Wikipedia

Shibuya

(Redirected fromShibuya, Tokyo)
For other uses, seeShibuya (disambiguation).

Shibuya(渋 cốcKhu,Shibuya-ku,IPA:[ɕibɯja]ⓘ)is aspecial wardinTokyo,Japan.A major commercial center, Shibuya houses two of the busiest railway stations in the world,Shibuya StationandShinjuku Station.

Shibuya
渋 cốc khu
Special ward
Shibuya City
Takeshita Street inHarajuku
Flag of Shibuya
Flag
Official seal of Shibuya
Seal
Location of Shibuya in Tokyo
Location of Shibuya in Tokyo
Shibuya is located in Special wards of Tokyo
Shibuya
Shibuya
Shibuya is located in Tokyo
Shibuya
Shibuya
Shibuya (Tokyo)
Shibuya is located in Kanto Area
Shibuya
Shibuya
Shibuya (Kanto Area)
Shibuya is located in Japan
Shibuya
Shibuya
Shibuya (Japan)
Coordinates:35°39′34″N139°42′02″E/ 35.65944°N 139.70056°E/35.65944; 139.70056
CountryJapan
RegionKantō
PrefectureTokyo
Government
• MayorKen Hasebe[ja](since April 2015)
Area
• Total
15.11 km2(5.83 sq mi)
Population
(October 1, 2020[1])
• Total
243,883
• Density16,140/km2(41,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9(Japan Standard Time)
Symbols
• TreeZelkova serrata
• FlowerIris ensata
City officeShibuya 1-18-21, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8010
Websitewww.city.shibuya.tokyo.jp

As of January 1, 2024, Shibuya Ward has an estimatedpopulationof 230,609 in 142,443 households[2]and apopulation densityof 15,262.01 people per square kilometre (39,528.4 people/sq mi). The total area is 15.11 km2(5.83 sq mi). Notable neighborhoods and districts of Shibuya includeHarajuku,Ebisu,Omotesandō,YoyogiandSendagaya.

Shibuya came into the possession of the Shibuya clan in the early 1160s, after which the area was named. The branch of the clan that ruled this area was defeated by theLater Hōjō clanon 13 January 1524, during theSengoku period,and the area then came under their control.[3]During theEdo period,Shibuya, particularlyMaruyamachōonDōgenzaka,prospered as a town on Oyama Road (present-dayRoute 246), and in theMeiji era,as aHanamachi.Shibuya emerged as a railway terminus during the expansion of the railway network beginning in the 19th century, and was incorporated as a ward in theCity of Tokyoon 1 October 1932.[4]

Shibuya, once a mediocre area developed around the railway terminus, overtookShinjukuas a hub for youth culture in the 1970s. The coinciding competition betweenSeibu(whose most notable development projects includeShibuya 109) andTokyu(Tokyu Hands) to develop the area as a commercial center added to its appeal to young people, which in turn spread to other neighborhoods in the ward, such asHarajuku.[5][6]

History

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Maruyamachōwas the commercial center of the area in the Edo period.

Shibuya came into the possession of the Shibuya clan in the early 1160s, after which the area was named. The clan was a cadet branch of the Taira clan descended fromTaira no Yoshifumi.The clan built a fortress near the present-day Konnō Hachimangu Shrine. The branch of the clan that ruled this area was defeated by theLater Hōjō clanon 13 January 1524, during theSengoku period,and the area then came under their control.[3]During theEdo period,Shibuya, particularlyMaruyamachōonDōgenzaka,prospered as a town on Oyama Road (present-dayRoute 246), and in theMeiji era,as aHanamachi.

Thevillageof Shibuya was incorporated in 1889 by the merger of the villages of Kami-Shibuya, Naka-Shibuya and Shimo-Shibuya withinMinami-Toshima County(Toyotama County from 1896). The village covered the territory of modern-day Shibuya Station area as well as theHiroo,Daikanyama,Aoyama,andEbisuareas. Shibuya became atownin 1909. The town of Shibuya merged with the neighboring towns of Sendagaya (which included the modernSenda,HarajukuandJingumaeareas) andYoyohata(which included the modernYoyogiandHataareas) to form Shibuya-kusuburban wardupon being absorbed intoTokyo Cityin 1932. Shibuya became an urban special ward under theLocal Autonomy Actin 1947.

