Somerville College, Oxford

Somerville College,aconstituent collegeof theUniversity of Oxfordin England, was founded in 1879 asSomerville Hall,one of its first twowomen's colleges.Amongits alumnaehave beenMargaret Thatcher,Indira Gandhi,Dorothy Hodgkin,Iris Murdoch,Philippa Foot,Vera BrittainandDorothy L. Sayers.It began admitting men in 1994.Its libraryis one of Oxford's largest college libraries. The college's liberal tonederives from its founding bysocial liberals,as Oxford's firstnon-denominationalcollege for women, unlike theAnglicanLady Margaret Hall,the other to open that year.In 1964, it was among the first to cease locking up at night to stop students staying out late.Nogownsare worn atformal halls.

Somerville College
University of Oxford
Somerville College Hall
Arms:Argent, three mullets in chevron reversed gules, between six crosses crosslet fitched sable
Location	Woodstock Road,Oxford OX2 6HD
Coordinates	51°45′33″N1°15′45″W
Full name	Somerville College in the University of Oxford
Latin name	Collegium de Somerville
Motto	Donec rursus impleat orbem (translated: Until it should fill the world again)
Established	1879(1879)
Named for	Mary Somerville
Previous names	Somerville Hall (1879–1894)
Colours
Sister college	Girton College, Cambridge
Principal	Baroness Royall of Blaisdon
Undergraduates	437(2020–21)
Postgraduates	235
Endowment	£95 million (2021)
Website	www.some.ox.ac.uk
Boat club	Somerville College Boat Club
Map
Location in Oxford city centre

In 2021 it was recognised as asanctuary campusbyCity of Sanctuary UK.It is one of three colleges to offer undergraduates on-site lodging throughout their course.It stands near theScience Area,University Parks,Oxford University Press,Jericho,andGreen Templeton,St Anne's,KebleandSt Benet's.Over a third of its 650 students are not from the UK.Over half the UK admissions are from state schools – close to the university average.Its total net assets in 2021 were £238 million,the seventh highest of an Oxford undergraduate college. Itssister collegeatCambridgeisGirton.

History

Founding

In June 1878, theAssociation for the Higher Education of Womenwas formed, aiming for the eventual creation of a college for women in Oxford. Some of the more prominent members of the association wereGeorge Granville Bradley,Master ofUniversity College,T. H. Green,a prominent liberal philosopher and Fellow ofBalliol College,andEdward Stuart Talbot,Warden ofKeble College.Talbot insisted on a specificallyAnglicaninstitution, which was unacceptable to most of the other members. The two parties eventually split, and Talbot's group (the "Christ Churchcamp ") foundedLady Margaret Hall,which opened its doors for students in 1879, the same year as Somerville did.

Thus, in 1879, a second committee was formed to create a college "in which no distinction will be made between students on the ground of their belonging to different religious denominations."This committee was called the "Balliolcamp "and had close ties to theLiberal Party.This second committee includedA. H. D. Acland,Thomas Hill Green,George William Kitchin,James Legge,Henry Nettleship,Walter Pater,Henry Francis Pelham,its chairmanJohn Percival,Grace Prestwich,Eleanor Smith,A. G. Vernon Harcourt,andMary Ward.Other people who assisted in the founding wereAnna Swanwick,Bertha Johnson,Charlotte Byron Green,andOwen Roberts.

The mathematician and scientistMary Somerville,1780–1872, after whom the college is named

This new effort resulted in the founding ofSomerville Hall,named after the then recently deceased Scottish mathematician and renowned scientific writerMary Somerville.It was felt that the name would reflect the virtues of liberalism and academic success which the college wished to embody.She was admired by the founders of the college as a scholar, as well as for her religious and political views, including her conviction that women should have equality in terms ofsuffrageand access to education.

Madeleine Shaw-Lefevrewas chosen as the first principal because, though not a well-known academic at the time, her background was felt to reflect the college's political stance.Because of its status as both women's college and non-denominational institution, Somerville was widely regarded within Oxford as "an eccentric and somewhat alarming institution."

Women's college

When it opened, Somerville Hall had twelve students, ranging in age between 17 and 36.The first 21 students from Somerville and Lady Margaret Hall attended lectures in rooms above a baker's shop onLittle Clarendon Street.Just two of the original 12 students admitted in 1879 remained in Oxford for three years, the period of residence required for male students to complete abachelor's degree.

Increasingly, however, as the college admitted more students, it became more formalised. Somerville appointed Lilla Haigh as its first in-house tutor in 1882,and by the end of the 1890s female students were permitted to attend lectures in almost all colleges.In 1891 it became the first women's hall to introduce entrance exams and in 1894 the first of the five women's halls of residence to adopt the title of college (changing its name to Somerville College),the first of them to appoint its own teaching staff, and the first to builda library.In Oxford legend it soon became known as the "bluestockingcollege ", its excellent examination results refuting the widespread belief that women were incapable of high academic achievement.

