Spice Girls

"Spice Girl" redirects here. For other uses, seeSpice Girl (disambiguation).

TheSpice Girlsare an Englishgirl groupformed in 1994, consisting ofMel B( "Scary Spice" );Melanie C( "Sporty Spice" );Emma Bunton( "Baby Spice" );Geri Halliwell-Horner( "GingerSpice "); andVictoria Beckham( "PoshSpice "). They have sold over 100 million records worldwide,making themthe best-selling girl group of all time.With their "girl power"mantra, the Spice Girls redefined the girl-group concept by targeting a young female fanbase.They led theteen popresurgence of the 1990s, were a major part of theCool Britanniaera, and becamepopular cultureicons of the decade.

Spice Girls
The Spice Girls performing during a reunion concert in Toronto in February 2008. From left to right: Mel C, Victoria Beckham, Geri Halliwell, Mel B and Emma Bunton
Background information
Origin	London,England
Genres	Pop dance-pop teen pop R&B
Discography	Spice Girls discography
Years active	1994–2001 2007–2008 2012 2018–2020
Labels	Virgin
Past members	Emma Bunton Mel B Melanie C Geri Halliwell Victoria Beckham
Website	thespicegirls.com

The Spice Girls were formed by Heart Management, who held auditions to create a girl group to compete with the Britishboy bandspopular at the time. After leaving Heart, the Spice Girls hiredSimon Fulleras their manager and signed withVirgin Records.They released their debut single, "Wannabe",in 1996, which reached number one on the charts of 37 countries.Their debut album,Spice(1996), sold more than 23 million copies worldwide,becomingthe best-selling album by a female group in history.Producing three more number-one singles: "Say You'll Be There","2 Become 1"and"Who Do You Think You Are"/"Mama".Their second album,Spiceworld(1997), sold more than 14 million copies worldwide.The Spice Girls achieved three number-one singles from the album with "Spice Up Your Life","Too Much"and"Viva Forever".Both albums encapsulated the group'sdance-popstyle and message of female empowerment, with vocal and songwriting contributions shared equally by the members.

In 1997, the Spice Girls made theirlive concert debutand released a feature film,Spice World,both to commercial success. In 1998, the group embarked on theSpiceworld Tour,which was attended by an estimated 2.1 million people worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing concert tour by a female group.Halliwell left the Spice Girls mid-tour in May 1998. Following a number-one single with "Goodbye"(1998) and a successful1999 concert tour,the Spice Girls released theirR&B-influenced third albumForeverin 2000. It featured their ninth number one single with "Holler"/"Let Love Lead the Way",setting a record for most UK number ones by a girl group of all time.By the end of 2000, the Spice Girls entered on a hiatus to concentrate on their solo careers. Since then, they have reunited for a performance at the2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremonyand for two concert tours:the Return of the Spice Girlsfrom 2007 to 2008 as a five-piece and theSpice World — 2019 UK Tour,without Beckham. Both tours won theBillboardLive Music Awardfor highest-grossing engagements, making the Spice Girls the top touring all-female group from 1998 to 2020.

The Spice Girls have won fiveBrit Awards,threeAmerican Music Awards,fourBillboardMusic Awards,threeMTV Europe Music Awardsand oneMTV Video Music Award.In 2000, they became the youngest recipients of theBrit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music.Notable elements of the Spice Girls' symbolism include Halliwell'sUnion Jack dressand the nicknames that were given to each member of the group by the British press. Numerousendorsement deals and merchandisebrought the group additional success, with a global gross income estimated at $500–800 million by May 1998.According to theMusic WeekwriterPaul Gorman,their media exposure helped usher in an era ofcelebrity obsessionin pop culture.

History

1994–1995: Formation and early years

WANTED: R.U. 18–23 with the ability to sing/dance? R.U. streetwise, outgoing, ambitious, and dedicated? Heart Management Ltd. are a widely successful music industry management consortium currently forming a choreographed, singing/dancing, all-female pop act for a recording deal. Open audition. Danceworks, 16 Balderton Street. Friday 4th March. 11.00am–5.30pm. Please bring sheet music or backing cassette.

– Advertisement placed inThe Stage

In the early 1990s,Bob HerbertandChris Herbert,the father-and-son duo of Heart Management, decided to create a girl group to compete with theboy bandswho dominated UK pop music at the time.With the financier Chic Murphy, they envisioned an act comprising "five strikingly different girls"who would each appeal to a different audience. In February 1994, Heart Management placed an advertisement in the trade paperThe Stageasking for singers to audition for an all-female pop band at London's Danceworks studios.Approximately 400 women attended the audition on 4 March 1994. They were placed in groups of 10 and danced a routine to "Stay"byEternal,followed by solo auditions in which they performed songs of their choice.

After several weeks of deliberation,Victoria Adams,Melanie Brown,Melanie Coloma andMichelle Stephensonwere among a dozen or so women who advanced to a second round of auditions in April. Suffering from atonsillitis,Melanie Chisholmcouldn't be present at the second round of auditions. However, after said auditions, Melanie Coloma was let go by the Herberts, who called Melanie C to replace her, afterGeri Halliwellpersuaded the Herberts to let her attend the next round of auditions.A week after the second audition, Adams, Brown, Halliwell and Stephenson were asked to attend a recall at Nomis Studios inShepherd's Bush,performing "Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours"on their own and as a group.Chisholm was also invited.The five women were selected for a band initially named Touch.

The group moved into a three-bedroom house inMaidenhead,Berkshire,and spent most of 1994 practising songs written for them by Bob Herbert's long-time associatesJohn Thirkelland Erwin Keiles.According to Stephenson, the songs were aimed at a very young audience, and none were later used by the Spice Girls.During these first months, the group worked ondemosat South Hill Park Recording Studios inBracknellwith the producer and studio owner Michael Sparkes and the songwriter and arrangerTim Hawes.They were also tasked with choreographing their own dance routines, which they worked on at Trinity Studios inKnaphill,nearWoking,Surrey.A few months into the training, Stephenson was fired for a perceived lack of commitment.Heart Management turned to the group's vocal coach, Pepi Lemer, to find a replacement. After Lemer's first recommendation declined the offer, Lemer recommended her former pupilEmma Bunton,who auditioned for the Herberts and joined as the fifth member.

As their training continued, the group performed small showcases for a few of Heart Management's associates. In one performance, they added a rap section they had written to one of Thirkell and Keiles' songs. Keiles was furious with the changes and insisted they learn to write songs properly. The group began professional songwriting lessons;during one session, they wrote a song called "Sugar and Spice" with Hawes, which inspired them to change their name to Spice.

Signing with Virgin Records

By late 1994, the group felt insecure, as they still did not have an official contract with Heart Management and were frustrated with the management team's direction. They persuaded Herbert to set up a showcase performance in front of industry writers, producers andA&Rmen in December 1994 at the Nomis Studios, where they received an "overwhelmingly positive" reaction.The Herberts quickly set about creating a binding contract for them. Encouraged by the reaction they had received at the Nomis showcase, all five members refused to sign the contracts on legal advice from, among others, Adams's father.In January, the group began songwriting sessions withRichard Stannard,whom they had impressed at the showcase, and his partner Matt Rowe. During these sessions the songs "Wannabe"and"2 Become 1"were written.

In March 1995, the group left Heart Management, feeling Heart was unwilling to listen to their ideas. To ensure they kept control of their work, they allegedly stole the master recordings of their discography from the management offices.The next day, the group tracked down theSheffield-based songwriterEliot Kennedy,who had been present at the Nomis showcase, and persuaded him to work with them. Through contacts they had made at the showcase, they were also introduced to theAbsoluteproduction team. With Kennedy and Absolute's help, the group spent the next several weeks writing and recording demos for the majority of the songs that would be released on their debut album, including "Say You'll Be There"and"Who Do You Think You Are".Their demos caught the attention ofSimon Fullerof19 Entertainment,who signed them to his management company in May 1995.

By this point, industry buzz around Spice had grown and major record labels in London and Los Angeles were keen to sign them. After a bidding war, they signed a five-album deal withVirgin Recordsin July 1995.Fuller took them on an extensive promotional tour in Los Angeles, where they met with studio executives in the hopes of securing film and television opportunities.Their name was changed to the Spice Girls as a rapper was already using the name Spice. The new name was chosen as industry people often referred to them derisively as "the Spice girls".They continued to write and record tracks for their debut album.