TheTokyu Toyoko Lineopened in 1932, making Shibuya a key terminal between Tokyo andYokohama,and was joined by the forerunner of theKeio Inokashira Linein 1933 and the forerunner of theTokyo Metro Ginza Linein 1938. The story ofHachikō,a dog who waited for his deceased master at Shibuya Station every day from 1923 to 1935, created a national sensation due to his unwavering loyalty. Astatue of Hachikōwas built adjacent to the station, and the surrounding Hachikō Square is now one of the most popular meeting points in the area.

Aerial photo of Shibuya Station,c. 1960

During theoccupation of Japan,Yoyogi Parkwas used as a housing compound for U.S. personnel known as "Washington Heights". The U.S. military left in 1964, and much of the park was repurposed as venues for the1964 Summer Olympics.The ward itself served as part of theathletics50 km walk and marathon course during the 1964 games.[7]

In the mid-1990s,Shibuya-kei,amicrogenreof pop music, became mainstream in Japan. Distinguished by a "cut-and-paste" approach, it peaked in the late 1990s and declined after its principal players began moving onto other music styles.

Shibuya Stream,a skyscraper and retail complex, was completed in 2018. The East Wing of a mixed-used skyscraper,Shibuya Scramble Square,was completed in August 2019. A shopping mall, Shibuya Fukuras, was completed in October 2019.

Miyashita Parkclosed in 2017 and reopened in July 2020 as a shopping complex with a rooftop park.

Geography

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South of Shibuya in 2020

Shibuya includes many well-known commercial and residential districts such asDaikanyama,Ebisu,Harajuku,Hiroo,Higashi,Omotesandō,Sendagaya,andYoyogi.

Districts

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Shibuya seen fromRoppongi Hills Mori Tower

Demographics

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Per Japanese census data, the population is rising again after decline between 1960 and 2000.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1950181,244—
1960282,687+56.0%
1970274,491−2.9%
1980247,035−10.0%
1990205,625−16.8%
2000196,682−4.3%
2010204,492+4.0%
2020243,883+19.3%
Source: Censuses[8]

Politics and government

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Shibuya is run by a city assembly of 34 elected members. The mayor is Ken Hasebe, anindependent.

Elections

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Same-sex partnership certificate

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In 2015, as the council passed "Ordinance for Promoting Respect of Gender Equality and Diversity in the Ward",[9]Shibuya Ward became the first Japanese municipality that issuessame-sex partnershipcertificates.[10]According to this ordinance, same-sex couples who live in Shibuya are allowed "to rent apartments together, and have gained hospital visitation rights as family members".[10]The ordinance was intended to bring three benefits to same-sex couples: "(1) rental housing within the ward (co-signing of tenancy agreements for municipal/public housing), (2) medical institutions within the ward (hospital visitation and medical decision-making rights as family members), and (3) employment conditions within the ward (e.g. family benefits, congratulations and condolence leave)".[9]In order to apply for the certificate, couples must be 20-years-old or older residents of Shibuya Ward and have to state that "their relationship is based on love and mutual trust" in a notarized document.[11]Koyuki Higashi (a former member of theTakarazuka Revue) and Hiroko Masuhara (an entrepreneur), a lesbian couple, were the first to receive this certification.[11]Since the Shibuya Ward passed the ordinance, seven other municipalities in Japan have begun offering similar certificates.[12]

TheBBCnotes that in practice, the ordinance is not binding, though their names will be posted on the ward's website if they violate the ordinance.[13]Shimizu says the system "is not equivalent to marriage, as it does not accord same-sex couples the same rights as heterosexual couples when it comes to inheritance, joint filing of taxes, or social welfare".[9]As it requires at least a hundred thousand yen to apply for the certificate, it can be restrictive to some couples.[14]Shimizu argues that Shibuya Ward has been criticized forpinkwashingas "while passing this ordinance, the administration also moved to expel the homeless inMiyashita Parkand other parks in the ward ".[9]Pointing out that the mayor of Shibuya Ward in an interview stated that this is not a matter of human rights, but of diversity, Yuri Horie claimed that the term of diversity seems to be used to divide citizens into the good and the bad; it raises only the ones who contribute to the consumeristic society as representer of "diversity of sexuality" while excluding the useless ones.[15]Yuki Tsuchiya, a lesbian activist, also argues that LGBT individuals are used to promote the ward.[16]

Sightseeing and local landmarks

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Shibuya's scramble crossing from Shibuya Sky observation deck

Shibuya is famous for itsscramble crossing,calledShibuya Crossing.[17]It is located in front of theShibuya StationHachikō exit and stops vehicles in all directions to allow pedestrians to inundate the entire intersection. Shibuya Crossing is the "world's busiest pedestrian crossing", with upwards of 3,000 people at a time.[18][19][20]A statueof the dogHachikō,remembered for his unwavering loyalty to his deceased owner, is installed outside Shibuya Station. The statue and its surrounding Hachikō Square are a common meeting place and are almost always crowded. On the southwest side of Shibuya Station, there is aMoyai statue,given to Shibuya by the people ofNiijima Islandin 1980.

