Wikipedia

Southern Metropolis Daily

Southern Metropolis Daily(SMD) is a for-profit tabloid newspaper located inGuangzhou city,China,[1]and its circulation is throughout the greaterGuangdongandPearl River Deltaregion.[1]SMD is a constituent of the Nanfang Media Group, which is under the supervision of theGuangdong Provincial Committeeof theChinese Communist Party(CCP). The newspaper publishes daily, with 72 pages and multiple sections relating to consumer products, international affairs, sports, and other topics of the public interest.[2]

Southern Metropolis Daily
Nam phương đô thị báo
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatTabloid
Owner(s)Nanfang Media Group
EditorLiu Chen
Founded1997
Political alignmentLiberal
LanguageChinese (Simplified)
HeadquartersGuangzhou,China
Circulation1,690,000 (March 2012)
ISSN1004-5171
OCLCnumber144518464
Websitewww.nandu.com

SMD is best known for its investigative reporting. SMD has been involved in multiple scandals and controversies. Its best-known controversy is the publishing of the 'Sun Zhigang incident'[3]which resulted in the repeal of the force repatriation law.[3]This publishing also resulted in the imprisonment and torture of SMD journalists Cheng Yizhong, Li Minying, and Yu Huafeng.[2]

SMD's motto is "writing for the people."[2]in 2005, Cheng Yizhong was the laureate of theUNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prizefor his resistance toChinese censorship lawsandpolice corruption.[4][5]

History

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Origins

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Southern Metropolis Daily(SMD) was first created in 1995. It is located in theGuangzhou Cityof the greater Guangdong and Pearl River Delta area. It was first established as a weekly newspaper under the nameSouthern weekly.[5]It was created as a constituent branch of the Nanfang media group, all of which are a part of the Southern Media Group. The nameSouthern Metropoliswas extended toSouthern Metropolis Dailyin 1997 by The Nanfang Media Group, by which it was also established as a tabloid media form.[5]SMDcompetes with other daily newspapers in the Guangdong region; including but not limited toInformation Times,Southern Weekly,Yangcheng Evening NewsandGuangzhou Daily.TheSMDheadquarters was created in 1997, located in Guangzhou China which is where it still resides.SMDis written in simplified MandarinSMDhas a circulation of 1.845 million people.[6]SMDis a public media production company. It is ranked first amongst all local newspapers in the city of Guangzhou.[7]

The Renovation and transition from Southern Weekly to Southern Metropolis Daily

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In 1995, SMD a weekly newspaper at the time under the name 'Southern Weekly' was failing to profit off its weekly publications. This was because all newspapers at the time were mouthpieces for government statements and because government party officials began to limit the public funding to regional newspapers.[8]The Nanfang Media Group attempted to revive the newspaper however it failed due to limited private funding from advertisers and investors.[8]It was then decided by Nanfang Media Group to discontinue 'Southern Weekly' and create a new tabloid daily newspaper, the 'Southern Metropolis Daily. During this first renovation, SMD comprised 16 pages and employed 200 people in various sections within the newspaper.[9]In 1998, SMD changed its tabloid to feature a yellow and red colours masthead on the front page.[10]In the same year, SMD became the first and only daily tabloid to feature news regarding international relations and policy on its front page.[10]SMD also created 'consumer sections', each daily edition would feature different consumer products.[11][12]For example, automobile sales would be featured on Monday, and real estate agencies would advertise new property listings within the daily edition on Thursdays.[12][13]In December 1999, the circulation of SMD was recorded at 600000.[citation needed]Renovations continued with the lengthening of length from 16 pages in 1995 to 72 pages by 2000. In 2000, over 2000 people were employed at SMD with an average age of 27 years old.[14]

Pricing history

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Between the years 1997 and 2007 SMD editions were priced at 0.5 yuan(approximately 0.10AUD). This was the market standard price for all daily tabloids in theGuangdongandPearl River Deltaarea.SMDwas the first public newspaper in the province to increase its price to 1 yuan in early 2007. In early November 2007, SMD increased its price of the daily edition to 2 yuan, a 200% increase. Its yearly subscription package increased from 360 yuan to 720 yuan making it officially the most expensive daily newspaper tabloid in theGuangdongregion.[5]

Organisation

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News staff

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SMDreports on local, national, and international issues of public interest related to China. The newspaper has national correspondents throughout China, including Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Xi'an. SMD also has international correspondents in London and Cardiff.SMDAs of 2020, SMD employs between 4600 and 5000 employees.SMDhas a median employee tenure of 1.8 years and has experienced an 8% growth of employees between November 2020 and April 2021.[15]

