Léonard Saint-Laurent
- Salle Alfred-Des Rochers
Libraries
edit- La bibliothèque municipale Éva-Senécal, the main city library (opened 22 December 1990), is named forÉva Senécal(1905-1988), poet, novelist and journalist.
- La bibliothèque du secteur de Rock Forest
- La bibliothèque du secteur de Saint-Élie
- La bibliothèque Gisèle-Bergeron
- La bibliothèque deLennoxville,at the intersection of rue Queen and rue College, near Bishop's University, offers a book lending service in French and English.
Attractions
edit
Museums and visitors' centres
edit- Sherbrooke Nature and Science Museum
- Centre d'interprétation de l'histoire de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke Museum of Fine Arts
- Centre culturel et du patrimoine Uplands
- Art gallery at the Centre Culturel of Sherbrooke University
- Centre d'art actuel Sporobole
- Prison Winter
Parks
edit- Johnville Bog & Forest Park
- Forêt jardinée de l'aéroport de SherbrookeSherbrooke has parks andgreenspacesthat encompass a variety of recreational activities. In total, there are 108 in the municipality.[45]Parks Jacques-Cartier,Mont Bellevue,Bois Beckett, Lucien-Blanchard, Central, Quintal, Victoria, and Marais Réal-D.-Carbonneau are among the most popular destinations.
- Jacques-Cartier Park
Jacques-Cartier Park
- Situated alonglac des Nations,this park is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) away from the downtown area and is connected to the lac des Nations promenade. It contains several sports facilities including soccer fields and tennis courts. Several festivals are held here including theFête du Lac des Nations,the Carnaval de Sherbooke, the festivities for theFête NationaleandCanada Day.
- Mont Bellevue Park
Mounts Bellevue (left) and John-S.-Bourque (right), as seen across the Magog River
- This park is the largest in Sherbrooke, with an area of 200 hectares (490 acres). Situated partially on the campus of theUniversité de Sherbrooke,it is managed by the city and developed by volunteer organizationRegroupement du Mont-Bellevue.Within the park are mounts Bellevue and John-S.-Bourque, the former of which has a small ski station. The park is also used for cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, walking, andtubingin winter; as well as hiking, mountain biking, archery, tennis, and jogging in summer. The park contains a total of 30 kilometres (19 mi) of trails and several different types of ecosystems.[46]
- Bois Beckett Park
- This park was established on an old maple grove that belonged to Major Henry Beckett between 1834 and 1870. The property remained in his family until it was acquired by the city in 1963.[47]In 2000, theMinistère de Ressources naturelles et de la Faunerecognized the property as anold-growth forest.[48]The oldest tree is said to be 270 years old.[49]The park is maintained, protected and promoted by a volunteer group. Several trails have been built by the city which are open year-round. Within the park, there are several artifacts left behind by Beckett, such as foundations, wells, and farm equipment.
- Lucien-Blanchard Park
Armand-Nadeau Pavilion in Jacques-Cartier Park
- Situated 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of downtown on the bank of theMagog River,this park is open to several outdoor activities such as swimming and beach volleyball. Bicycles, canoes, kayaks, paddle boats, anddragon boatsare available for rent. There is aninterpretation centrewith an emphasis on the reptiles and amphibians of the region as well as a boutique.
- Central Park
- At the heart of theRock Forest–Saint-Élie–Deauvilleborough, this park is equipped for soccer, tennis, baseball, beach volleyball, and has a playground and an outdoor pool.
- Quintal Park
- Formerly calledParc Central de Fleurimont,this park is situated in the borough ofFleurimont,and mirrors Central Park of Rock Forest-Saint-Élie-Deauville. In early July, the Pif Classic baseball tournament is held in the park, and in August, it hosts theFestival des Traditions du Monde.
- Victoria and Sylvie-Daigle Parks
- Across Terrill Street from one another, these parks are situated just east of downtown. Inside these parks lie pedestrian trails, Olympic-size soccer fields, a handicap accessible outdoor pool, and a sports complex.[50]This multifunctional facility, called theCentre MultiSport Roland-Dussault,has an artificial turf allowing local teams the opportunity to practise indoor soccer, baseball, football, rugby, and so on. There is a hockey arena.