Green areas

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Yoyogi Park

Commercial complexes

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Shibuya Scramble Square
andShibuya Hikarie(left)

Cultural institutions

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Religious institutions

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Meiji Shrine

Streets

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Omotesandō
Love hotels concentrated in Dōgenzaka

Others

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Yoyogi National Gymnasium

Transportation

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Aerial view around Shibuya Station in June 1963
The former Tokyu Toyoko Line station (now demolished)
Shuto Expressway No.3 Shibuya Route

Rail

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The main station in Shibuya isShibuya Station.The southern half ofShinjuku Station,including the New South Entrance, is located in Shibuya.

Highway

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Economy

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NTT Docomo Yoyogi Building

Several companies are headquartered in Shibuya.

Calpis,[22]Casio,[23]Mixi,[24]Niwango,[25]Nihon Dempa Kogyo,[26]andTokyu Corporationhave their headquarters in Shibuya.[27]East Japan Railway Company[28]have their headquarters inYoyogi,Shibuya.81 Producehas its headquarters inTomigaya,Shibuya.[29][30]

Former operations

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At one timeSmilesofthad its headquarters in the CT Sasazuka Building in Shibuya.[31]In May 1985 the headquarters ofBandai Visualmoved to Shibuya. In March 1990 the headquarters moved toShinjuku.[32]

A.D. Vision - Tokyo, Y.K., the Japanese subsidiary ofA.D. Vision,was in Shibuya.[33]Acclaim Entertainmentonce had its Tokyo office in the Nomora Building.[34]The Japanese subsidiary ofTitus Interactive,Titus Japan K.K., had its head office on the eighth floor of the Kotubuki Dogenzaka Building inDōgenzaka.[35]The former animation studio;Group TACwas also located here.

Square Enixheadquarters were located in Yoyogi before moving to Shinjuku in 2012.[36]

Companies

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Education

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Aoyama Gakuin Majima Memorial Hall

Colleges and universities

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Primary and secondary schools

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TheShibuya City Board of Education[ja]operates public elementary and junior high schools, whileTokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Educationoperates public senior high schools.

  • Aoyama Gakuin Elementary, Junior and Senior High School—private co-ed school, in Shibuya, affiliated withAoyama Gakuin University
  • Aoyama High School[ja]—public co-ed school, in Jingūmae
  • The British School in TokyoShibuya Campus
  • First Commercial High School—public co-ed school, inDaikanyama
  • Fujimigaoka Junior and Senior High School—private girls' school, in Sasazuka
  • Hiroo Gakuen Junior and Senior High School—private co-ed school, inHiroo
  • Hiroo High School—public co-ed school, inHigashi
  • International School of Sacred Heart,in Hiroo
  • Jingūmae International Exchange School (JIES), within the Shibuya Ward Jingūmae Elementary School inOmotesando
  • Jissen Joshi-Gakuen Elementary, Junior and Senior High School—private girls' school, in Higashi, affiliated withJissen Women's University
  • Kantō International Senior High School—private co-ed school, in Honchō
  • Kokugakuin Senior High School—private co-ed school, in Jingūmae

Public combined elementary and junior high schools[48][49]

Junior high schools:[48]

Elementary schools:[49]

Public libraries

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Shibuya operates several public libraries, including the Central Library, the Nishihara Library, the Shibuya Library, the Tomigaya Library, the Sasazuka Library, the Honmachi Library, and the Rinsen Library. In addition, the Yoyogi Youth Hall houses the Yoyogi Library Room.[50]

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Shibuya has appeared in the mangaAlice in Borderland,Jujutsu Kaisenwith its 'Shibuya Incident' arc,Super GALS! Kotobuki Ran,Tokyo RevengersandYa Boy Kongming!.

It has featured in the television seriesJellyfish Can't Swim in the Night.

It has also appeared in the videogamesChaos;Head,Ghostwire: Tokyo,Hatsune Miku: Colorful Stage!,Persona 5,The World Ends With You,Neo: The World Ends with YouandTokyo Mirage Sessions ♯FE.