1996–1997: Breakthrough

Main article:Spice (album)

On 8 July 1996, the Spice Girls released their debut single "Wannabe"in the United Kingdom. In the weeks before the release, the music video received a trial airing on music channelthe Box.It was an instant hit and was aired up to seventy times a week at its peak.After the video was released, the Spice Girls had their first live broadcast TV slot onLWT'sSurprise Surprise.Earlier in May, they had conducted their first music press interview withPaul Gorman,the contributing editor of trade paperMusic Week,at Virgin Records' Paris headquarters. His piece recognised that the Spice Girls were about to institute a change in the charts away fromBritpopand towards out-and-out pop. He wrote: "Just when boys with guitars threaten to rule pop life—Damon's all overSmash Hits,Ashare big inBig!andLiamcan't move for tabloid frenzy—an all-girl, in-yer-face pop group have arrived with enough sass to burst thatrockistbubble. ""Wannabe" entered theUK Singles Chartat number three before spending the next seven weeks at number one. The song proved to be a global hit, hitting number one in 37 countries, including four consecutive weeks atop theBillboardHot 100in the US, and becoming not only the best-selling debut single by an all-female group but also the best-selling single by an all-female group of all time.

Following the release of "Wannabe", an article inTop of the Popsmagazine identified each Spice Girl with aunique nickname based on their personalities.Though unintended, the use of these nicknames became widespread and they were later adopted globally.Riding a wave of publicity and hype, the group released their next singles in Europe. In October, "Say You'll Be There"was released topping the charts for two weeks." 2 Become 1 "was released in December, becoming their firstChristmas number oneand selling 462,000 copies in its first week,making it the fastest-selling single of the year. The two tracks continued the group's remarkable sales, giving them three of the top five best-selling songs of 1996 in the UK.In November 1996, the Spice Girls released their debut albumSpicein Europe. The success was unprecedented and drew comparisons toBeatlemania,leading the press to dub it "Spicemania"and the group the "Fab Five".In seven weeksSpicehad sold 1.8 million copies in Britain alone,making the Spice Girls the fastest-selling British act since the Beatles. In total, the album sold over 3 million copies in Britain,thebest-selling albumof all time in the UK by a female group,certified ten times platinum,and reached number one for fifteen non-consecutive weeks.In Europe the album became the best-selling album of 1997 and was certified 8× Platinum by theIFPIfor sales in excess of 8 million copies.

That same month, the Spice Girls attracted a crowd of 500,000 when they switched on the Christmas lights inOxford Street,London.At the same time, Fuller started to set up multi-million dollar sponsorship deals for the Spice Girls withPepsi,Walkers,Impulse,CadburyandPolaroid.The group ended 1996 winning three trophies at theSmash Hitsawardsat theLondon Arena,including best video for "Say You'll Be There".

International success

In January 1997, "Wannabe" was released in the United States. It proved to be a catalyst in helping the Spice Girls break into the US market when it debuted on theHot 100Chart at number eleven. At the time, this was the highest-ever debut by a non-American act, beating the previous record held by the Beatles for "I Want to Hold Your Hand",and the joint highest entry for a debut act alongsideAlanis Morissette's "Ironic"."Wannabe" reached number one in the US for four weeks. In February,Spicewas released in the US, and became thebest-selling album of 1997 in the US,peaking at number one, and was certified 7× Platinum by theRIAAfor sales in excess of 7.4 million copies.The album was also included in the Top 100 Albums of All Time list by theRecording Industry Association of America(RIAA) based on US sales.In total, the album sold over 23 million copies worldwidebecoming the best-selling album in pop music history by an all-female group.

The dress has gone down in history – along withLiz Hurley'ssafety-pin frockandPrincess Diana's"revenge" gown– as one of the most memorable fashion moments of all time.

–Harper's Bazaaron Geri Halliwell'sUnion Jack dressat the1997 Brit Awards.

Later that month, the Spice Girls performed "Who Do You Think You Are"to open the1997 Brit Awards,with Geri Halliwell wearing aUnion Jack mini-dressthat became one of pop history's most famed outfits.At the ceremony, the group won twoBrit Awards;Best British Video for "Say You'll Be There" and Best British Single for "Wannabe".In March 1997, a double A-side of "Mama"/" Who Do You Think You Are "was released in Europe, the last fromSpice,which once again saw them at number one,making the Spice Girls the first group sincethe Jackson 5to have four consecutive number one hits.

Girl Power!,the Spice Girls' first book, was launched later that month atVirgin Megastore.It sold out its initial print run of 200,000 copies within a day, and was eventually translated into more than 20 languages.In April,One Hour of Girl Powerwas released; it sold 500,000 copies in the UK between April and June to become the best-selling pop video ever,and was eventually certified thirteen times platinum.In May,Spice World,a film starring the group, was announced by the Spice Girls at theCannes Film Festival.The group also performed their first live UK show forthe Prince's Trustbenefit concert.At the show, they breached royal protocol when Brown and then Halliwell planted kisses onPrince Charles'cheeks and pinched his bottom, causing controversy.That same month, Virgin releasedSpice Girls Present... The Best Girl Power Album... Ever!,a multi-artistcompilation albumcompiled by the group. It reached number two on theUK Compilation Chartand was certified Gold by theBPI.At theIvor Novello Awards,"Wannabe" won the awards for International Hit of the Year and Best-Selling British Single.

Spice Worldbegan filming in June and wrapped in August.The film was to be set to the songs from the group's second studio album, but no songs had been written when filming began. The group thus had to do all the songwriting and recording at the same time as they were filmingSpice World,resulting in a gruelling schedule that left them exhausted.Among the songs that were written during this period was "Stop",the lyrics for which cover the group's frustrations with being overworked by their management.

In September, the Spice Girls performed "Say You'll Be There" at the1997 MTV Video Music AwardsatRadio City Music Hallin New York City, and won Best Dance Video for "Wannabe".The MTV Awards came five days after thedeath of Diana, Princess of Wales,with tributes paid to her throughout the ceremony. Chisholm stated, "We'd like to dedicate this award to Princess Diana, who is a great loss to our country."At the 1997BillboardMusic Awards,the group won four awards forNew Artist of the Year,BillboardHot 100 Singles Group of the Year,Billboard200 Group of the Year andBillboard200 Album of the YearforSpice.

Spiceworldand feature film

Main article:Spiceworld (album)

In October 1997, the Spice Girls released the first single from their second album,Spiceworld,"Spice Up Your Life".It entered the UK Singles Chart at number one, making it the group's fifth consecutive number-one single.That same month, the group performed their firstlive major concertto 40,000 fans inIstanbul,Turkey.Later, they launchedthe Royal British Legion'sPoppy Appeal,then travelled to South Africa to meetNelson Mandela,who announced, "These are my heroes."

In November, the Spice Girls releasedSpiceworld.It set a new record for the fastest-selling album when it shipped seven million copies over the course of two weeks. Gaining favourable reviews,the album went on to sell over 10 million copies in Europe,Canada,and the United Statescombined, and 14 million copies worldwide.

Criticised in the United States for releasing the album just nine months after their debut there, which gave the group two simultaneous Top 10 albums in theBillboardalbum charts,and suffering from over-exposure at home,the Spice Girls began to experience a media backlash. They were criticised for their number of sponsorship deals—more than 20—and their chart positions declined.Nevertheless, the Spice Girls remained the best-selling pop group of both 1997 and 1998.

On 7 November 1997, the Spice Girls performed "Spice Up Your Life" at theMTV Europe Music Awardsand won theBest Group award.The morning of the performance, they fired Fuller and began managing themselves.To ensure a smooth transition, Halliwell allegedly stole a mobile phone from Fuller's assistant that contained the group's schedule and Fuller's business contacts.The firing was front-page news around the world. Many commentators speculated that Fuller had been the mastermind behind the group, and that the Spice Girls had lost their impetus and direction.

Later in November, the Spice Girls became the first pop group to hostITV'sAn Audience with...Their show was watched by 11.8 million viewers in the UK, one fifth of the population.In December 1997, the second single fromSpiceworld,"Too Much",was released, becoming the Spice Girls' secondChristmas number oneand their sixth consecutive number-one UK single. That month, the Spice Girls launched a feature-length film,Spice World.The world premiere, at theEmpire TheatreinLeicester Square,London, was attended by celebrities including Prince Charles,Prince WilliamandPrince Harry.The film was a commercial success but received poor reviews.The Spice Girls ended 1997 as the year's most played artist on American radio.

