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Sindhudurg district

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Sindhudurg district(Marathi pronunciation:[sin̪d̪ʱud̪uɾɡə]) is an administrativedistrictof theKonkan divisionin India, which was carved out of the erstwhileRatnagiri district.The district headquarters are located atOros.The district occupies an area of approximately 5,207 km2and has a population of 849,651, of which 12.59% were urban (as of 2011).[1]As of 2011, it is the least populous district of Maharashtra (out of36).[2]

Sindhudurg District
DistrictofMaharashtra
Clockwise from top-left:Sindhudurg Fort,sunset atSawantwadi,Tirlot Bridge,Amboli Ghat,Chivla Beach
Location in Maharashtra
Location in Maharashtra
CountryIndia
StateMaharashtra
DivisionKonkan
HeadquartersOros
Talukas1.Dodamarg,2.Sawantwadi,3.Vengurla,4.Kudal,5.Malvan,6.Kankavli,7.Devgad,8.Vaibhavwadi
Government
• BodySindhudurg Zilla Parishad
• Guardian MinisterRavindra Chavan
(Cabinet Minister MH)
• President Z. P. SindhudurgNA
• District CollectorMs. K. Manjulekshmi (IAS)
• CEO Z. P. SindhudurgNA
•MPsNarayan Rane
(Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg)
Area
• Total
5,207 km2(2,010 sq mi)
Population
(2011)
• Total
849,651
• Density160/km2(420/sq mi)
•Urban
12.59%
Demographics
•Literacy85.56%
• Sex ratio1,036
Time zoneUTC+05:30(IST)
Major highwaysNH-66
Average annual precipitation3,287 mm
Websitesindhudurg.nic.in/en/
Map of Sindhudurg district with itstalukas
Tirlot Bridge, north of Amberi

History

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Sindhudurg district was established on 1 May 1981.

The word 'Konkan' is of Indian origin and considerable antiquity, though the origin of the name has never been definitively explained. The seven kingdoms of the Konkan of mythology are mentioned in the History of Kashmir and are said to have included nearly the whole west coast of India. ThePandavasare said to have passed through this region in the 13th year of their exile and to have settled in this area for some time. The Raja of this region, Veerat Ray, accompanied them in thewar at Kurukshetrawith theKauravas.[3]

In the middle of the sixth century, kings of theMauryaandNaladynasties appear to have ruled in the Konkan. The district ofRatnagiriwas under theSilahars,and the capital of their kingdom was probably Goa. Later it may have been relocated to a more central place in the vicinity of Ratnagiri or Kharepatan.Chandrapurwas one of the most ancient towns in Konkan, probably founded byChandraditya,son of theChalukyakingPulakeshin II.[3]

The 16th century saw the advent and rise of Portuguese power on the west coast of India and Sindhudurg was not immune. The sultan lost his hold on the district in 1675 with the rise ofChhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj,and the district became part of theMaratha Empire.Marathas continued to rule the district till 1817, when the conflict between the British and thePeshwasconcluded and the whole of Konkan was transferred to the British.[3]

In 1819 South Konkan was formed as separate district with its headquarters first atBankotand later at Ratnagiri. Three northern subdivisions were transferred toThane districtin 1830 and the district was reduced to a sub-collectorate level under Thane district. In 1832, it was again made a full-fledged district and named Ratnagiri district. In the year 1945, a newMahal(tahsil) called Kankavli Mahal (tahsil) was formed. The former Indian state ofSawantwadiwas merged with the district and the taluka boundaries reorganized in the year 1949. In the same year the new taluka of Sawantwadi was created and two new mahals, Kudal and Lanja, were formed. With thereorganization of statesin 1956, the district was included inBombay Stateand since 1960, it is a part of Maharashtra. The name of the district has been adopted from the sea fort of Sindhudurg. This was built by Shivaji Maharaj nearMalwanand its name literally means ‘Sea Fort’. Its construction started on 25 November 1664 and was completed in three years, designed such that it could not be seen easily by enemies coming from theArabian Sea.[3]

Sindhudurg district is the southern part of theKonkan coastwhich is historically known for its long coast line and safe harbours. Sindhudurg district was earlier a part of Ratnagiri district. For administrative convenience and industrial and agricultural development, Ratnagiri district was divided into Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg with effect from 1 May 1981. Sindhudurg district now comprises the eight tahsils of Sawantwadi, Kudal, Vengurla, Malvan, Devgad, Kankavli, Vaibhavwadi and Dodamarg.

Geography

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Sindhudurg district is the southern most district of Maharashtra.[4]It has deposits of Iron, Bauxite and Manganese.[4]Sindhudurg is bordered on the north byRatnagiri district,on the south by the state ofGoa,on the west by theArabian Sea,and to the east across the crest of theWestern Ghatsor Sahyadris isKolhapur district.Sindhudurg is part of theKonkan(coastal) region, a narrowcoastal plainin western Maharashtra which lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.