In the 1910s, Somerville became known for its support for thewomen's suffragecampaign.In 1920, Oxford University allowed women to matriculate and therefore gain degrees.From the college's inception, all female students had to be chaperoned when in the presence of male students. The practice was abolished in 1925, although male visitors to the college were still subject to a curfew.In the same year the college was granted its charter.

Somerville College Library with hyacinths

The Mutual Admiration Society

TheMutual Admiration Society(MAS)was aliterary society(orliterary circle) of women who became friends at Somerville College.Its members includedDorothy L. Sayers,Muriel St Clare Byrne,Charis Frankenburg,Dorothy Rowe, andAmphilis Throckmorton Middlemore,among others.

The society of the title was a real club. The members composed poetry and prose for each other's pleasure. Apart from Sayers, none of them was a household name, though all were notable.Mo Moultonargued in theirAgatha Award-winning book,The Mutual Admiration Society: How Dorothy L. Sayers and Her Oxford Circle Remade the World For Women,that each one lived a life worthy of attention.

Years later, the writer Vera Brittain — a Somerville contemporary of the group, but not one of its members — recalled that the MAS “took themselves very seriously”.

First World War

During theFirst World War,Somerville College together with theExamination Schoolsand other Oxford buildings were requisitioned by theWar Officeto create the Third Southern General Hospital, a facility for theRoyal Army Medical Corpsto treat military casualties.For the duration of the war, Somerville students relocated toOriel College.Because many male students had left Oxford to enlist in the military, Somerville was able to rentSt Mary Hall Quadwhich they bricked off from the rest of the college to segregate it from Oriel's remaining male students.Many students and tutors were involved in work in World War I and some of them went to theWestern Frontin France.

Notable patients who stayed in Somerville include the war poetsRobert Graves,Siegfried SassoonandR. E. Vernède.Sassoon arrived on 2 August 1916. Graves and Sassoon later reminisced about their time at Somerville Hospital:How unlike you to crib my idea of going to the Ladies' College at Oxford,Sassoon wrote to Graves in 1917, and called itvery much like Paradise.At Somerville College, Graves met his first love, a nurse and professional pianist called Marjorie. About his time at Somerville, he wrote:I enjoyed my stay at Somerville. The sun shone, and the discipline was easy.Alfred Millswas received in the hospital in 1916 and officerLlewelyn Daviesdied at the college.

Once the war ended, the return to normality between Oriel and Somerville was delayed, sparking both frustration and an incident in spring 1919 known as the "Oriel raid," in which male students made a hole in the wall dividing the sexes.In July 1919 the principal (Emily Penrose) and fellows returned to Somerville.Alumna Vera Brittain wrote about the impact of the war in Oxford and paid tribute to the work of the principal, Miss Penrose, in her memoirTestament of Youth.

Admission of men

Starting in the 1970s, the traditionally all-male colleges in Oxford began to admit female students.Since it was assumed that recruiting from a wider demographic would guarantee better students, there was pressure on single-sex colleges to change their policy to avoid falling down the rankings.All-female colleges, like Somerville, found it increasingly difficult to attract good applicants and fell to the bottom of the intercollegiate academic rankings during the period.

During the 1980s, there was much debate as to whether women's colleges should become mixed. Somerville remained a women's college until 1992, when its statutes were amended to permit male students and fellows; the first male fellows were appointed in 1993, and the first male students admitted in 1994.Somerville became the second-to-last college (afterSt Hilda's) to become coeducational.A 50 per cent male/female gender balance has been maintained to this day, though without formal quotas.

In the 1890s Somerville helped fashion the "New Woman"; a century later... the college has set itself the perhaps greater challenge of educating the "New Man."

— Pauline Adams,Somerville for Women(1996)

Buildings and grounds

House seen from the Quad

The college and its main entrance, the Porters' Lodge, are located at the southern end ofWoodstock Road,withLittle Clarendon Streetto the south,Walton Streetto the west and theRadcliffe Observatory Quarterto the north. The front of the college runs between theOxford Oratoryand theFaculty of Philosophy.Somerville has buildings of various architectural styles, many of which bear the names of former principals of the college, located around one of Oxford's biggestquads.Five buildings areGrade II-listed.

A 2017 archaeological evaluation of the site shows that in the medieval period the area now occupied by Somerville lay in fields beyond the boundary of Oxford. There is evidence of 17th-century building and earthworks beneath the site, some of which almost certainly relates to the defensive network placed around the city byRoyalistsduring theCivil War.There are also remains of some 19th-century buildings, including a stone-lined well.