1998: Spiceworld tour and Halliwell's departure

In January 1998, the Spice Girls attended the US premiere ofSpice Worldat theMann's Chinese Theatre.At the1998 American Music Awardsa few days later, they won the awards forFavorite Album,Favorite New Artist andFavorite Groupin the pop/rock category.In February, they won a special award for overseas success at the1998 Brit Awards,with combined sales of more than 45 million albums and singles worldwide.That night, the group performed their next single, "Stop",their first not to reach number one in the UK, entering at number two.On 24 February 1998, the Spice Girls embarked on theSpiceworld Tour,starting in Dublin, Ireland, before moving to mainland Europe and North America and returning to the UK for two performances atWembley Stadium.Later that year, the Spice Girls sang on the officialEnglandWorld Cup song "(How Does It Feel to Be) On Top of the World",their last song with Halliwell until 2007.

On 31 May 1998, Halliwell announced her departure from the Spice Girls through her solicitor.The announcement was preceded by days of frenzied press speculation after Halliwell missed two concerts in Norway and was absent from a performance onThe National Lottery Draws.Halliwell first cited creative differences,and later said that she was suffering from exhaustion and disillusionment. Rumours of a power struggle with Brown circulated in the press.Halliwell's departure shocked fans and became one of the biggest entertainment news stories of the year, making news international headlines.The four remaining members were adamant that the group would carry on.

The North American leg of the Spiceworld Tour went on as planned, beginning inWest Palm Beach, Florida,on 15 June, and grossing $93.6 million over 40 sold-out performances.The tour was attended by an estimated 2.1 million people over 97 shows with an estimated gross of $220-$250 million, the highest-grossing concert tour by a female group.It was accompanied by a documentary film,Spice Girls in America: A Tour Story."Viva Forever",the last single released fromSpiceworld,and became the Spice Girls' seventh UK's number-one. The video was made before Halliwell's departure and features all five members instop-motionanimated form.

While on tour in the United States, the Spice Girls wrote and recorded new material. They released a new song, "Goodbye",before Christmas in 1998.It was seen as a tribute to Halliwell, although parts of it had originally been written when Halliwell was still a part of the group. It became the Spice Girls' third consecutiveChristmas number one,equalling the record previously set bythe Beatles.In November, Bunton and Chisholm appeared at the1998 MTV Europe Music Awardswithout their other bandmates, accepting two awards on behalf of the Spice Girls for Best Pop Act and Best Group.That year, Brown and Adams announced they were pregnant. Brown was married to the dancer Jimmy Gulzer and became known as Mel G for a brief period; she gave birth to their daughter Phoenix Chi in February 1999.Adams gave birth a month after to her sonBrooklyn,whose father was theManchester UnitedfootballerDavid Beckham.Later that year, she married Beckham in a highly publicised wedding in Ireland, taking on his surname, becoming Victoria Beckham.

1999–2001:Forever,solo work, hiatus and split

Main article:Forever (Spice Girls album)

The Spice Girls as a four-piece performing "Holler" inCologne,Germany at the Return of the Spice Girls tour

By 1999, Brown, Bunton, Chisholm, and former member Halliwell, had all released music as solo artists.They returned to the studio in August 1999 after an eight-month recording break. It was initially more pop-influenced, similar to their first two albums, and included production from Eliot Kennedy.The sound took on a more mature direction when American producers includingRodney Jerkins,Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewiscame on board to collaborate with the group.

In December 1999, the Spice Girls embarked on a UK tour,Christmas in Spiceworld,in London and Manchester, during which they showcased new songs from the third album.The eight-show tour was attended by more than 153,000 people, grossing $5.7 million in ticket sales. The first four shows, atManchester Evening News Arena,grossed $2.6 million; the second portion of the tour saw the group play another four shows atEarls Court Arena,grossing $3.1 million.Earlier in the year, the Spice Girls recorded the song "My Strongest Suit" forElton John and Tim Rice's Aida,a concept album which became the musicalAida.The Spice Girls performed again at the2000 Brit Awardsin March, where they received the Lifetime Achievement award. Halliwell attended but did not join her former bandmates on stage.

In November 2000, the Spice Girls released their third and final album,Forever.With an edgierR&Bsound, it received lukewarm reviews.In the US, it reached number 39 on theBillboard200 albums chart. In the UK, it was released the same week asWestlife'sCoast to Coastand the chart battle was widely reported by the media; Westlife reached number one and the Spice Girls number two.The lead single, the double A-side "Holler"/"Let Love Lead the Way",became Spice Girls' ninth UK number one.However, it failed to enter the USBillboardHot 100 singles chart, instead reaching number seven on theBubbling Under Hot 100chart and number 31 on theHot Dance Music/Club Playchart. The Spice Girls' only major performance of the single came at the2000 MTV Europe Music Awardsin November.In total,Foreversold over four million copies.The Spice Girls ceased promotional activities in December 2000, as they began an indefinite hiatus to concentrate on their solo careers and ultimately split in February 2001.They however insisted that the group was not splitting.

2007–2008: Return of the Spice Girls andGreatest Hits

Main articles:The Return of the Spice Girls TourandGreatest Hits (Spice Girls album)

The Spice Girls performing "Wannabe" as the closing number of theirReturn of the Spice Girls Tour,at theAir Canada Centre,in Toronto

On 28 June 2007, the Spice Girls, including Halliwell, held a press conference atthe O₂Arenarevealing their intention to reunite for a worldwide concert tour, theReturn of the Spice Girls.The plan to re-form had long been speculated by the media, with previous attempts by the organisers ofLive 8andConcert for Dianato reunite the group as a five-piece falling through.Each member of the group was reportedly paid £10 million ($20 million) to do the reunion tour.Giving You Everything,an official documentary film about the reunion, was directed by Bob Smeaton and first aired on Australia'sFox8on 16 December 2007,followed byBBC Onein the UK on 31 December.

Ticket sales for the first London date of the Return of the Spice Girls tour sold out in 38 seconds.It was reported that over one million people signed up in the UK alone and over five million worldwide for the ticket ballot on the band's official website.Sixteen additional dates in London were added,all selling out within one minute.In the United States, Las Vegas, Los Angeles and San Jose shows also sold out, prompting additional dates to be added.It was announced that the Spice Girls would be playing dates in Chicago and Detroit and Boston, as well as additional dates in New York to keep up with the demand. The tour opened in Vancouver on 2 December 2007, with the Spice Girls performing to an audience of 15,000 people, singing 20 songs and changing outfits a total of eight times.Along with the tour sellout, the Spice Girls licensed their name and image to the supermarket chainTesco.

The Spice Girls' comeback single, "Headlines (Friendship Never Ends)",was announced as the officialChildren in Needcharity single for 2007 and was released 5 November. The first public appearance on stage by the Spice Girls occurred at theVictoria's Secret Fashion Show,where they performed two songs, 1998 single "Stop" and the lead single from their greatest hits album, "Headlines (Friendship Never Ends)". The show was filmed by CBS on 15 November 2007 for broadcast on 4 December 2007.They also performed both songs live for the BBCChildren in Need telethonon 16 November 2007 from Los Angeles. The release of "Headlines (Friendship Never Ends)" peaked at number eleven on theUK Singles Chart,making it the group's lowest-charting British single to date. The album peaked at number two on theUK Albums Chart.On 1 February 2008, it was announced that due to personal and family commitments their tour would come to an end in Toronto on 26 February 2008, meaning that tour dates in Beijing, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Sydney,Cape TownandBuenos Aireswere cancelled.

The tour was the highest-grossing concert act of 2007–2008, measured as the twelve months ending in April 2008.It produced $107.2 million in ticket sales and merchandising, with sponsorship and ad deals bringing the total to $200 million.The tour's 17-night sellout stand at the O₂Arena in London was the highest-grossing engagement of the year, netting £16.5 million (US$33 million) and drawing an audience of 256,647, winning the 2008BillboardTouring Awardfor Top Boxscore.The group's comeback also netted them several other awards, including theCapital MusicIcon Award, theGlamourAwardfor Best Band, and theVodafone Live Music Awardfor Best Live Return, the last of which saw them beat out acts such asLed Zeppelinand theSex Pistols.