Sindhudurg has a semi-tropical climate and remains warm and humid most of the year. It has three clear seasons: rainy (June–October), Winter (November–mid February) and Summer (mid February–May). Temperatures rise to a maximum of 32 °C and monsoon winds bring heavy rains (average rainfall 3240.10 mm).[citation needed]

The people of Sindhudurg district mostly speakKonkaniand a distinct dialect of Konkani called "Malvani";almost all are fluent inMarathias well.

Administrative Divisions

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The eight talukas of this district areDevgad,Kankavli,Malvan,Kudal,Sawantwadi,VengurlaandDodamargandVaibhavwadi.

There are three Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district. These areKankavli,Sawantwadi and Kudal. All of these are part of the Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg Lok Sabha constituency.[5]

  • Talukas:8
  • Towns:16
  • Municipal Councils:3
  • Nagar Panchayats:5
  • Gram Panchayats:433
  • Villages:743
  • Police Stations:9
  • Police Outposts:23

Tehsils and Panchayat Samiti

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  1. Dodamarg
  2. Sawantwadi
  3. Kudal
  4. Vengurla
  5. Malvan
  6. Kankavli
  7. Devgad
  8. Vaibhavwadi

Nagar Palika

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  1. Sawantwadi
  2. Malvan
  3. Vengurla

Nagar Panchayat

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  1. Kankavli
  2. Kudal
  3. Vabhave-Vaibhavwadi
  4. Devgad-Jamsande
  5. Kasai-Dodamarg

Proposed Nagar Palikas

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  1. Kankavli
  2. Kudal

Proposed Nagar Panchayats

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  1. Oros
  2. Vijaydurg
  3. Amboli
  4. Banda
  5. Nerur
  6. Rameshwar
  7. Majgaon
  8. Kalmath

Cities

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  1. Malvan
  2. Vengurla
  3. Sawantwadi
  4. Vaibhavwadi
  5. Devgad
  6. Kankavli
  7. Kudal
  8. Dodamarg
  9. Oros

Smaller Towns

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  1. Vijaydurg
  2. Amboli
  3. Banda
  4. Nerur
  5. Rameshwar
  6. Majgaon
  7. Kalmath
  8. Jamsande
  9. Vabhave
  10. Kasai

Villages

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  1. Kumbhawade
  2. Otvane
  3. Tulsuli
  4. Girye
  5. Shiroda
  6. Mhapan
  7. Mangaon
  8. Phondaghat
  9. Bhedshi
  10. Kot Kamte
  11. Kandalgaon
  12. Katta
  13. Gothos
  14. Talere
  15. Shirgaon
  16. Naringre
  17. Kharepatan
  18. Achara
  19. Sukalwad
  20. Khotale
  21. Hedul
  22. Vanygawde
  23. Kasal
  24. Pawashi
  25. Kadawal
  26. Trimbak
  27. Masure
  28. Bandiwade,(बांदिवडे) Malvan
  29. Shiroda
  30. Ghonsari
  31. Hivale
  32. Poip
  33. Tirlot
  34. Navanagar
  35. Amberi
  36. Waghotan
  37. Tirawade
  38. Redi
  39. Talvade Gate
  40. Tale Bazar
  41. Salgaon
  42. Bhuibawada- Vaibhavwadi
  43. Kunkeshwar
  44. Katwan
  45. Phanasgaon
  46. Undil
  47. Manache-Mutat
  48. Mathbudruk
  49. Budhavle
  50. Sanadave
  51. Masure
  52. Chouke
  53. Shivapur Kudal
  54. Ovaliye
  55. Padel
  56. Sarambal
  57. Verle
  58. Tulas
  59. Satuli
  60. Akeri
  61. Madkhol
  62. Karivade
  63. Sarmale
  64. Kesari
  65. Danoli, Sawantwadi
  66. Chaukul
  67. Fansavde
  68. Parpoli
  69. Tembavli

Agriculture

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Sindhudurg's major crops areRice,Coconut,Kokum,MangoandCashew,of which the last three are the major annual crops.

The irrigated area in Sindhudurg is 23.48%, through wells and small canals. 33,910 hectares of the district's agricultural land are irrigated, while 104,390 hectares are not. 74% of the total land holding in the district is held by small and marginal farmers. The district has 38,643 hectares of forest cover.

Irrigation

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  • Major projects: 2 (Tilari and Talamba)
  • Medium projects: 4
  • Small projects (state owned): 33
  • Small projects (Zilla Parishadowned): 460

Education

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  • Primary schools: Zilla Parishad operated – 1469, Private – 49
  • Secondary schools: Grantable institutions - 184, Central Government institutions: 1, Private: 22
  • Junior Colleges: 43
  • Senior Colleges: 7
  • D.Ed./ B.Ed. Colleges: 4 + 1
  • Medical Colleges Offering MBBS

In Sindhudurg, two colleges currently offer the MBBS program: 1.Government Medical College, Sindhudurg– Located in Oros, this college was established in 2021.