Walton House

House seen from the east

The original building of Somerville Hall, Walton House (commonly called House) was built in 1826 and purchased fromSt John's Collegein 1880 amid fears that the men's colleges might, in the future, repossess the site for their own purposes.The house could only accommodate seven of the twelve students who came up to Oxford in the first year.In 1881, SirThomas Graham Jacksonwas commissioned to build a new south wing which could accommodate eleven more students. In 1892,Walter Caveadded a north wing and an extra storey. He also installed a gatehouse at the Woodstock Road entrance. In 1897/98, the Eleanor Smith Cottages were added, adjoining Walton House.

Today House is home to only one or two students, and, until 2014, it housed the college bar. It also contains Green Hall, where guests to college are often greeted and in which prospective students are registered and wait for interviews; some of the college's paintings byRoger Fryare located here.Most of the administration of college, and the academicpigeon-holesare in House, as is the Mary Somerville Room, a reception room featuring paintings by Mary Somerville,George RomneyandGeorge Frederic Watts.

Park

Park Building

Originally known as West, from its location in the college, the idea of building a second self-contained hall was inspired byNewnham College, Cambridge.It was designed byHarry Wilkinson Mooreand built in two stages. The 1885–1887 phase saw the construction of rooms for 18 students with their own dining-room, sitting rooms and vice-principal. This was a deliberate policy aimed at replicating the family environment that the women students had left.It had the effect of turning House and West into rivals.The second building stage (1888–1894) created two sets of tutors' rooms, a further 19 rooms and the West Lodge (now Park Lodge).In 2004 it was renamed Park in honour ofDaphne Park,Principal from 1980 to 1989.

Today there are over 60 student and fellows' rooms in the building along with a music room and a computer room. Park is a Grade II-listed building.

Library

Main article:Somerville College Library

Somerville College Library

The Grade II-listed library designed byBasil Champneysin 1903 was opened byJohn Morleythe following year. Specially for the opening,Demeterwas written byRobert Bridgesand performed for the first time. Somerville Library was the first purpose-built library in the women's colleges of the university. With some foresight it was designed to contain 60,000 volumes, although the college only possessed 6,000 when it opened. It now holds around 120,000 items (95,000 on open shelves), as one of the largest college libraries in the university.

Amelia Edwards,John Stuart Mill,John Ruskinand Vera Brittain have been notable benefactors to the library.It contains paintings by Mary Somerville,John Constable,Maud SumnerandPatrick George.

The John Stuart Mill room contains what was Mill's personal library in London at the time of his death, with annotations in many of the books.

The library dominates the north wing of the main quadrangle, having been designed to bring the college together, and is open 24 hours, with access to college-wide wifi, a group study room, and computing and printing facilities. It gives full satisfaction according to several annual student surveys.

Hall and Maitland

View of Hall and Maitland (right) from the quad

Hall

There was no hall large enough to seat the entire college until 1911, when Maitland Hall and Maitland, designed byEdmund FisherinQueen Anne styleandEdwardian Baroque,were opened byH. A. L. Fisher,the Vice-Chancellor of the university andGilbert Murray.Murray, whose translations of Greek drama were performed at Somerville in 1912 and 1946, supported Somerville in many ways, including endowing its first research fellowship. A fund was raised as a memorial toMiss Maitland,Principal of Somerville Hall (College from 1894) from 1889 to 1906, and the money was used to pay for oak panelling in Hall. The panelling of the south wall was designed to frame a portrait ofMary SomervillebyJohn Jackson.The buildings were constructed on the site of an adjoining building gifted to Somerville by E. J. Forester in 1897 and bought fromUniversityandBalliolColleges for £4,000 and £1,400 respectively.There was difficulty in constructing the buildings, now thought to have resulted from the outer limit of the Oxford city fortifications running under the site. In 1935,Morley Horderreconstructed the archway connecting Maitland Hall and the south wing of Walton House, creating a Reading Room off the main hall; in 1947,André Gidegave a lecture that filled both these rooms and the staircase and quadrangle outside.

Somerville's is the one Oxford dining hall where all portraits show women. They were painted byMichael Noakes,Herbert James Gunn,George Percy Jacomb-Hood,William Coldstream,John Whittall,Francis Helps,Claude Rogers,Humphrey Ocean,Thomas LeverittandRichard Twose.

Hall and Maitland form the east face of the main quad, as Grade II-listed buildings. The Senior Common Room is situated on the ground floor. The first floor holds the pantry and the hall, in which Formal Hall (called guest night) is held weekly in term time.

Maitland now houses few students, being mainly occupied by fellows' offices and the college IT office. The building, named after Principal Agnes Maitland, stands to the south of Hall.

Penrose

The Penrose block was designed by Harold Rogersin 1925 and its first students were installed in 1927. A row of poplars had to be removed in 1926 to construct the south-western end of the main quadrangle on the site of 119 and 119A Walton Street.It was refurbished in 2014, with carpets replacing the bare wooden floorboards, and new furniture. Penrose is named after DameEmily Penrose,third Principal of the college. It contains mainly first-year accommodation in about 30 rooms.