2010, 2012:Viva Forever!and London Olympics

The Spice Girls at theViva Forever!premiere night, 2012

At the2010 Brit Awards,the Spice Girls received a special award for "Best Performance of the 30th Year".The award was for their 1997 Brit Awards performance of "Wannabe" and "Who Do You Think You Are", with Geri Halliwell and Mel B receiving the award fromSamantha Foxon behalf of the group.

That year, the Spice Girls collaborated with Fuller,Judy CraymerandJennifer Saundersto develop a stage musical,Viva Forever!.Similar to theABBAmusicalMamma Mia!,Viva Forever!used the group's music to create an original story.In June 2012, to promote the musical, the Spice Girls reunited for a press conference at theSt. Pancras Renaissance London Hotel,where the music video for "Wannabe" had been filmedexactly sixteen years earlier.They also appeared in the documentarySpice Girls' Story: Viva Forever!,which aired on 24 December 2012 onITV1.Viva Forever!premiered at the West End'sPiccadilly Theatrein December 2012, with all five Spice Girls in attendance.It was panned by criticsand closed after seven months, with a loss of at least £5 million.

In August 2012, the Spice Girls reunited to perform a medley of "Wannabe" and "Spice Up Your Life" at the2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony.Their performance received acclaim, and became the most-tweeted moment of the Olympics with over 116,000 tweets per minute onTwitter.

2016, 2018–2019: G.E.M and Spice World tour

Main article:Spice World – 2019 Tour

On 8 July 2016, Brown, Bunton and Halliwell released a video celebrating the 20th anniversary of "Wannabe" and teased news from them as a three-piece.Beckham and Chisholm opted not to take part but gave the project their blessing.A new song, "Song for Her", was leaked online in November.The reunion project was cancelled due to Halliwell's pregnancy.

The Spice Girls (without Beckham) perform atWembley Stadium,London, June 2019.

In late 2018 the Spice Girls officially announced their second reunion tour, with tickets going on sale in November 2018. They also revealed they would do it as a four-piece without Beckham, as she declined to join due to commitments regarding her fashion business.Each of the four participating members was reportedly paid £12 million for the tour.

On 24 May 2019, they began theSpice World – 2019 Tourof the UK and Ireland atCroke ParkinDublin,Ireland. The tour concluded with three concerts at London'sWembley Stadium,with the last taking place on 15 June 2019. Over 13 dates, the tour produced 700,000 spectators and earned $78.2 million in ticket sales.The three-night sellout stand at Wembley Stadium was the highest-grossing engagement of the year, drawing an audience of 221,971 and winning the 2019BillboardLive Music Awardfor Top Boxscore.Despite sound problems in the early concerts, Anna Nicholson inThe Guardianwrote, "As nostalgia tours go, this could hardly have been bettered."

Alongside the tour, the group teamed up with the children's book franchiseMr. Mento create derivative products such as books, cups, bags and coasters.On 13 June 2019, it was reported thatParamount Animationhad greenlit an animated Spice Girls film with old and new songs. The project will be produced by Simon Fuller and written byKaren McCullahandKirsten Smith.A director has not been announced.

2020–2024: Anniversary commemorations

To mark the 25th anniversary of "Wannabe", an EP was released in July 2021 that included previously unreleased demos.On 29 October, the Spice Girls releasedSpice25,a deluxe reissue ofSpicefeaturing previously unreleased demos and remixes.The deluxe release saw the album reenter the UK Albums Chart at number five.

On 27 September 2022, the Spice Girls announced the tracklisting forSpiceworld25,the 25th anniversary edition of their albumSpiceworld.The new collection features previously unreleased live versions and remixes, plus previously available B-sides "Walk of Life" and "Outer Space Girls" and a megamix.Their song "Step to Me"was released digitally for the first time ever on the same day as the album announcement.Spiceworld25was released on 4 November 2022 and charted at number 46 on the UK Albums Chart.To promote the reissue, new music videos for "Spice Up Your Life" and "Never Give Up on the Good Times" were also released.

TheRoyal Mailissued fifteen stamps from 11 January 2024 onwards to mark the 30th anniversary of the Spice Girls.

Artistry

Musical style

According toAllMusic'sStephen Thomas Erlewine,the Spice Girls "useddance-popas a musical base, but they infused the music with a fiercely independent, feminist stance that was equal partsMadonna,post-riot grrrlalternative rockfeminism,and a co-opting of the good-times-all-the-time stance of England's newlad culture."Their songs incorporated a variety of genres, which Halliwell described as a "melding" of the group members' eclectic musical tastes,but otherwise kept to mainstream pop conventions.Chisholm said: "We all had different artists that we loved. Madonna was a big influence andTLC;we watched a lot of their videos. "A regular collaborator on the group's first two albums was the production duo known asAbsolute,made up of Paul Wilson and Andy Watkins. Absolute initially found it difficult to work with the group as the duo was heavily intoR&Bmusic at the time, while the Spice Girls according to Wilson were "always very poptastic".Wilson said of the group's musical output: "Their sound was actually not getting R&B quite right."

In his biography of the band,Wannabe: How the Spice Girls Reinvented Pop Fame(2004),Rolling Stonejournalist David Sinclair said that the "undeniable artistry" of the group's songs had been overlooked. He said the Spice Girls "instinctively had an ear for a catchy tune" without resorting to the "formula balladry and bland modulations" of 90s boy bandsWestlifeandBoyzone.He praised their "more sophisticated" second album,Spiceworld,saying: "Peppered with personality, and each conveying a distinctive musical flavour and lyrical theme, these are songs which couldn't soundless'manufactured,' and which, in several cases, transcend the pop genre altogether. "

Lyrical themes

Beckham and Bunton performing "2 Become 1" inLas Vegason 11 December 2007. The song, which addresses the importance ofsafe sex,has been praised for its sex-positive message.

The Spice Girls' lyrics promote female empowerment and solidarity.Given the young age of their target audience, Lucy Jones ofThe Independentsaid the Spice Girls' songs were subversive for their time: "The lyrics were active rather than passive: taking, grabbing, laying it down – all the things little girls were taught never to do. 'Stop right now, thank you very much'. 'Who do you think you are?' 'I'll tell you what I want, what I really, really want'."MusicologistNicola Dibben cited "Say You'll Be There" as an example of how the Spice Girls inverted traditional gender roles in their lyrics, depicting a man who has fallen in love and displays too much emotion and a woman who remains independent and in control.The Spice Girls emphasised the importance of sisterhood over romance in songs such as "Wannabe", and embracedsafe sexin "2 Become 1".

Lauren Bravo, author ofWhat Would the Spice Girls Do?: How the Girl Power Generation Grew Up(2018), found that even when the Spice Girls sang about romance, the message was "cheerfully non-committal", in contrast to the songs about breakups and unrequited love other pop stars were singing at the time.Writing forBustle,Taylor Ferber praised the female-driven lyrics as ahead of their time, citing the inclusivity and optimism of songs such as "Spice Up Your Life" and thesex-positivityof "Last Time Lover" and "Naked". Ferber concluded: "Between all of their songs about friendship, sex, romance, and living life, a central theme in almost all Spice Girls music was loving yourself first."

Vocal arrangements

Five women in a band together, sharing songwriting credit and vocal duties equally, was a new concept in British pop in 1996.

— Pitchforkin a retrospective review ofSpice.

Unlike prior pop vocal groups, the Spice Girls shared vocals, rather than having a lead vocalist supported by others.The group did not want any one member to be considered the lead singer, and so each song was divided into one or two lines each, before all five voices harmonised in the chorus. The group faced criticism as this meant that no one voice could stand out, but Sinclair concluded that it "was actually a clever device to ensure that they gained the maximum impact and mileage from their all-in-it-together girl-gang image".

The Spice Girls' former vocal coach, Pepi Lemer, described their individual voices as distinct and easy to distinguish, citing the "lightness" of Bunton's voice and the "soulful sound" of Brown's and Chisholm's.Biographer Sean Smith cited Chisholm as the vocalist the group could not do without.Sinclair noted that while Chisholm'sad libsare a distinctive feature of certain Spice Girls songs, the difference in the amount of time her voice was featured over any other member was negligible.