2.SSPM Medical College & Lifetime Hospital, Sindhudurg – Founded in 2017 in village Ranbambuli,Taluka Kudal, and offers 150 MBBS seats annually, approved byNMC.[6]

  • Engineering Colleges: 2
  • Polytechnic Colleges: 3
  • Industrial Training Institutes (ITI): 7 (1. Sawantwadi 2. Malvan 3. Deogad 4. Sindhudurgnagari 5. Vengurla 6. Phondaghat 7. Vaibhavwadi)
  • Art Institute: 1 [B. S. Bandekar College of Fine Art (Applied Art), Sawantwadi].[7]

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901543,058—
1911553,550+0.19%
1921531,211−0.41%
1931598,968+1.21%
1941637,574+0.63%
1951676,335+0.59%
1961724,817+0.69%
1971757,917+0.45%
1981780,891+0.30%
1991832,152+0.64%
2001868,825+0.43%
2011849,651−0.22%
source:[8]
Religions in Sindhudurg district (2011)[9]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 91.85%
Islam
 
 3.09%
Buddhism
 
 2.91%
Christianity
 
 1.82%
Other or not stated
 
 0.33%

According to the2011 censusSindhudurg district has apopulationof 849,651,[2]roughly equal to the nation ofQatar[10]or the US state ofSouth Dakota.[11]This gives it a population ranking of 474th in India (out of a total of640).[2]The district has a population density of 163 inhabitants per square kilometre (420/sq mi).[2]Itspopulation growth rateover the decade 2001–2011 was -2.21%. Sindhudurg has a sex ratio of 1037 females for every 1000 males, which is second highest in Maharashtra,[2]and aliteracy rateof 85.56%. 12.59% of the population live in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.54% and 0.82% of the population respectively.[2]

Languages in Sindhudurg district (2011)[12]

Marathi(91.22%)
Malwani(2.29%)
Konkani(1.65%)
Urdu(1.54%)
Hindi(1.33%)
Kannada(0.93%)
Others (1.04%)

At the time of the2011 Census of India,91.22% of the population spokeMarathi,2.29%Malwani,1.65%Konkani,[a]1.54%Urdu,1.33%Hindiand 0.93%Kannadaas their first language.[12]

Population Literacy
Overall 8,49,651 85.56%
Male 4,17,890 91.58%
Female 4,50.935 79.81%

Economy

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  • Banking sector: The district has
    • Nationalised banks (66 branches), Co-operative banks (106 branches) and rural banks (15 branches).
  • Fisheries
    • Sindhudurg has a sea coast length of 121 km. and anExclusive economic zonespanning 16000 km2.
    • Main fisheries centers of Sindhudurg are 8 - Vijaydurg, Devgad, Nivati, Achara, Malvan, Sarjekot, Vengurla, Shiroda
    • Total fish production: 19273 M. Tons
    • Fisheries Co.Op. Soc.: 34 (total members: 14216)

Transportation

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Sindhudurg is connected to the state capitalMumbaiby road through the erstwhile National Highway 17 (NH-17), now renumbered as NH-66.[13]This highway also connects the district to neighbouring Goa andKarnataka.There are regularMSRTCand private luxury buses connecting to adjoining cities likeKolhapur(110 km away from Kankavli),Belgaum(90 km from Sawantwadi City), Panaji – Goa (55 km away Sawantwadi & Vengurle). Towns and major villages are well connected to Mumbai as a large percentage of emigrants from the district are based in the Mumbai area. The district is also well connected byKonkan Railwayto Mumbai, Thane, Goa and other parts of the country likeMangalore,KarwarErnakulam,Thiruvananthapuram,Coimbatore,Tirunelveli,Hapa, Veraval, New Delhi, Jodhpur and Porbundar. The main railway stations on this route areKudal,KankavliandSawantwadi.Many trains halt at these stations. The nearest major airport isMopa airport&Dabolim Airportin Goa which is around 80 km from cities like Sawantwadi, Kudal and Vengurle.Sindhudurg Airportat Chipi-Parule, nearMalvanwas inaugurated in 2019.Currently Alliance Air, a subsidiary of Air India provides daily flight services to and from Mumbai & Fly91 provides alternate day flights to Bangalore & Hyderabad.[14]

Cuisine

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The cuisine of the district is popularly known asMalvani cuisine.Coconut, rice, and fish feature prominently in Malvani cuisine. Seafood, particularlyBangada,Paplet,prawns, andTisrya,is very popular.Kombdi Vade,also calledVade Sagoti,a chicken savory, is the most popular dish. Others includeUkadya Tandulachi Pej(उकड्या तांदळाची पेज – a semi-fluid boiled brown-red riceCongeepreparation) andSolkadhi(सोल कढी – A preparation made of sol (kokum) सोल and coconut milk). Dry fish is also a local delicacy - varieties includeSungataandGolmawhich are both dried prawn preparations.