Darbishire

Darbishire Quad

Darbishire Quad was the culmination of a long-standing project to absorb Woodstock Road properties above the Oxford Oratory. In 1920, three houses (29, 31 and 33) were bought by the college from the vicar ofSt Giles' Church, Oxfordfor £1,300. The three had been constructed in 1859 and rented by the college before the purchase. The adjoiningWaggon and Horsespub was purchased from St John's College in 1923. These buildings were demolished in 1932–1933 together with the old Gate House.

Morley Horder was commissioned to build a quadrangle that would fill the space left by the demolished structures, using a loan of £12,000 fromChrist Church.The porters' lodge and New Council Room were constructed at the entrance to the quad, which housed undergraduates and fellows.The coat of arms of Somerville and of co-founderJohn Percival,first PrincipalMadeleine Shaw-Lefevreand Helen Darbishire were carved byEdmund Wareinside the quadrangle. The archway leading to Hall was added in 1938.

Originally the East Quadrangle, it was opened in June 1934 byLord Halifaxas "a notable addition to buildings of varying styles" (varii generis aedificiia additamentum nobile) in theCreweian Orationduring theEncaenia.Darbishire was renamed in 1962 in honour of the principal of the college during its construction,Helen Darbishire.

Today Darbishire contains some 50 student rooms, along with tutors' offices, the college archive and a medical room.The offices of theGlobal Ocean Commission,co-chaired byJosé María Figueres,Trevor ManuelandDavid Miliband,were housed in Darbishire as part of a partnership with Somerville in 2012–2016, when the organisation completed its work.

Darbishire Quad is described on the opening page ofGaudy Nightby alumna Dorothy L. Sayers. The clock was donated by alumnaEleanor Rathbone.

Chapel

Main article:Somerville College Chapel

Somerville College Chapelwith Vaughan on the right

Built largely with funds provided by alumnaEmily Georgiana Kempin 1935,Somerville Chapelreflects the non-denominational principle on which the college was founded in 1879. No religious tests were used for admission and non-denominational Christian prayers were said in college.

Instead of a chaplain, there is a "Chapel Director", in keeping with its non-denominational tradition. The chapel provides opportunities for Christian worship in addition to hosting speakers with a multiple range of religious perspectives.It holds an excellent mixed-voiceChoir of Somerville College,which tours and issues occasional recordings.

Hostel and Holtby

Hostel is a small block between House and Darbishire completed in 1950 byGeddes Hyslop.It houses 10 students on three floors. The Bursary is on the ground floor.

Holtby, designed in 1951 and completed in 1956 by Hyslop,lies above the library extension, adjacent to Park. It has ten rooms for undergraduates and is named after the alumnaWinifred Holtby.

Vaughan and Margery Fry & Elizabeth Nuffield House

Designed bySir Philip Dowsonbetween 1958 and 1966,VaughanandMargery Fry&Elizabeth NuffieldHouse (commonly shortened to Margery Fry) are both named for former principals of the college, while Elizabeth Nuffield was an important proponent of women's education and along with her husbandLord Nuffield,a financial benefactor of the college. Margery Fry was opened in 1964 byVijaya Lakshmi Panditand Vaughan in 1966. Constructed in the same architectural style, with an exterior concrete frame standing away from the walls of the interior edifice, the two buildings overlie a podium of shops and an arcaded walkway in Little Clarendon Street.

Vaughan is the larger of the two, with eleven rows to its concrete frame compared to eight.It is Grade II-listed and contains some 60 undergraduate rooms, smaller than those of Margery Fry and used exclusively for first-year students, along with the junior deans.Vaughan was refurbished in 2013, with new bathroom facilities, including, for the first time, sinks. Beneath the two buildings, a tunnel provides access to Somerville from Little Clarendon Street.

Margery Fry serves as the centre of the postgraduate student community at Somerville, with 24 graduate rooms. Other accommodation for graduate students is provided in buildings adjacent to the college.

Wolfson

Wolfson building

Sir Philip Dowson was commissioned to design a building at the back of the college to house undergraduates and offices for fellows and Wolfson. Like his other work in Somerville, it is constructed largely of glass and concrete; it is also Grade II listed.A four-storey building with five bays on each floor, Wolfson has impressive views of Walton Street from the rear and Somerville's main quadrangle from the front.Wolfson is named after the building's main benefactor,Sir Isaac Wolfson,and was opened in 1967 by PrincipalBarbara Craig,withHarold Macmillan,Dorothy Hodgkin and Lord Wolfson giving speeches.

The ground floor contains the Flora Anderson Hall (FAH) and Brittain-Williams Room, named after Vera Brittain andShirley Williams,the college's most famous mother-daughter alumnae. The room was designed in 2012 by the architectNiall McLaughlinand opened on 29 November 2013 by Williams at an event that included her unveiling a portrait of herself, which now hangs in the room.The FAH is used for lectures and events, notably college parties (or bops) and mock exams, known asCollections.