While vocal time was distributed equally, musicologist Nicola Dibben found that there was an "interesting inequality" in the way that vocal styles were distributed within the group, which she felt conformed to certain stereotypes associated with race and socioeconomic background.According to Dibben, most of the declamatory style of singing in the group's singles were performed by Brown, the only black member, and Chisholm, whom Dibben classified as white working class; this was in contrast to the more lyrical sections allotted to Beckham, whom Dibben classified as white middle class.

Songwriting

The Spice Girls did not play instruments,but co-wrote all of their songs.According to their frequent collaborator Richard Stannard, they had two approaches to songwriting:balladswere written in a traditional way with the group sitting around a piano, while songs such as "Wannabe" were the result of tapping into their "mad" energy.Eliot Kennedy,another regular co-writer, said that songwriting sessions with the Spice Girls were "very quick and short".He described his experience working with them:

What I said to them was, "Look, I've got a chorus—check this out." And I'd sing them the chorus and the melody—no lyrics or anything—and straight away five pads and pencils came out and they were throwing lines at us. Ten minutes later, the song was written. Then you go through and refine it. Then later, as you were recording it you might change a few things here and there. But pretty much it was a real quick process. They were confident in what they were doing, throwing it out there.

Absolute's Paul Wilson recalled an experience whereby he and Watkins were responsible for writing the backing track and the group would then write the lyrics. Watkins added: "I wasn't an 18-year-old girl. They always had this weird ability to come up with phrases that you'd never heard of."He said the members would create dance routines at the same time as writing songs,and that "They knew what they wanted to write about, right from day one. You couldn't force your musical ideas upon them."

From the onset, the Spice Girls established a strict 50–50 split of the publishingroyaltiesbetween them and their songwriting collaborators. As with their vocal arrangements, they were also adamant on maintaining parity between themselves in the songwriting credits.Sinclair said:

The deal between themselves was a strict five-way split on their share of the songwriting royaltieson all songsirrespective of what any one member of the group had (or had not) contributed to any particular song. Apart from ease of administration, this was also a symbolic expression of the unity which was so much part and parcel of the Spice philosophy.

Sinclair identified Halliwell as a major source of ideas for the Spice Girls' songs, including many of the concepts and starting points for the group's songs.Tim Hawes,who worked with the group when they were starting out, said Halliwell's strength was in writing lyrics and pophooks,and estimated that she was responsible for 60–70% of the lyrics in the songs he worked on.The group's collaborators credit the other members of the group as being more active than Halliwell in constructing themelodiesandharmoniesof their songs.Matt Rowe, who wrote several songs with the Spice Girls, agreed that Halliwell was particularly good when it came to writing lyrics and credits the lyrics for "Viva Forever" to her. He felt that all five members had contributed equally to the songwriting.

Cultural impact and legacy

Pop music resurgence and girl group boom

The Spice Girls debuted at a time whenalternative rock,hip-hopandR&Bdominated global music charts. In the group's first interview in May 1996, Halliwell toldMusic Week:"We want to bring some of the glamour back to pop, like Madonna had when we were growing up. Pop is about fantasy and escapism, but there's so much bullshit around at the moment."The modern pop phenomenon that the Spice Girls created by targeting earlyMillennialswas credited with changing the music landscape by reviving the pop music genre,bringing about the global wave of late-1990s and early-2000steen popacts such as theBackstreet Boys,Britney Spears,Christina AguileraandNSYNC.

The Spice Girls have been credited with paving the way for thegirl groupsand female pop singers that have come after them.Unlike previous girl groups, such asthe Andrews Sisters,whosetarget marketwas male record buyers, the Spice Girls targeted a young female fanbase.In the UK, they are further credited for disrupting the then male-dominated pop music scene.Prior to the Spice Girls, girl groups such asBananaramahad hit singles in the UK but their album sales were generally underwhelming.A common opinion within the British music industry at the time was that an all-girl pop group would not work because both girls and boys would find the concept too threatening.As a result, teen magazines such asSmash HitsandTop of the Popsinitially refused to feature the Spice Girls.

The massive commercial success of the Spice Girls led to a boom of new girl groups in the late 1990s and early 2000s.Around 20 new girl groups were launched in the UK in 1999, followed by another 35 the next year.Groups that emerged during this period includeAll Saints,B*Witched,Atomic Kitten,Girl Thing,Girls@Play,Girls Aloudand theSugababes,all hoping to emulate the Spice Girls' success.Outside of the UK and Ireland, girl groups such as New Zealand'sTrueBliss,Australia'sBardot,Germany'sNo Angels,Belgium'sK3,Spain'sBellepop,Brazil'sRouge,US'sCheetah Girls,as well as South Korea'sBaby Voxandf(x)were also modelled after the Spice Girls.

Twenty-first-century girl groups continue to cite the Spice Girls as a major source of influence, includingthe Pussycat Dolls,2NE1,Girls' Generation,Little Mix,Fifth Harmony,Haim,andBlackpink.Solo female artists who have been similarly influenced by the group includeJess Glynne,Anne-Marie,Foxes,Alexandra Burke,JoJo,Charli XCX,Rita Ora,Billie Eilish,andBeyoncé.During her 2005 "Reflections" concert series, Filipino singerRegine Velasquezperformed a medley of five Spice Girls songs as a tribute to the group, citing them as a major influence on her music.Danish singer-songwriterMØdecided to pursue music after watching the Spice Girls on TV as a child, saying in a 2014 interview: "I have them and only them to thank—or to blame—for becoming a singer."16-timeGrammy Award-winning singer-songwriterAdelecredits the Spice Girls as a major influence in regard to her love and passion for music, stating that "they made me what I am today".

Girl power

Main article:Girl power

"Girl power"was a label for the particular facet of feminist empowerment embraced by the band, emphasising female confidence,individuality and sisterhood.The Spice Girls' particular approach to "girl power" was seen as a boisterous, independent, and sex-positive response to "lad culture".The phrase was regularly espoused by all five members—although most closely associated with Halliwell—and was often delivered with apeace sign.The "girl power" slogan was originally coined by US punk bandBikini Killin 1991 and subsequently appeared in a few songs in the early and mid-1990s; most notably, it was the title of British pop duoShampoo's 1996 single which Halliwell later said was her introduction to the phrase.Although the term did not originate with them, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 that "girl power" exploded onto the mainstream consciousness.According to Chisholm, the band were inspired to champion this cause as a result of thesexismthey encountered when they were first starting out in the music business.Industry insiders credit Halliwell as being the author of the group's "girl power" manifesto,while Halliwell herself once spoke of former British prime ministerMargaret Thatcheras being "the pioneer of our ideology".

In all, the focused, consistent presentation of "girl power" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band.The Spice Girls' brand ofpostfeminismwas distinctive and its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women; by being politically neutral, it did not alienate consumers with different allegiances.Virgin's director of press Robert Sandall explained the novelty of the group: "There had never been a group of girls who were addressing themselves specifically to a female audience before."Similarly, John Harlow ofThe Sunday Timesbelieved it was this "loyal[ty] to their sex" that set the Spice Girls apart from their predecessors, enabling them to win over young female fans where previous girl groups had struggled.While "girl power" put a name to a social phenomenon, it was met with mixed reactions.Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstreamfeminism—popularised as "girl power" —in the 1990s,with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans.Conversely, critics dismiss it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic and accuse the group of commercialising the social movement.Regardless, "girl power" became a cultural phenomenon,adopted as the mantra for millions of girlsand even making it into theOxford English Dictionary. In summation of the concept, author Ryan Dawson said, "The Spice Girls changed British culture enough for Girl Power to now seem completely unremarkable."

The Spice Girls perform "Wannabe" as a four-piece on 15 June 2019. The song has become emblematic of the group's girl power manifesto.

In keeping with their "girl power" manifesto, the Spice Girls' songs have been praised for their "genuinely empowering messages about friendship and sisterhood,"which set them apart from the typical love songs their pop contemporaries were singing.Billboardmagazine said their lyrics "demonstrated real, noncompetitive female friendship," adding that the messages the Spice Girls imparted have held up well compared to the lyrics sung by later girl groups such as the Pussycat Dolls.The group's debut single "Wannabe" has been hailed as an "iconic girl power anthem".In 2016, theUnited Nationslaunched their #WhatIReallyReallyWantGlobal Goalscampaign by filming a remake of the "Wannabe" music video to highlight gender inequality issues faced by women across the world. The video, which premiered onYouTubeand ran in movie theatres internationally,featured British girl groupM.O,Canadian "viral sensation"Taylor Hatala, Nigerian-British singerSeyi ShayandBollywoodactressJacqueline Fernandezlip-syncing to the song in various locations around the world.In response to the remake, Beckham said, "How fabulous is it that after 20 years the legacy of the Spice Girls' girl power is being used to encourage and empower a whole new generation?"