Content

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Editorial stance

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SMD is a market-based newspaper outlet that aims to create profit. It is a for-profit newspaper with a liberal political alignment.SMDis known for its "Practise of western journalistic norms."[16]SMD focuses on reporting local events such as the Wenchuan earthquake and the Shanxi mining deaths. SMD provides statistical evidence and opinion-based journalism in its reports.[17]SMDengages with the local public by issuing surveys and conducting street interviews with citizens in order to provide multiple perspectives on reportings.[18]

Structure

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SMDprovides a daily publication 365 days of the year, this publication is between 70 and 90 pages. Every Saturday,SMDpublishes an "in depth weekly review" which is an investigative edition of the publication and reviews events covered in daily editions throughout that week.[6]Of the front page of the newspaper, 30% consists of the masthead andSouthern Metropolis Dailybanner, whilst 70% is an image or series of images with text.SMDcomprises six sections within its daily publication. These include feature article, cultural section, political section, economic section, investigative section history section, consumer section, international section.[19]

Style

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SMD is known for its colourful photographs and its populist style of writing, often breaching censorship laws in order to portray an uncensored depiction to the public.[2]SMD has an investigative style, often incorporating interviews with victims of crimes, police officials and people related to matters of the public interest.[2]SMD's motto is "writing for the people".[2]

Criticisms and controversies

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Dismissals and public resignations

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Employee dismissals in theSMDoften occur due to journalist/editor writing styles which do not align with SMD's editorial stance. This is due to strict censorship laws in China. These laws prohibit the publication of viewpoints which are considered "slanderous" to the Chinese government.[20]

On 27 December 2005, Xia Yitao, who was a chief editor for SMD, was completely dismissed from his role. This was due to the front cover article from 26 December which depicted aGuangdongprovince politicianXu Shaohuahaving been punished by the Chinese government for a mining accident.[21]In January 2004,SMDdeputy chief editor Li Minying and General Manager Yu Huafeng were forced to resign by state officials after being arrested and detained by the Chinese police due to a breach ofChinese censorship laws;having had reported on the alleged police torture ofSun Zhigang.[2]In 2004, Political reform activist andSMDjournalist Cheng Yizhong as well asSMDmarketing managers Yu Huafeng and Lin Minying were prosecuted by Chinese police on behalf of the China Securities Regulatory Commission for the alleged embezzlement of public funds which were meant to supplement aSMDrestructure.[21]In 2010, the director of theSMDcolumn of Chinese history, Zhu Di, published an article entitled "Patriotism does not mean love for the Royal Court." This led to his dismissal in April 2010 due to a breach of the copyright laws in China as it allegedly breachedcensorship laws in China.[22]On 29 March 2016 an experienced editor and journalist of SMD publicly resigned from the newspaper stating that he could not work under the governmentcensorship laws.[23]On 16 December 2008, deputy chief editor of SMD Jiang Yiping was demoted from his position to a junior journalist role for unspecified reasons.[21]

Climate change

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Between 2005 and 2015,SMDpublished 251 articles which investigated and reported on China's contribution toclimate changein the 21st century.[24]These publications alleged that China was the world's largest contributor to climate change and pollution-related deaths based on 81 countries. China government officials forced theSMDto remove these publications as they were seen as defamatory to the Chinese government. The Chinese government claimed that these publications lacked scientific evidence to support the claims made. This resulted in public backlash from non-government organisations in China, as well as western countries such as The United States of America.[25]These campaigns called for the abolishment of government intervention in public media outlets such as theSMD.

The Sun Zhigang incident

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On 20 March 2003, TheSun Zhigang incidentoccurred. On 21 March,SMDpublished an article within the investigative section ofSMDon the incident.[26]SMDreported that Sun Zhigang was killed due to the "forced repatriation law"whichSMDstated allowed police to use "extreme" force in order to detain and imprison a person who cannot provide proof of a legal occupation permit in China.[27]SMD'sarticle led to public backlash throughout Asia and in Western countries as well. This backlash led to the repeal of the "forced repatriation law" in China on 2 April 2003.[28][29]: 59 

SARS epidemic scandal

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During theSARS epidemic outbreak between 2002 and 2004,the Chinese government called for a National People's Congress session in March 2002.[12][30]During this congress session, the Chinese government strictly prohibited the publication of statements within media outlets that did not coincide with the message that the Chinese government was in control ofSARS disease.[2]Southern Metropolis Daily was ordered to present a false account ofSARSstatistics including; an understatement of SARS cases in theGuangdongregion and an overstatement of doctors andSARSclinics in this area.[2]On 20 March 2003 SMD published this false information in the form of a government statement in their daily edition as per the censorship laws in China.[2][31]SMD editors Cheng Yizhong, Yu Huafeng, and Lin Minying were opposed to this publication.[12]In response, on 4 April 2003, these editors quoted the deputy minister of Health Gao Qiang who allegedly stated that theSARS epidemicwas out of control throughout China and included this statement in the daily edition of SMD.[12]In response, Zang Dejiang who was the part chief ofGuangdongat the time ordered Cheng, YU, and Lin to report to him inGuangzhou City.[12]This resulted in a verbal warning on behalf of the Chinese Government.[2]