Margaret Thatcher Centre and Dorothy Hodgkin Quadrangle

Named after thealumna-Prime Minister,the MTC comprises a lecture room, ante room and lobby used for meetings, conferences and other internal college events. The lecture room has full AV facilities and for 60 seated patrons.A bust of Margaret Thatcher stands in the lobby and the meeting room has portraits of Somerville's two prime-minister alumnae: of Margaret Thatcher byMichael Noakesand Indira Gandhi by Sanjay Bhattacharyya.

The Dorothy Hodgkin Quad (DHQ) was conceived in 1985, completed in 1991 and named after Somerville's Nobel Prize-winner.The quadrangle is above the MTC and designed around self-contained flats of two and four bedrooms with communal kitchens, housing mainly finalists and some second-year students.

Architect Geoffrey Beard's scheme was submitted toOxford City Councilin 1986 and the energies of SirGeoffrey Leighand alumna and former principal BaronessDaphne Parkbrought support from around the world. The buildings were opened in 1991 by Margaret Thatcher, Dorothy Hodgkin, PrincipalCatherine Hughesand College Visitor BaronRoy Jenkins.

St Paul's Nursery

Somerville College was the first Oxford college to provide anurseryfor children of Fellows and staff and is still one of the few colleges to do so. Alumna Dorothy Hodgkin donated much of her Nobel Prize money to the project.St Paul's Nursery is also open to families unconnected with the college and cares for 16 children between the ages of three months and five years.

Radcliffe Observatory Quarter

ROQ East from outside the college

ROQ East and West flank the north side of Somerville and overlook the site of the university's newBlavatnik School of GovernmentandMathematical Institute.Completed in 2011, they were the first new buildings in the university'sRadcliffe Observatory Quarterand have won four awards for their architect Niall McLaughlin. The project was also awarded Oxford City Council's David Steel Sustainable Building Award, being commended for balancing Somerville's collegiate heritage with the need for energy efficiency. Energy-efficiency measures include renewable technologies such as solar thermal energy and ground source heat pumps.

The buildings house 68 students in en-suite rooms. There are several rooms and facilities designed to help those with disabilities, including lifts and adjoining carer rooms. The buildings were funded by donations of over £2.7 million from over 1,000 alumni and friends of the college and by a significant loan.There is now an unimpeded view of theRadcliffe Observatory.

The Terrace

The bar and café of the college, The Terrace, opened in 2013 (replacing the old bar in House) and is attached to the Vaughan building. It is housed in a mainly glass structure, with seating in the college colours of red and black. It has an open-airterracelooking down onLittle Clarendon Street.The Terrace has the usual pool table and bar facilities and serves the college drink, "Stone-cold Jane Austen", consisting of blueVK,Southern Comfort,andMagnerscider,as well as the "College Triple" and the non-alcoholic "Somerville Sunset".

Catherine Hughes Building

Named after Somerville's late principal in 1989–1996, theCatherine HughesBuilding was completed in October 2019 and provides 68 additional bedrooms. Designed byNiall McLaughlin Architects,it includes en suite bathrooms, kitchens and accessible rooms on every floor and a new communal study area for graduate students.

The red-brick building has a frontage onto Walton Street and additional access from the college gardens, aligning with key levels on the adjacent Penrose Building. The bedrooms are arranged in clusters with kitchens and circulation spaces forming social focal points.

The building's construction has given Somerville sufficient accommodation to be one of three Oxford colleges which can allow all students applying from 2017 to live in college for the entirety of their three or four-year undergraduate degree courses.

Gardens

Somerville is one of few Oxford colleges where students may walk on the grass. An unassuming frontage opens onto a vast green space looked after by two gardeners.The original site consisted of a paddock, an orchard and a vegetable garden and was bounded by large trees. It was home to a donkey, two cows, a pony and a pig.The paddock was soon transformed into tennis courts, where huge tents were erected during World War I. During World War II, large water tanks were dug in the Main Quad and in Darbishire Quad in case of firebombing, and the lawns dug up and planted with vegetables.

In the Main or Library Quad has a cedar planted byHarold Macmillanin 1976, after an earlier cedar fell victim to a winter storm. Another tree, aPicea likiangensis(var.rubescens), was planted in 2007 on the chapel lawn, providing Somerville with an outdoor Christmas tree.The library border of lavender andAgapanthusreferences thebluestockingreputation of Somerville. ThetoryblueCeratostigma willmottianumstands outside the Margaret Thatcher Centre. The garden outside the Thatcher Centre, now dedicated to Lisa Minoprio, was originally designed by the former director of theOxford Botanic Gardenand Lecturer in Plant SciencesTimothy Walker,and retains yellow and blue as its theme colours.