At the43rd People's Choice Awardsin 2017,Blake Livelydedicated her "Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress" award to "girl power" in her acceptance speech; she credited the Spice Girls, saying: "What was so neat about them was that they're all so distinctly different, and they were women, and they owned who they were, and that was my first introduction into girl power."In 2018,Rolling Stonenamed the Spice Girls' "girl power" ethos onThe Millennial 100,a list of 100 people, music, cultural touchstones and movements that have shaped theMillennialgeneration.Writing in 2019 about the group's influence on what she called the "Spice Girls Generation", Caity Weaver ofThe New York Timesconcluded, "Marketing ploy or not, 'Girl power' had become a self-fulfilling prophecy."

Cool Britannia

Main article:Cool Britannia

Halliwell wearing a replica of her iconicUnion Jack dressthat she had worn at the1997 Brit Awardswhich was a defining image of the era

The term "Cool Britannia"became prominent in the media in the 1990s and represented the new political and social climate that was emerging with the advances made byNew Labourand the new British prime ministerTony Blair.Coming out of a period of 18 years ofConservativegovernment, Tony Blair and New Labour were seen as young, cool and appealing, a driving force in giving Britain a feeling of euphoria and optimism.

Although by no means responsible for the onset of "Cool Britannia", the arrival of the Spice Girls added to the new image and re-branding of Britain, and underlined the growing world popularity of British, rather than American, pop music. This fact was underlined at the1997 Brit Awards;the group won two awardsbut it was Halliwell's iconic red, white and blue Union Jack mini-dress that appeared in media coverage around the world,becoming an enduring image of "Cool Britannia".The Spice Girls were identified as part ofanother British Invasionof the US,and in 2016,Timeacknowledged the Spice Girls as "arguably the most recognisable face" of "Cool Britannia".

Image, nicknames and fashion trends

The Spice Girls' image was deliberately aimed at young girls, an audience of formidable size and potential. Instrumental to their range of appeal within this demographic was their five distinct personalities and styles, which encouraged fans to identify with one member or another. This rejection of a homogeneous group identity was a stark departure from previous groups such as the Beatles andthe Supremes,and the Spice Girls model has since been used to style other pop groups such asOne Direction.

The band's image was inadvertently bolstered by the nicknames bestowed on them by the British press. After a lunch with the Spice Girls in the wake of "Wannabe"'s release, Peter Loraine, the then-editor ofTop of the Popsmagazine, and his editorial staff decided to devise nicknames for each member of the group based on their personalities. Loraine explained, "In the magazine we used silly language and came up with nicknames all the time so it came naturally to give them names that would be used by the magazine and its readers; it was never meant to be adopted globally."Shortly after using the nicknames in a magazine feature on the group, Loraine received calls from other British media outlets requesting permission to use them, and before long the nicknames were synonymous with the Spice Girls.Jennifer Cawthron, one of the magazine's staff writers, explained how the nicknames were chosen:

Victoria was 'Posh Spice', because she was wearing aGucci-style mini dress and seemed pouty and reserved. Emma worepigtailsand sucked a lollipop, so obviously she was 'Baby Spice'. Mel C spent the whole time leaping around in hertracksuit,so we called her 'Sporty Spice'. I named Mel B 'Scary Spice' because she was so shouty. And Geri was 'Ginger Spice', simply because of her hair. Not much thought went into that one.

In a 2020 interview, Chisholm explained that the Spice Girls' image came about unintentionally when, after initially trying to coordinate their outfits as was expected of girl groups at the time, the group decided to just dress in their own individual styles. According to Chisholm, they "never thought too much more of it" until after "Wannabe" was released and the press gave them their nicknames. The group embraced the nicknames and grew into caricatures of themselves, which Chisholm said was "like a protection mechanism because it was like putting on this armour of being this, this character, rather than it actually being you."

Each Spice Girl adopted a distinct, over-the-toptrademark stylethat served as an extension of her publicpersona.

Fans dressed up as the Spice Girls, replicating theirsignature looks

• Victoria Beckham(née Adams): AsPosh Spice,she was known for her choppy brunettebob cut,reserved attitude, signature pout and form-fitting designer outfits (often alittle black dress).
• Melanie Brown:AsScary Spice,she was known for her "in-your-face" attitude,"loud"Leedsaccent,pierced tongueand bold manner of dress (which often consisted ofleopard-printoutfits).
• Emma Bunton:AsBaby Spice,she was the youngest member of the group, wore her long blonde hair in pigtails, worepastel(particularly pink)babydolldresses and platform sneakers, had an innocent smile and agirly girlpersonality.
• Melanie Chisholm:AsSporty Spice,she usually wore a tracksuit paired withathletic shoes,wore her long dark hair in ahigh ponytail,and sported tattoos coupled with a tough-girl attitude.She also showcased her athletic abilities on stage, such as by performingback handspringsand high kicks.
• Geri Halliwell:AsGinger Spice,she was known for her bright red hair,feistiness,"glammed-up sex appeal" and flamboyant stage outfits.She was also identified by the media and those who worked with the Spice Girls as the leader of the group.

The Spice Girls are considered style icons of the 1990s; their image and styles becoming inextricably tied to the band's identity.They are credited with setting 1990s fashion trends such asBuffaloplatform shoesanddouble bun hairstyles.Their styles have inspired other celebrities includingKaty Perry,Charli XCX,andBollywoodactressAnushka Ranjan.Lady Gagaperformed as Emma Bunton (Baby Spice) in high school talent showsandEmma Stonechose the name "Emma" inspired by Emma Bunton after she previously used the name Riley Stone.The group have also been noted for the memorable outfits they have worn, the most iconic being Halliwell'sUnion Jack dressfrom the1997 Brit Awards.The dress was sold at a charity auction to the Las VegasHard Rock Cafefor £41,320, giving Halliwell theGuinness World Recordat that time for the most expensive piece of pop star clothing ever sold.

Commercialisation and celebrity culture

See also:Spice Girls merchandise and sponsorship deals

At the height of Spicemania, the Spice Girls were involved in a prolific marketing phenomenon.Under the guidance of their mentor and managerSimon Fuller,they advertised for an unprecedented number of brands and became the most merchandised group in music history.The group were also afrequent feature of the global press.As a result, said biographer David Sinclair, "So great was the daily bombardment of Spice images and Spice product that it quickly became oppressive even to people who were well disposed towards the group."This was parodied in the video for their song "Spice Up Your Life", which depicts a futuristic dystopian city covered in billboards and adverts featuring the group. Similarly, the North American leg of their 1998 Spiceworld Tour introduced a whole new concertrevenue streamwhen it became the first time advertising was used in a pop concert.Overall, the Spice Girls' earnings in the 1990s were on par with that of a medium-sized corporation thanks in large part to their marketing endeavours,with their global gross income estimated at $500–800 million by May 1998.

In his analysis of the group's enduring influence on 21st-centurypopular culture,John Mckie of theBBCobserved that while other stars had used brand endorsements in the past, "the Spice brand was the first to propel the success of the band".Christopher Barrett and Ben Cardew ofMusic Weekcredited Fuller's "ground-breaking" strategy of marketing the Spice Girls as a brand with revolutionising the pop music industry, "paving the way for everything fromThe White Stripescameras toU2iPods andGirls Aloudphones. "Barrett further noted that pop music and brand synergy have become inextricably linked in the modern music industry, which he attributed to the "remarkable" impact of the Spice Girls.The Guardian's Sylvia Patterson also wrote of what she called the group's true legacy: "[T]hey were the original pioneers of the band as brand, of pop as a ruthless marketing ruse, of the merchandising and sponsorship deals that have dominated commercial pop ever since."