The Clinton-Lewinsky publication

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In 1998, Southern Metropolis Daily received an international fax from an SMD international Correspondent inIndianawhich detailed theClinton-Lewinsky scandal.[2]Of the four Guangdong newspapers that reported on the scandal, SMD was the most popular, selling over one million editions of its January 22 edition, 1998.[32]The SMD chief editor and journalist Cheng Yizhong approved a 10-page excerpt regarding the scandal.[33]This resulted in backlash from Chinese government censors.[33]Cheng alleged that on 24 January in 1998, Cheng received a phone call by an unnamed government censor[2]who referred to 22 January publish as "vulgar"[2]and made an informal threat that there would be "severe punishment"[2]if censorship laws continued to be breached by SMD publications.[2]

The arrest, imprisonment, and torture of Cheng Yizhong, Yu Huafeng, and Li Minying

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Following the SMD reporting on the 'Sun Zhigang Incident' and subsequent repeal of the 'forced repatriation law', SMD were under strict surveillance from government officials and Guangdong province media censors.[13]Cheng Yizhong alleges that the government advised advertisers to cease interaction with the newspaper,[13]as well as government officials such as police officers who were ordered not to engage in interviews or make statements to SMD.[13]In November of 2003, TheChinese Governmentlaunched an official investigation on SMD, specifically the reporters who were involved with the 'Sun Zhigang Incident' report; Cheng Yizhong, Yu Huafeng, and Li Minying.[13][34]On the 27th of November,Guangdongprovince police raided SMD headquarters and seized all tax forms and expense reports. On December 2nd, at approximately 11 AM,[34]Yu Huafeng was arrested in the breakroom of SMD publishing headquarters pending an investigation of fraud and treason against the Chinese government.[34][14]This investigation continued into the first two weeks of January and the second arrest occurred on 6 January 2004,[14]Li Mingyu was arrested on suspicion ofFraudandTreasonas well.[14]On the 8th of January, Cheng received a phone call from an anonymous policewhistleblowerwho allegedly informed Cheng that Yu had been severely tortured by officials,[35]and as a result, attempted suicide unsuccessfully.[35][2]In 2008, Cheng told author Philip Pan "The pain was like a knife twisting in my heart. It was guilt and outrage at the same time. And it intensified my hatred of the system."[2]

On 18 March, Cheng was forced to demote himself from the editor in chief of SMD.[2]On 22 March 2004, Yu Huafeng was convicted ofFraudandtreasonin theSupreme People's Courtin Beijing[2]and sentenced to a minimum of twelve years in aLiangxiangprison inTianjin Municipality district.[2][36]On the same day, Li Mingyu was convicted of the same offense and received an eleven-year prison sentence inYanqingprison inYanqing District.[36][14]On 23 March 2004, officers of theChinese Federal Policearrested Cheng in his apartment inGuangzhou City.[35]He was arrested for allegedly accepting illegal payments to report on theSun Zhigang incident.[35]He was detained atPanyu PrisoninGuangzhoupending trial.[35][2]Cheng reported receiving severe psychological abuse in the form of mocking and unlawfulsolitary confinementperiods with no sunlight in his cell.[37]While Cheng was awaiting a pending trial, SMD launched multiple campaigns advocating for his freedom and launched a petition in April which was signed by major Newspaper outlets such asChina Daily.[37]In late April, mass awareness had been spread and fourteen former and current provincial party chiefs demanded a review of the evidence against Cheng, Yu and Li.[37][14]This review of Evidence resulted in a re-trial in the Supreme People's Court inFuyang courtand on 6 August a decision from the 10thNational People's Congressand its president judgeXiao Yangfound Cheng innocent of all crimes.[14]Li's sentence was reduced to five months 'time served' and was released on the 18 August.[38]Yu's sentence was reduced to four years including 'time served',[38]he was released in late 2009.[38]

Awards and achievements

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SMD coverage of the FIFA World Cup in 1998

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Between 10 June and 12 July during theFIFA world cup of 1998,SMD broke a national record as the longest coverage of a sports event in history.[2]SMD achieved this through a consecutive forty-three-day coverage of the world cup.[2]This assisted SMD in establishing themselves as a dominant newspaper in theGuangdongRegion as China's football followers were amongst the largest in the world at the time.[2]