There are nods to Somerville's long-standing links withIndia,the most notable being a large specimen of the Indian horse chestnut,Aesculus indica,planted on the Library lawn in 2019. Features of interest include a narrow bed of low-growing Mediterranean plants in front of Wolfson in a modernist style, a varied selection of mature trees in the Library Quad, and large herbaceous borders containing emblematic Somerville thistles (Echinops).

The annual summer and winter bedding plants in Darbishire Quad, the beds outside the SCR, and those in pots around site have traditionally been in the Victorian style, to reflect the era of inception of the college. However, this is evolving due to a change in garden management in late 2019, with aims of following more environmentally friendly growing principles and developing a more contemporary style. The western wall of Penrose and the northern wall of Vaughan form a secluded area, historically known as the Fellows' Garden (currently in a transitional phase). It is distinct from the main quad and separated from it by a hedge and a wall, and which were previously kitchen gardens. This walled garden is home to a sundial, commissioned in 1926 and commemorating first principalMadeleine Shaw-Lefevre,and a garden roller gifted by the parents of tutorRose Sidgwick.

In 1962,Henry Moorelent his workFalling Warriorto the college andBarbara HepworthlentCoreshortly afterwards. There are also permanent sculptures byWendy Taylor,Friedrich WerthmannandSomervillianPolly Ionides.The most striking sculpture on site is Taylor'sTriad(1971), situated on the Chapel Lawn in front of Maitland building.

Student life

Somerville College in snow

In 2011 student satisfaction was rated in some categories as the highest in the university.Central to it is its large quad, onto which most accommodation blocks back; it is often filled with students in summer. Somerville is one of the few Oxford colleges where students (as opposed to just fellows) may walk on the grass.Somerville is sometimes nicknamedThe Ville.Formal Hallstake place on some Tuesdays and Fridays about six times a term.Nogownsare worn and thegraceisBenedictus benedicat.The college song isOmnes laetae nunc sodales.

Sports

Somerville has a gym beneath Vaughan with treadmills, cross-trainers and weights. It shares a sports ground withWadham CollegeandSt Hugh's College,inMarston Ferry Road.There are clubs and teams in men's and women's football, rugby (withCorpus Christi), mixed lacrosse, cricket, swimming, hockey, netball, basketball, pool, water polo, tennis, squash, badminton, cycling, golf, rounders, and croquet.

Both the Somerville cricket and netball team wonCuppersfor the 2014/15 season.The swimming team won Cuppers for the 2015/16 season.

Rowing

Rowing blade design ofSomerville College Boat Club

Main article:Somerville College Boat Club

Somerville formed a rowing team in 1921.It competes in both of the annual universitybumps races,TorpidsandSummer Eights.The women are the most successful women's rowing team at the university, having won the title Head of the River eight times in Summer Eights and five times in Torpids. The club shares the award-winningUniversity College BoathouseonThe IsiswithSt Peter's College,University CollegeandWolfson College.

Choir

Main article:Choir of Somerville College, Oxford

Somerville College Chapel

TheChoir of Somerville Collegeis mixed voice and led by the Director of Chapel Music, Will Dawes.In conjunction with the organ scholars, the choir is central to the musical life at the college.

There are regular concerts and cathedral visits, and recitals featuring soloists from the choir. In recent years it has toured Germany (2005 and 2009), Italy (2010) and the United States (2014 and 2016).It sings every term-time Sunday at the evening service. The organ of the college chapel is a traditionally voiced instrument byHarrison & Harrison.

Somerville offers up to five Choral Exhibitions a year to applicants reading any subject.

The college choir has released two CDs on theStone Recordslabel, "Requiem Aeternam" (2012)and "Advent Calendar" (2013).

Triennial Ball

Once every three years, Somerville hosts a ball jointly withJesus College, Oxford.The last, for over a thousand people, was held in April 2022 and the next ball will come in 2025.

However, the 2013 ball,The Last Ball,was mired in controversy reported in national news. The organisers had intended to display a livenurse sharkas entertainment. Permission for the shark was initially granted by the principalAlice Prochaska,but was subsequently revoked following student protests. The ball was widely condemned for poor organisation, examples of which included a lack of canapés and the presence of only one food stand, serving pork; the vegetarian options were said to run out quickly and revellers were reportedly set on fire by the pork rôtisserie.The Guardianreported "The ball descended into farce with guests questioning what the organisers had done with the money paid by 1,000 guests."

Academic reputation

Somerville's Position in the Norrington Table since 2006

Before men were admitted Somerville, under the principalship ofBarbara Craig,established a position at or near the head of theNorrington Table.Currently Somerville is in the lower half of the university's colleges for academic achievement. For the academic year 2018/19, it came 21st out of 30 in the Norrington Table, which lists the university's undergraduate colleges in order of their students' examination performances.The college has been recognised as a University College of Sanctuary by the UK charityCity of Sanctuary,and offers a fully-funded postgraduate Sanctuary scholarship.