- Marais Réal-D.-Carbonneau
Le Marais Réal-D.-Carbonneau
- Located near theSaint-François River,this marsh was developed by CHARMES, a non-profit management corporation that seeks to promoteecotourismin and around Sherbrooke.[51]The park is located on 40 hectares (99 acres) of land and allows visitors access to wooden piers and observation towers, where there are over 50 tree and shrub species and birds.[52]
Sports
editBaseball
editThe Sherbrooke Expos of theLigue de Baseball Majeur du Québec,an amateur baseball league, play their home games atAmedée Roy Stadium.
The city also hosted some games of the2002 World Junior Baseball Championship,[53]and the2013 Canada Games.[54]
Historically, several professional teams based in Sherbrooke competed inMinor League Baseballor inindependent baseball leagues:[55]
| Season(s) | Team | League | Classification |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1940 | Sherbrooke Braves | Quebec Provincial League | Class B |
| 1946 | Sherbrooke Canadians | Border League | Class C |
| 1947 | Sherbrooke Black Sox | Quebec Provincial League | Independent |
| 1948–1949 | Sherbrooke Athletics | Provincial League | |
| 1950–1951 | Class C | ||
| 1953–1955 | Sherbrooke Indians | ||
| 1972–1973 | Sherbrooke Pirates | Eastern League | Double-A |
Ice hockey
editTheSherbrooke Phoenixis a junior hockey team playing in theQuebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League.
TheSherbrooke Canadienscompeted in theAmerican Hockey Leaguefrom 1984 to 1990.
Government
edit
Sherbrooke is the seat of thejudicial districtof Saint-François.[56]
Municipal
editLocal governance is provided by theSherbrooke City Council.The mayor is Évelyne Beaudin.[57]
Under the2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec,Sherbrooke merged with most of the suburban municipalities in the surrounding area: Rock Forest, Saint-Élie-d'Orford, Deauville, Fleurimont, Bromptonville, Ascot, and Lennoxville. This resulted in the creation of sixBoroughs of Sherbrooke:Brompton,Fleurimont,Lennoxville,Mont-Bellevue,Rock Forest–Saint-Élie–Deauville,andJacques-Cartier.Each of the boroughs is subdivided intoelectoral districts,with the number varying based on population. For example, there are only two districts in Brompton, which only has 6,314 inhabitants, whereas Fleurimont (pop. 40,824) has five. Sherbrooke has 21 districts total, for which the average population is 7,200 inhabitants.
| Borough | Population | City councillors |
|---|---|---|
| Brompton | 5,956 | 3 |
| Fleurimont | 41,276 | 5 |
| Jacques-Cartier | 30,229 | 4 |
| Lennoxville | 5,195 | 3 |
| Mont-Bellevue | 33,377 | 4 |
| Rock Forest–Saint-Élie–Deauville | 29,191 | 4 |
Federal and provincial
editSherbrooke is split into the federal electoral districts ofSherbrooke,represented byÉlisabeth Brièreof theLiberal party of CanadaandCompton—Stanstead,represented byMarie-Claude Bibeauof theLiberals.
Provincially, Sherbrooke is divided into three electoral districts.Sherbrookeis represented byChristine Labrieof theQuébec solidaire(QS),Saint-Françoisis represented byGuy Hardyof the PLQ andRichmondis represented byKarine Vallièresof the PLQ.
| Year | Liberal | Conservative | Bloc Québécois | New Democratic | Green | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 37% | 31,803 | 14% | 12,239 | 30% | 26,097 | 12% | 10,636 | 3% | 2,347 | |
| 2019 | 31% | 27,575 | 11% | 9,873 | 28% | 24,967 | 23% | 20,409 | 5% | 4,188 | |
| Year | CAQ | Liberal | QC solidaire | Parti Québécois | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 31% | 26,790 | 22% | 19,132 | 28% | 23,722 | 16% | 13,437 | |
| 2014 | 19% | 15,494 | 36% | 29,608 | 10% | 8,355 | 32% | 26,133 | |
Public safety
editIn 2007, thecrime ratewas 5,491 per 100,000.[60]
Military
edit
Sherbrooke does not host any units from theRegular Forcewith the exception of a recruiting centre, but fourPrimary Reserveunits are stationed in the city:
- 52ndField Ambulance,formerly known as 8th Medical Company.
- 714th Communication Squadron
- Les Fusiliers de Sherbrooke
- TheSherbrooke Hussars,formed from the amalgamation of The Sherbrooke Regiment and the 7th/11th Hussars in 1965.