International relations

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Friendship city

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International organization offices in Shibuya

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United Nations University Headquarters Building

There are following offices at theUnited Nations UniversityHeadquarters Building inJingūmae,Shibuya.[52]

Diplomatic missions in Shibuya

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Embassy ofCroatiainHiroo, Shibuya

Following countries operate their embassies in Shibuya.[53]

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  • Shibuya crossing at ground level
  • View from the Sky View observation deck
  • Shibuya crossing at night
  • Streets of Shibuya at night
  • "The Iceberg",building in Shibuya

See also

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Similar venues with electronic billboards, jumbotrons and media towers.

References

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  1. ^"Population by District".Tokyo Statistical Yearbook.RetrievedJuly 15,2022.
  2. ^"Đinh đinh mục biệt thế đái sổ cập び nhân khẩu | 渋 cốc khu ポータル".Shibuya City Official Website(in Japanese).RetrievedMay 7,2024.
  3. ^ab"ご kỳ nguyện ・ご tham 拝｜【 kim vương bát phiên cung 】｜ đông kinh đô 渋 cốc khu đông kinh đô 渋 cốc khu ｜ kim vương bát phiên cung について".www.konno-hachimangu.jp.RetrievedNovember 13,2024.
  4. ^"渋 cốc khu の lịch sử | khu の thiệu giới | 渋 cốc khu ポータル".www.city.shibuya.tokyo.jp(in Japanese).RetrievedNovember 13,2024.
  5. ^"｢ đông cấp vs tây võ ｣ hoài かしき渋 cốc の" nhiệt cuồng thời đại "を siêm る".Đông dương kinh tế オンライン(in Japanese). January 5, 2023.RetrievedNovember 13,2024.
  6. ^"渋 cốc の đông cấp ・ tây võ はいかにして “Tiêu phí văn hóa の tượng trưng” となったのか―― đông cấp bổn điếm giải thể で khảo える ".アーバンライフ đông kinh(in Japanese). February 10, 2019.RetrievedNovember 13,2024.
  7. ^1964 Summer Olympics official report.Volume 2. Part 1. p. 74.
  8. ^"Statistics Bureau Home Page".www.stat.go.jp.
  9. ^abcdShimizu, Yudai (2015)."Shibuya Wardʼs" Same-sex Partnership Ordinance ""(PDF).CGS Newsletter.18:5.
  10. ^ab.McCurry, Justin (November 5, 2015)."Same-sex couple receives Japan's first 'partnership' certificate".the Guardian.RetrievedApril 16,2018.
  11. ^abMurai, Shusuke (November 5, 2015)."Tokyo's Shibuya and Setagaya wards issue first same-sex partnership papers".The Japan Times Online.ISSN0447-5763.RetrievedApril 18,2018.
  12. ^Koide, Daiki (March 15, 2018).Cung kỳ ) cung đại の học sinh đồng tính パートナーシップ điều lệ án đề xuất: Triều nhật tân văn デジタル.Triều nhật tân văn デジタル(in Japanese).RetrievedApril 16,2018.
  13. ^"Tokyo ward certifies 'gay marriage'".BBC News.March 31, 2015.RetrievedApril 16,2018.
  14. ^渋 cốc khu の đồng tính hôn điều lệ に nghi vấn の thanh “Phí dụng 10 vạn viên” thân thỉnh しないカップルも.Đông スポＷeb - đông kinh スポーツ tân văn xã(in Japanese). February 25, 2016.RetrievedApril 16,2018.
  15. ^Domon, Minoru (May 18, 2016).“レズビアン” という sinh き phương キリスト giáo のなかで “Tính” や “Ái” を khảo える đại phản thánh パウロ giáo hội で giảng diễn hội ( １ ).クリスチャントゥデイ(in Japanese).RetrievedApril 16,2018.
  16. ^渋 cốc khu “Đồng tính hôn điều lệ” にダメ xuất し đương sự giả から xuất てきた lãnh ややかな thanh.Đông スポＷeb - đông kinh スポーツ tân văn xã(in Japanese). March 28, 2015.RetrievedApril 19,2018.
  17. ^Murray Buechner, Maryanne."Tokyo: 10 Things To Do".Time: Travel.Archived fromthe originalon May 25, 2009.