University Challenge

Somerville has had recent success disproportionate to its size on the TV quiz showUniversity Challenge.It won the competition once, triumphing in theUniversity Challenge 2001–02series by beatingImperial College,London by 200 points to 185.CroatianquizzerDorjana Širolawas one of the contestants.Recently the college team reached the final of theUniversity Challenge 2013–14series, losing in the final toTrinity College, Cambridge,with a score of 135 to 240.

India

Somerville College plays a major role in relations between Oxford andIndia.Cornelia Sorabji,born in theBombay PresidencyofBritish India,became the first Indian woman to study at any British university, when she came to Somerville in 1889 to read law,while Indira Gandhi, India's first female prime minister, read Modern History at the college in 1937.Radhabai Subbarayan,the first woman member of theIndian Council of States(Rajya Sabha) studied at Somerville College as well,as did princessBamba Sutherland,the last surviving member of a family that had ruled theSikh Empirein thePunjab,and her sisterCatherine Hilda Duleep Singh.Otheralumniwith links to India includeMoon Moon Sen,Agnes de Selincourt,Smit Singh,Gurmehar Kaur,Hilda Stewart ReidandUtsa Patnaik.Former principal of Somerville CollegeBarbara Craigfrom 1967 to 1980 and fellowAditi Lahiriwere born inKolkata.

Sonia Gandhivisited Somerville in 2002 and presented a portrait of her late mother-in-law to her alma mater. Indira Gandhi received an honorary degree from the college in 1971.

In 2012, the college and Oxford University announced a £19 millionIndira Gandhi Centre for Sustainable Development.India provided £3 million and the university and college £5.5 million.The name was later changed to theOxford India Centre for Sustainable Development(OICSD).The OICSD carries out research on sustainable development challenges facing India and provides scholarships for outstanding Indian students.The centre now hosts 12 India scholars.A new building is planned in the Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, adjacent to the college's ROQ accommodation.

Somerville's choirwas in 2018 the first Oxford college choir to tour India.

People associated with Somerville

Main article:List of people associated with Somerville College, Oxford

Alumni

Margaret Thatcher,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990)

Indira Gandhi,Prime Minister of India (1966–77 and 1980–1984)

Somervilliansinclude Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and Indira Gandhi, Nobel Prize winning scientist Dorothy Hodgkin, television personalitiesEsther RantzenandSusie Dent,reformerCornelia Sorabji,writersMarjorie Boulton,A. S. Byatt,Vera Brittain,Susan Cooper,Penelope Fitzgerald,Winifred Holtby,Nicole Krauss,Iris Murdochand Dorothy L. Sayers, politiciansShirley Williams,Thérèse Coffey,Margaret JayandSam Gyimah,PrincessBamba Sutherlandandher sister,biologistMarian Dawkins,philosophersG. E. M. Anscombe,Patricia Churchland,Philippa FootandMary Midgley,psychologistAnne Treisman,archaeologistKathleen Kenyon,actressMoon Moon Sen,sopranoEmma Kirkby,bankerBaroness Vaderaand numerous (women's rights) activists.

Somerville alumnae have achieved an impressive number of "firsts", both (inter)nationally and at theUniversity of Oxford.Arguably the most prominent of these are: the first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher; the first, and only, British woman to win aNobel Prizein science Dorothy Hodgkin and the first woman to lead the world's largest democracy Indira Gandhi, who was Prime Minister of India for much of the 1970s.

Somerville has educated at least 28Dames,17headsofOxford colleges,11life peers,tenMPs,fourOlympicrowers,three ofThe 50 greatest British writers since 1945,twoprime ministers,twoprincesses,aqueen consort,and aNobel laureate.

Former students of Somerville belong to an alumni group, the Somerville Association, which was originally founded in 1888.

Fellows

Notablefellows of Somerville College(excluding alumni) include philosopherG. E. M. Anscombe,biochemistLouise Johnson,classical archaeologistMargarete Bieber,EgyptologistKäthe Bosse-Griffiths,classicistsEdith HallandLotte Labowsky,authorAlan Hollinghurst,astronomerChris Lintott,International Federation of University WomenfounderRose Sidgwick,botanistTimothy Walkerand philologistAnna Morpurgo Davies.

Principals

Baroness Royall of Blaisdon,the current principal

Main article:List of Principals of Somerville College, Oxford

The first principal of Somerville Hall wasMadeleine Shaw-Lefèvre(1879–1889). The first principal of Somerville College wasAgnes Catherine Maitland(1889–1906), when in 1894 it became the first of the five women's halls to adopt the title of college, the first to appoint its own teaching staff, the first to set an entrance examination, and the first to build a library. She was succeeded by the classical scholar Emily Penrose (1906–1926), who set up in 1903 theMary Somerville Research Fellowshipoffering women in Oxford opportunities for research.