Themainstream mediaembraced the Spice Girls at the peak of their success. The group received regular international press coverage and were constantly followed by paparazzi.Paul GormanofMusic Weeksaid of the media interest in the Spice Girls in the late 1990s: "They inaugurated the era of cheesycelebrity obsessionwhich pertains today. There is lineage from them to theKardashianisationnot only of the music industry, but the wider culture. "TheIrish Independent'sTanya Sweeney agreed that "[t]he vapidity of paparazzi culture could probably be traced back to the Spice Girls' naked ambitions",while Mckie predicted that, "[f]or all that modern stars fromKaty PerrytoLionel Messiexploit brand endorsements and attract tabloid coverage, the scale of the Spice Girls' breakthrough in 1996 is unlikely to be repeated—at least not by a music act. "

1990s and gay icons

Much as the Spice Girls broke (and still retain) records for chart-climbing in their prime, they remain an anomaly of the pop machine—still household-name famous two decades on. Perhaps it was their original prowess, or the press's continued fascination with them, but the Spice Girls remain a cultural touchstone while their contemporaries... have struggled to.

— The Daily Telegraphin a 2018 article.

The Spice Girls have been labelled the biggestpop phenomenonof the 1990sdue to the international record sales,iconic symbolism, global cultural influenceand apparentomnipresencethey held during the decade.The group appeared on the cover of the July 1997 edition ofRolling Stoneaccompanied with the headline, "Spice Girls Conquer the World".At the2000 Brit Awards,the group received theOutstanding Contribution to Music Awardin honour of their success in the global music scene in the 1990s.The iconic symbolism of the Spice Girls in the 1990s is partly attributed to their era-defining outfits,the most notable being theUnion Jack dressthat Halliwell wore at the1997 Brit Awards.The dress has achieved iconic status, becoming one of the most prominent symbols of 1990s pop culture.The status of the Spice Girls as 1990s pop culture icons is also attributed to their vast marketing efforts and willingness to be a part of a media-driven world.Their unprecedented appearances in adverts and the media solidified the group as a phenomenon—an icon of the decade and for British music.

A study conducted by theBritish Councilin 2000 found that the Spice Girls were the second-best-knownBritonsinternationally—only behind then-Prime MinisterTony Blair—and the best-known Britons in Asia.The group were featured inVH1'sI Love the '90sand the sequelI Love the '90s: Part Deux;the series covered cultural moments from 1990s with the Spice Girls' rise to fame representing the year 1997, while Halliwell quitting the group represented 1998.In 2006, ten years after the release of their debut single, the Spice Girls were voted the biggest cultural icons of the 1990s with 80 per cent of the votes in a UK poll of 1,000 people carried out for the board gameTrivial Pursuit,stating that "Girl Power"defined the decade.The Spice Girls also ranked number ten in theE!TV special,The 101 Reasons the '90s Ruled.

Some sources, especially those in the United Kingdom, regard the Spice Girls asgay icons.In a 2007 UK survey of more than 5,000 gay men and women, Beckham placed 12th and Halliwell placed 43rd in a ranking of the top 50 gay icons.Halliwell was the recipient of the Honorary Gay Award at the 2016Attitude Awardsand Chisholm was given the "Celebrity Ally" award at the 2021British LGBT Awards.In a 2005 interview, Bunton attributed their large gay following to the group's fun-loving nature, open-mindedness and their love of fashion and dressing up.The LGBTQ magazineGay Timescredits the Spice Girls as having been "ferocious advocates of the community" throughout their whole career.According to Bunton, the LGBTQ community was a big influence on the group's music. A desire to be more inclusive also led the group to change the lyrics in "2 Become 1"; the lyric "Any deal that we endeavour/boys and girls feel good together" appears in their debut album but was changed to "Once again if we endeavour/love will bring us back together" for the single and music video release.

Portrayal in the media

The Spice Girls became media icons in Great Britain and a regular feature of the British press.During the peak of their worldwide fame in 1997, the paparazzi were constantly seen following them everywhereto obtain stories and gossip about the group, such as a supposed affair between Emma Bunton and manager Simon Fuller, or constant split rumours which became fodder for numerous tabloids.Rumours of in-fighting and conflicts within the group also made headlines, with the rumours suggesting that Geri Halliwell and Melanie Brown in particular were fighting to be the leader of the group.Brown, who later admitted that she used to be a "bitch" to Halliwell, said the problems had stayed in the past.The rumours reached their height when the Spice Girls dismissed their manager Simon Fuller during the power struggles, with Fuller reportedly receiving a £10 million severance cheque to keep quiet about the details of his sacking.Months later, in May 1998, Halliwell would leave the band amid rumours of a falling out with Brown; the news of Halliwell's departure was covered as a major news story by media around the world,and became one of the biggest entertainment news stories of the decade.

In February 1997 at the Brit Awards, Halliwell's Union Jack dress from the Spice Girls' live performance made all the front pages the next day. During the ceremony, Halliwell's breasts were exposed twice, causing controversy.In the same year, nudeglamour shotsof Halliwell taken earlier in her career were released,causing some scandal.

The stories of their encounters with other celebrities also became fodder for the press;for example, in May 1997, at The Prince's Trust 21st-anniversary concert, Brown and Halliwell breached royal protocol when they planted kisses onPrince Charles's cheeks, leaving it covered with lipstick, and later, Halliwell told him "you're very sexy" and also pinched his bottom.In November, the British royal family were considered fans of the Spice Girls, including The Prince of Wales and his sonsPrince WilliamandPrince Harry.That month, South African PresidentNelson Mandelasaid: "These are my heroes. This is one of the greatest moments in my life"in an encounter organised by Prince Charles, who said, "It is the second greatest moment in my life, the first time I met them was the greatest".Prince Charles would later send Halliwell a personal letter "with lots of love" when he heard that she had quit the Spice Girls.In 1998 the video game magazineNintendo Powercreated The More Annoying Than the Spice Girls Award, adding: "What could possibly have been more annoying in 1997 than the Spice Girls, you ask?".

Victoria Adams started dating football playerDavid Beckhamin late 1997 after they had met at a charity football match.The couple announced their engagement in 1998and were dubbed "Posh and Becks"by the media, becoming a cultural phenomenon in their own right.

Other brand ventures

Film

Main article:Spice World (film)

The Spice Girls' bus used in the filmSpice World(1997)

The group made their film debut inSpice Worldwith directorBob Spiers.Meant to accompany their second album, the style and content of the movie was in the same vein asthe Beatles' films in the 1960s such asA Hard Day's Night.The light-hearted comedy, intended to capture the spirit of the Spice Girls, featuredRichard E. Grant,Alan Cumming,Roger Moore,Hugh Laurie,Stephen Fry,Elton John,Richard O'Brien,Bob Hoskins,Jennifer Saunders,Elvis CostelloandMeat Loaf.

Spice Worldwas released in December 1997 and proved to be a hit at the box office, taking in over $100 million worldwide.Despite being a commercial success, the film was widely panned by critics;the movie was nominated for seven awards at the 1999Golden Raspberry Awardswhere the Spice Girls collectively won the award for "Worst Actress". Considered acult classic,several critics have reevaluated the film more positively in the years following its initial release.Since 2014, theSpice Bus,which was driven by Meat Loaf in the film, has been on permanent display at theIsland Harbour Marinaon the Isle of Wight, England.

Television

Main article:Spice Girls filmography

The Spice Girls have hosted and starred in various television specials. In November 1997, they became the first pop group to hostITV'sAn Audience with...;their show featured an all-female audience and was watched by 11.8 million viewers in the UK, one fifth of the country's population.The group hosted the Christmas Day edition ofTop of the PopsonBBC1in 1996.The following year, a special Christmas Eve edition of the BBC series was dedicated to them, titled "Spice Girls on Top of the Pops".The group have also starred in numerousMTVtelevision specials, includingSpice Girls: Girl Power A–ZandMTV Ultrasound, Sugar and Spice and Everything Nice.Their concerts have also been broadcast in various countries:Girl Power! Live in Istanbul(1997) was broadcast on ITV,Showtime,andFox Family Channel;Spiceworld Tour(1998) was broadcast onSky Box Office;andChristmas in Spiceworld(1999) was broadcast onSky OneandFox Kids,among others.

The group have starred intelevision commercialsfor brands such asPepsi,Polaroid,Walkers,ImpulseandTesco.They have also released a few officialdocumentary films,includingSpice Girls in America: A Tour Story(1999)andGiving You Everything(2007).Making-ofdocumentaries for their filmSpice Worldwere broadcast onChannel 5and MTV.The Spice Girls have been the subject of numerous unofficial documentary films, commissioned and produced by individuals independent of the group, includingRaw Spice(2001),Seven Days That Shook the Spice Girls(2002), andSpice Girls: How Girl Power Changed Britain(2021). The group have had episodes dedicated to them in several music biography series, includingVH1'sBehind the Music,E! True Hollywood Storyand MTV'sBioRhythm.