  18. ^Tỉnh thượng huệ nhất lãng (April 22, 2016). "【 đông kinh はてな】 渋 cốc giao soa điểm, 1 hồi で3 thiên nhân hoành đoạn?".Triều nhật tân văn(in Japanese). p. 29.
  19. ^"渋 cốc スクランブル giao soa điểm ―― thế giới で tối もワイルドな giao soa điểm にようこそ"(in Japanese). CNN.co.jp. August 25, 2019. Archived fromthe originalon September 23, 2020.RetrievedSeptember 26,2019.
  20. ^"The World's Busiest Pedestrian Crossing".WorldAtlas.March 5, 2018. Archived fromthe originalon August 12, 2020.RetrievedApril 13,2020.
  21. ^Kunaicho |The Imperial Palace and other Imperial Household Establishments
  22. ^"Company OutlineArchived2010-02-05 at theWayback Machine."Calpis.Retrieved on February 12, 2010.
  23. ^"Corporate."Casio.Retrieved on February 25, 2009
  24. ^"Company OverviewArchivedSeptember 14, 2017, at theWayback Machine."Mixi.Retrieved on April 3, 2012. "Headquarter address Sumitomo Fudosan Shibuya First Tower 7F, 1-2-20 Higashi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0011, Japan"
  25. ^"Hội xã tình báoArchivedFebruary 21, 2015, at theWayback Machine."Niwango.Retrieved on February 26, 2011. "〒150-0001 đông kinh đô 渋 cốc khu thần cung tiền 1-15-2 ニコニコ bổn xã ビル."
  26. ^"Profile."Nihon Dempa Kogyo.Retrieved on May 16, 2019.
  27. ^"Hội xã khái yếuArchived2009-11-22 at theWayback Machine."Tokyu Corporation.Retrieved on November 27, 2009.
  28. ^East Japan Railway Company."JR East Corporate Data".RetrievedJune 20,2009.(in English)
  29. ^Chu thức hội xã 81プロデュース hội xã khái yếu.81 Produce.RetrievedApril 5,2010.
  30. ^Chu thức hội xã 81プロデュース アクセスマップ.81 Produce.RetrievedApril 5,2010.
  31. ^"Hội xã khái yếu."Smilesoft. February 12, 2002. Retrieved on February 11, 2010.
  32. ^"HistoryArchivedFebruary 17, 2007, at theWayback Machine."Bandai Visual.Retrieved on March 16, 2010.
  33. ^"Contact ADVArchived2009-08-02 at theWayback Machine."A.D. Vision.Retrieved on May 8, 2009.
  34. ^"Worldwide locations."Acclaim Entertainment.June 23, 2000. Retrieved on July 8, 2010.
  35. ^"Contact."Titus Interactive.3 June 2004. Retrieved on 4 September 2012.
  36. ^"Hội xã khái yếu".Square Enix.RetrievedOctober 17,2020.
  37. ^"Nhật bổn アムウェイ ( Amway ) の hội xã khái yếu ｜ nhật bổn アムウェイ ( Amway ) công thức xí nghiệp サイト".Amway.RetrievedOctober 17,2020.
  38. ^"Company Profile".RetrievedOctober 17,2020.
  39. ^"Profile."Campbells SoupJapan.Retrieved on November 10, 2008.
  40. ^"Overview".CyberAgent. March 18, 1998.RetrievedOctober 17,2020.
  41. ^"Corporate Data".East Japan Railway Company.RetrievedOctober 17,2020.
  42. ^"Company Profile".GAP.RetrievedOctober 17,2020.
  43. ^"Global Expansion and Business Locations".Ito En.RetrievedOctober 17,2020.
  44. ^"Summary".NHK.RetrievedOctober 17,2020.
  45. ^"About".Papas.RetrievedOctober 17,2020.
  46. ^"Office".Sapporo Breweries.RetrievedOctober 17,2020.
  47. ^"Contact Locations Worldwide".Trend Micro.RetrievedOctober 17,2020.
  48. ^ab"Học giáo biệt thông học khu vực ( trung học giáo )".Shibuya.RetrievedNovember 6,2022.
  49. ^ab"Học giáo biệt thông học khu vực ( tiểu học giáo )".Shibuya.RetrievedNovember 6,2022.
  50. ^"Shibuya City Office／Library".City.shibuya.tokyo.jp.RetrievedFebruary 7,2014.
  51. ^"Hữu hảo đô thị hiệp định の đế kết"(in Japanese). Shibuya City Government. March 17, 2023.RetrievedNovember 19,2023.
  52. ^"International Organizations".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.September 11, 2023.RetrievedNovember 19,2023.
  53. ^"Ngoại quốc công quán"(in Japanese). Shibuya City Government. March 17, 2023.RetrievedNovember 19,2023.
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