The current principal isJanet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon,who took up the appointment in August 2017, succeedingAlice Prochaska.To date, seven principals have been alumnae of Somerville, two ofSt Hilda's College.

Coat of arms and motto

Like all Oxford colleges, Somerville has a variety of symbols and colours which are associated with it. The college's colours, which feature on thecollege scarfand on the blades of its boats, are red and black. The combination was originally adopted in the 1890s.Its flag has the shield from the arms on a yellow background.

The two colours also feature in the college'scoat of arms,which depicts threemulletsinchevronreversedgules,between sixcrosses crosslet fitchedsable.The college's motto,Donec rursus impleat orbem,was originally that of the family ofMary Somerville.Her family befriended the new hall, allowing it to adopt their arms and motto.TheLatinmotto itself is described as "baffling" as, although it translates as "Until It Should Fill the World Again", what thesubjectof the sentence ( "it" ) is left unspecified.Thecrest,which is often omitted, is a hand grasping acrescentand occasionally ahelmetwithmantlingis added.

In popular culture

• Themystery novelGaudy Nightby Dorothy L. Sayers featuringLord Peter Wimseyis set inShrewsbury College,which is a thinly veiled take on Sayers' own Somerville College (although in a different location).
• In the 2014 filmThe Amazing Spider-Man 2directed byMarc Webb,one of the protagonists,Gwen Stacy,is offered a place to study medicine at Somerville.Its coat of arms is featured in one scene.
• The 2014 biopicTestament of Youth,based on Brittain's memoir of the same name, substitutedMerton College, Oxfordin the scenes showing Brittain's time as a student at Somerville, arguing that filming in Somerville itself would have been too difficult in light of the new buildings constructed there since the film's time period.
• Somerville is the recognisable model for St Bride's College inMichaelmas Term at St Bride'sbyBrunette Coleman(Philip Larkin).
• In the filmIrisfrom 2001, telling of alumna Iris Murdoch and her relationship with her husbandJohn Bayley,whom she meets during a dinner at the Somerville.
• Somerville is featured in the BBC seriesTestament of Youth(1979).
• In the JapanesemangaseriesMaster Keaton,the main character married a mathematics student from Somerville.
• St Jerome's College inEndymion Springby alumnusMatthew Skeltonis based on Somerville. The cat Mephistopheles is based on the former college cat Pogo.
• Amory Clay, the main character inSweet CaressbyWilliam Boyd,was encouraged by her teacher to go to Somerville.
• Grace Ritchie, the protagonist inSlave Of The PassionbyDeirdre Wilsonhas gone up to Somerville.
• Helena Warner fromA Likeness in Stoneby Julia Wallis Martin, was a student of Somerville.
• Eleanor Drummond, the protagonist inDaddy's GirlbyValerie Mendes,went to Somerville.

References

Bibliography

• Adams, Pauline (1996).Somerville for Women: An Oxford College, 1879-1993.Oxford:Oxford University Press.ISBN9780199201822.
• Batson, Judy G. (2008).Her Oxford.Nashville:Vanderbilt University Press.ISBN978-0-8265-1610-7.
• Brockliss, L. W. B. (2016).The University of Oxford: A History.Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-924356-3.
• Fair, Alistair (2014). "'Brutalism Among the Ladies': Modern Architecture at Somerville College, Oxford, 1947—67 ".Architectural History.57:357–392.doi:10.1017/S0066622X00001465.JSTOR43489754.S2CID191089683.
• Harrison, Brian(1994).The History of the University of Oxford: Volume VIII: The Twentieth Century.Oxford:Clarendon Press.ISBN978-0198229742.
• Manuel, Anne (2013).Breaking New Ground: A History of Somerville College as seen through its Buildings.Oxford: Somerville College.
• du Ruvigny and Raineval, Marquis(1 October 2006) [1922].The Roll of Honour. A biographical record of all members of His Majesty's naval and military forces who have fallen in the war.Vol. IV. Naval & Military Press Ltd.ISBN978-1843425304.

Further reading

• Byrne, Muriel St. Clare;Hope Mansfield, Catherine (1922).Somerville College 1879–1921.Oxford: Oxford University Press.OCLC557727946.
• Salter, H. E.; Lobel, Mary D. (1954)."Somerville College".The Victoria History of the County of Oxford.Vol. 3: The University of Oxford. London: British History Online. pp. 343–347.
• Leonardi, Susan J. (1989).Dangerous by degrees: women at Oxford and the Somerville College novelists.New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press.ISBN9780813513669.
• Chapman, Allan (2007).Mary Somerville and the World of Science.Bristol: Canopus.ISBN9780953786848.

External links

• Official website
• JCR website
• MCR website
• Choir Website