Malvani cuisine differs from cuisines in the rest of Maharashtra, with dishes prepared using locally available spices and generally with little oil. Some popular Malvani dishes include

  • Kombadi Vade or Vade Sagoti (कोंबडी वडे thickpurismade of rice flour)
  • Ghavane – ras (घावने - Rice dosa with sweet coconut milk)
  • Amboli – Usal (आंबोळी उसळ - fermented rice dosa with spicy curry)
  • Shirvale (शिरवाळे - noodles served with sweet coconut milk)
  • Dhondas (धोंडस)
  • Fried fish and fish curry using Malvani spices
  • Solkadi (सोलकढी)
  • Khaprolya (खापरोळ्या)
  • Malvani Ukadiche Modak (SteamedModak)
  • Malvani Khaja (खा)
  • Nhevre/Karanjee (करंजी - Stuffed crunchy sweet delicacy)
  • Olya Kajuchi Usal
  • Pithi Bhat (पिठी-भात - Pithi is made of horsegram unlike thebesanprevalent across the rest of Maharashtra)
  • Ukdya Tandlachi Pej with
  • Phanasachi bhaji (Jackfruitdish)

Mangois a major influence on the socioeconomic life of Sindhudurg.Alphonso Mango(हापुस आंबा ) varieties fromDevgadare particularly popular. Other varieties of mango: Mankur (मानकुर), Goa Mankur, Keshar, Pāyari (पायरी), Karel (करेल – used for preparing Mango Pickle), and Rayval are also popular for their distinct taste. Jackfruit is also one of the most popular fruits of Sindhudurg.

Malvani cuisine also has many vegetarian dishes, including Garyache Sandan, Karmal pickle, Bimble, Amba Halad, Karadichi Bhakri, Kanyacha Sanja, Appe, Ghavan, Dalimichi Usual, and Kaju Usual, Raiwal Ambyacha Rayta, Yelapp.

Places of attraction

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Tourist destinations

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Temples

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Beaches

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Officer

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Members of Parliament

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  • Mr. Narayan Rane (BJP) Ratnagiri_Sindhudurg Constituency

Guardian Minister

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list of Guardian Minister

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Name Term of office
Deepak Kesarkar 5 December 2014 - 8 November 2019
Uday Samant 9 January 2020 - 27 June 2022
Anil ParabAdditional charge 27 June 2022 - 29 June 2022
Ravindra Chavan 24 September 2022- Incumbent

District Magistrate/Collector

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list of District Magistrate / Collector

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Name Term of office
Ms. K. Manjulekshmi (IAS) 2018 - Incumbent

References

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  1. ^"Sindhudurg District Population Census 2011, Maharashtra literacy sex ratio and density".www.census2011.co.in.Retrieved6 April2018.
  2. ^abcdef"District Census Hand Book – Sindhudurg"(PDF).Census of India.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  3. ^abcd"History".sindhudurg.nic.in.
  4. ^abSwami, V.N. (2020).D.C.C. Bank Clerk Grade Examination(in Marathi).Latur,India: Vidyabharti Publication. p. 113.
  5. ^"Election Commission, Maharashtra – No. of Voters 1.8.2006".maharashtra.gov.in.Archived fromthe originalon 10 October 2008.Retrieved6 April2018.
  6. ^"Sindhudurg Shikshan Prasarak Mandal Medical College and Lifetime Hospital, Sindhudurg: Courses, Admission 2025, Cutoff, Fees, Placements, Ranking".Careers360.Retrieved30 November2024.
  7. ^"B. S. Bandekar College of Fine Art – Step into the world of imagination".Retrieved30 November2024.
  8. ^Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  9. ^"Population by Religion - Maharashtra".censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.2011.
  10. ^US Directorate of Intelligence."Country Comparison:Population".Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2011.Retrieved1 October2011.Qatar 2,374,860 may 2015 est.
  11. ^"2010 Resident Population Data".U. S. Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon 27 December 2010.Retrieved30 September2011.South Dakota 814,180
  12. ^ab"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra".censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  13. ^"NH in state renumbered".The Hindu.21 November 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 24 November 2010.Retrieved9 October2012.
  14. ^"Work on Chipi airport takes off - Times of India".indiatimes.com.Retrieved6 April2018.
  15. ^"Kunkeshwar Temple and Beach | Sindhudurg".Konkanonline.com.Retrieved21 October2013.
  1. ^It seems some Konkani speakers were erronenously recorded as speaking Kukna in the census.
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