References

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  2. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyPan, Philip P.(17 June 2008).Out of Mao's Shadow: The Struggle for the Soul of a New China.Simon and Schuster.ISBN978-1-4165-7989-2.
  3. ^abLiebman, Benjamin L. (2005)."Watchdog or Demagogue? The Media in the Chinese Legal System".Columbia Law Review.105(1): 1–157.ISSN0010-1958.JSTOR4099306.
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  6. ^abWang, Haiyan, Colin Sparks, and Yu Huang. 2018."Measuring Differences In The Chinese Press: A Study Of People's Daily And Southern Metropolitan Daily".Global Media And China3 (3): 125-140.doi:10.1177/2059436418806022.
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  10. ^abWu Guoguang, Zhang Weiguo, and Bao Pu, eds., Ziyang qiangu—Zhao Ziyang jinian wenji (Zhao Lives: A Collection of Commemorative Essays), Pacific Century Press, 2005.
  11. ^Wu Guoguang, Zhang Weiguo, and Bao Pu, eds., Ziyang qiangu—Zhao Ziyang jinian wenji (Zhao Lives: A Collection of Commemorative Essays), Pacific Century Press, 2005
  12. ^abcdefGreenfeld, Karl Taro(17 February 2009).China Syndrome: The True Story of the 21st Century's First Great Epidemic.Harper Collins.ISBN978-0-06-185152-0.
  13. ^abcdeZhang Yan and Fang Ke, "Is History Repeating Itself? From Urban Renewal in the United States to Inner-City Redevelopment in China," Journal of Planning Education and Research 23, no. 3, 2004, pp. 286–98.
  14. ^abcdefgPils, Eva, "Asking the Tiger for His Skin: Rights Activism in China," Fordham International Law Journal 30, April 2007, pp. 1209–87.
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  18. ^Lee, Francis L. F."Poll Reporting And Journalistic Paradigm: A Study Of Popularity Poll Coverage In Hong Kong Newspapers".Asian Journal Of Communication16 (2):2006. 132-151.doi:10.1080/01292980600638629.
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  20. ^Jiang, Ying."Chinese Anger at the Label of Censorship"inCyber-Nationalism in China: Challenging Western Media Portrayals of Internet Censorship in China,63-76. South Australia: University of Adelaide Press, 2012. Accessed April 23, 2021.
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  23. ^"China editor resigns over media censorship".BBC News.29 March 2016.Retrieved14 September2021.
  24. ^Han, Jingjing, Shaojing Sun, and Yanqin Lu."Framing Climate Change: A Content Analysis Of Chinese Mainstream Newspapers From 2005 To 2015".2017..International Journal Of Communication11 (1).
  25. ^Wang, Qianrong."More Room For Climate Change News Reporting In China? A Study Of Climate Change Coverage In Southern Metropolis Daily",2020. 12-18.
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  27. ^Zhu, Yuchao."Proclamation, Implementation, and Abolishment of China's Custody & Repatriation Law—An Institutionalist Analysis"American Journal of Chinese Studies13, no. 2 (2006): 187-208. Accessed April 23, 2021.
  28. ^TONG, JINGRONG. "Press Self-censorship in China: A Case Study in the Transformation of Discourse." Discourse & Society 20, no. 5 (2009): 593-612. Accessed May 24, 2021.http://www.jstor.org/stable/42889285.
  29. ^Yi, Guolin (2024). "From" Seven Speak-Nots "to" Media Surnamed Party ": Media in China from 2012 to 2022". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.).China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment.Leiden University Press.ISBN9789087284411.
  30. ^Wu Xiaoling, SARS, published in Caijing, May 6, 2003.
  31. ^Alison Mack., Stacey Knobler., Katherine Oberholtzer., Laura Sivitz., Stanley Lemon., and Adel Mahmou.Learning From SARS: Preparing For The Next Disease Outbreak: Workshop Summary.National Academies Press. 2004.
  32. ^"Reuters Archive Licensing. 2021".
  33. ^abHassid, Jonathan. "Controlling the Chinese Media: An Uncertain Business." Asian Survey 48, no. 3 (2008): 414-30. Accessed May 22, 2021.doi:10.1525/as.2008.48.3.414.
  34. ^abcZhang Yan and Fang Ke, "Politics of Housing Redevelopment in China: The Rise and Fall of the Ju'er Hutong Project in Inner-City Beijing," Journal of Housing and Built Environment 18, 2003, pp. 75–87.
  35. ^abcdeWhite, Tyrene, China's Longest Campaign: Birth Planning in the People's Republic, 1949–2005, Cornell University Press, 2006.
  36. ^abGreenhalgh, Susan and Edwin A. Winckler, Governing China's Population: From Leninist to Neoliberal Biopolitics, Stanford University Press, 2005.
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  38. ^abcChiang, Sing-chen Lydia (2007)."Daoist Transcendence and Tang Literati Identities in" Records of Mysterious Anomalies "by Niu Sengru (780-848)".Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews.29:1–21.ISSN0161-9705.JSTOR25478395.
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