A Canadian military artifact is preserved at the William Street Armoury:the Sherman tank "Bomb".The tank helped liberate Europe fighting with theSherbrooke Fusilier Regimentand is the only Canadian tank to have landed on the Normandy beach onD-Day;it fought through toVE Daywithout being knocked out.[citation needed]
Infrastructure
editTransportation
editTransdev Limocarprovides bus service toMontrealviaGranbyandMagog.Formerly, Autobus Jordez linked Sherbrooke toDrummondvilleandTrois-Rivières,and also toVictoriavilleandQuebec City,but since the company lost their licence to operate heavy vehicles,[61]they have sold their licence to Autobus La Québécoise, who now provide the service.
Société de transport de Sherbrooke(STS) provides bus service within the city. It operates 18 bus routes, 10 minibus routes, 7 express routes, 3 taxibus routes, and 3 microbus routes.
The city is located at the eastern terminus ofA-10,and directly on the Autoroute Trans-Québécoise (A-55). A-10 provides a direct freeway connection to Montreal and points west, while A-55 connects directly to Trois-Rivières,Shawinigan,and points north, as well as toInterstate 91to the south (Vermont).A-410andA-610are the southern and northern bypass roads, respectively.
The last passenger train for the city wasVIA Rail's Montreal – Saint John, New BrunswickAtlantic,which ended service in 1994. There have been recent proposals to provide rail service from Montreal to Boston with a stop in Sherbrooke.[62]
Sherbrooke Airport,inCookshire-Eatonis just east of the city. There are currently no scheduled flights operating out of the airport.[citation needed]
Public health
editThe suburban Sherbrooke University Hospital ( "CHUS"[63]or "Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbooke) has over 5,200 employees, including 550 doctors. It includes a clinical research facility, the Étienne-Lebel Research Centre.
Education
editEducation represents an important part of Sherbrooke, both as part of the city's character and as a principal domain of employment, employing about 11,000 people in itscollegesanduniversities.The city has approximately 40,000postsecondarystudents, of which about 17,000 are university students.[64]
Postsecondary
editSherbrooke has five academic institutions that make up the Sherbrooke University Pole, providing both English and French education. Students in university comprise a total 10.32% of the city's population, the highest concentration in the province.[64]
The city is the location of one French-language university, theUniversité de Sherbrooke,which alone has more than 31,000 students annually. The programs are split among 8 differentfaculties,the largest of which being ineducation,medicine,andmanagementwith around 7,900, 5,000 and 4,800 students per year respectively.[65]3,000 of the university's students areinternational students,coming from around 100 different countries and territories. About half of the foreign students come fromFrance,as they are exempt from additionaltuition feesas part of a student mobility agreement between the Québec and French governments.[66]The university is split into three different campuses: the main campus, the Health campus located in upper Fleurimont, and the campus inLongueuil.[65]
One of the province's three English-language universities,Bishop's University,is also located in Sherbrooke; more specifically, it is in the borough ofLennoxville.The school brings in around 3,000 students annually, mainly forundergraduateprograms. It is subdivided into three faculties and schools, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, the School of Education, and theWilliams School of Business.[67]
There are threecégepsin Sherbrooke. Two of them French-language, theCégep de Sherbrookeand theSéminaire de Sherbrooke), and one is English-language (Champlain College Lennoxville).
Primary and secondary education
editThe city'spublicprimary and secondary schools are run by either the French-languageCentre de services scolaire de la Région-de-Sherbrookeor the English-languageEastern Townships School Board.The CSSRS educates around 25,000 students and employs 4,000teachers,support staff, andadministrativestaff.[68]
Sherbrooke has a total of six public secondary schools:
- Alexander Galt Regional High School
- École internationale du Phare
- École le Goéland
- École secondaire Mitchell-Montcalm
- École secondaire de la Montée
- École secondaire du Triolet
Sherbrooke also has fourprivateschools that offer secondary education:
- Bishop's College School
- Le Salésien
- Séminaire de Sherbrooke
- Collège Mont-Notre-Dame
Media
editSee also
editNotes
edit- ^Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
- ^Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
- ^Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
- ^Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
- ^Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority,n.i.e."and" Multiple visible minorities "under visible minority section on census.
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- ^pronounced "Shoe"
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External links
edit