Merchandise and sponsorship deals

Main article:Spice Girls merchandise and sponsorship deals

Hundreds of different Spice Girls-branded products were put on the market, includingcamerasand radios.

In the late 1990s, the Spice Girls were involved in a prolific marketing phenomenon that saw them become the most merchandised group in music history.They negotiated lucrative endorsement deals with numerous brands, includingPepsi,Asda,CadburyandTarget,which led to accusations of overexposure and "selling out".The group was estimated to have earned over £300 million ($500 million) from their marketing endeavours in 1997 alone.Their subsequent reunion concert tours saw the Spice Girls launch new sponsorship and advertising campaigns with the likes ofTescoandVictoria's Secretin 2007,andWalkersandMr. Menin 2019.

Viva Forever!

Main article:Viva Forever! (musical)

Viva Forever!is ajukebox musicalwritten byJennifer Saunders,produced byJudy Craymerand directed by Paul Garrington. Based on the songs of the Spice Girls, the musical ran at thePiccadilly Theatrein theWest Endfrom 11 December 2012 to 29 June 2013.

Career records and achievements

See also:List of awards and nominations received by Spice Girls

As a group, the Spice Girls have received a number of notable awards, including fiveBrit Awards,threeAmerican Music Awards,fourBillboardMusic Awards,threeMTV Europe Music Awards,oneMTV Video Music Awardand threeWorld Music Awards.They have also been recognised for their songwriting achievements with twoIvor Novello Awards.In 2000, they received theBrit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music,making them the youngest recipients of the Lifetime Achievement award whose previous winners includeElton John,the BeatlesandQueen.

The Spice Girls are the best-selling British act of the 1990s, having comfortably outsold all of their peers includingOasisandthe Prodigy.They are the best-selling girl group of all time.They have sold 100 million records worldwide,achieving certified sales of 13 million albums in Europe,14 million records in the USand 2.4 million in Canada.The group achieved the highest-charting debut for a UK group on theBillboardHot 100 at number five with "Say You'll Be There". They are also the first British band sincethe Rolling Stonesin 1975 to have two top-ten albums in the USBillboard200albums chart at the same time (SpiceandSpiceworld).In addition to this, the Spice Girls also achieved the highest-ever annual earnings by an all-female group with an income of £29.6 million (approximately US$49 million) in 1998.In 1999, they ranked sixth inForbes'inauguralCelebrity 100 Power Ranking,which made them the highest-ranking musicians.

The Spice Girls perform at the2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony.Their performance garnered over 116,000 tweets per minute onTwitterto become the most tweeted moment of the entire 2012 Summer Olympics.

They produced a total of nine number one singles in the UK—tied withABBAbehindTake That(eleven),the Shadows(twelve),Madonna(thirteen),Westlife(fourteen),Cliff Richard(fourteen),the Beatles(seventeen) andElvis Presley(twenty-one). The group had three consecutiveChristmas number-one singles in the UK( "2 Become 1",1996;"Too Much",1997;"Goodbye",1998); they only share this record with the Beatles and LadBaby.Their first single, "Wannabe", is the most successful song released by an all-female group.Debuting on the USBillboardHot 100chart at number eleven, it is also the highest-ever-charting debut by a British band in the US, beating the previous record held by the Beatles for "I Want to Hold Your Hand"and the joint highest entry for a debut act, tying withAlanis Morissette.

Spiceis the 18th-best-selling album of all time in the UK with over 3 million copies sold, and topped the charts for 15 non-consecutive weeks, the most by a female group in the UK.It is also the best-selling album of all time by a girl group, with sales of over 23 million copies worldwide.Spiceworldshipped 7 million copies in just two weeks, including 1.4 million in Britain alone—the largest-ever shipment of an album over 14 days.They are also the first act (and so far only female act) to have their first six singles ( "Wannabe", "Say You'll Be There", "2 Become 1", "Mama" / "Who Do You Think You Are", "Spice Up Your Life" and "Too Much" ) make number one on the UK charts. Their run was broken by "Stop", which peaked at number two in March 1998.

The Spice Girls have the highest-grossing concert tours by an all-female group across two decades (2000–2020), grossing nearly $150 million in ticket sales across 58 shows.They are also the most-merchandised group in music history.TheirSpice Girls dollsare the best-sellingcelebrity dollsof all time with sales of over 11 million;the dolls were the second-best-selling toy, behind theTeletubbies,of 1998 in the US according to thetrade publicationPlaythings.Their film,Spice World,broke the record for the highest-ever weekend debut onSuper Bowlweekend (25 January 1998) in the US, with box office sales of $10,527,222.Spice Worldtopped the UK video charts on its first week of release, selling over 55,000 copies on its first day in stores and 270,000 copies in the first week.

In popular culture

Geri Halliwell's swimsuit fromSpice Worldat theHard Rock Cafein Tokyo, Japan

In February 1997, the "Sugar Lumps", a satirical version of the Spice Girls played byKathy Burke,Dawn French,Llewella Gideon,LuluandJennifer Saunders,filmed a video for British charityComic Relief.The video starts with the Sugar Lumps as schoolgirls who really want to become pop stars like the Spice Girls, and ends with them joining the group on stage, while dancing and lip-syncing the song "Who Do You Think You Are".The Sugar Lumps later joined the Spice Girls during their live performance of the song on Comic Relief's telethonRed Nose Dayevent in March 1997.In January 1998, a fight between animated versions of the Spice Girls and pop bandHansonwas the headlining matchup inMTV'sclaymationparodyCelebrity DeathmatchDeathbowl '98special that aired during theSuper Bowl XXXIIhalftime.The episode became the highest-rated special in the network's history and MTV turned the concept into a full-fledged television series soon after.

In March 2013, theGleecharactersBrittany(Heather Morris),Tina(Jenna Ushkowitz),Marley(Melissa Benoist),Kitty(Becca Tobin) andUnique(Alex Newell) dressed up as the Spice Girls and performed the song "Wannabe" on the17th episode of the fourth seasonof the show.In April 2016, the Italianvariety showLaura & PaolaonRai 1featured the hosts,Grammy Award-winning singerLaura Pausiniand actressPaola Cortellesi,and their guests,Francesca Michielin,Margherita BuyandClaudia Gerini,dressed up as the Spice Girls to perform a medley of Spice Girls songs as part of a 20th-anniversary tribute to the band.In December 2016, the episode "Who Needs Josh When You Have a Girl Group?" of themusicalcomedy dramaseriesCrazy Ex-Girlfriendfeatured cast membersRachel Bloom,Gabrielle Ruizand Vella Lovell performing an original song titled "Friendtopia", a parody of the Spice Girls' songs and "girl power" philosophy.RapperAminé's 2017 single "Spice Girl"is a reference to the group, and the song's music video includes an appearance by Brown.Other songs that reference the Spice Girls include "Grigio Girls"byLady Gaga,"My Name Is"byEminem,"Polka Power!"(a reference to" Girl Power ") by"Weird Al" Yankovic,"Playinwitme"byKyleandKehlani,"Kinky"byKesha,and "Spicy"byDiplo,Herve Pagez andCharli XCX.

In the late 1990s, Spice Girls parodies appeared in various Americansketch comedyshows includingSaturday Night Live(SNL),Mad TVandAll That.A January 1998 episode of SNL featured cast members, including guest hostSarah Michelle Gellar,impersonating the Spice Girls for two "An Important Message About..." sketches.In September 1998, the show once again featured cast members, including guest hostCameron Diaz,impersonating the Spice Girls for a sketch titled "A Message from the Spice Girls".Nickelodeon'sAll Thathad recurring sketches with the fictional boy band "The Spice Boys", featuring cast membersNick Cannonas "Sweaty Spice",Kenan Thompsonas "Spice Cube",Danny Tamberellias "Hairy Spice",Josh Serveras "Mumbly Spice", and a skeletonpropas "Dead Spice".

Parodies of the Spice Girls have also appeared in majoradvertising campaigns.In 1997,Jack in the Box,an American fast-food chain restaurant, sought to capitalise on "Spice mania" in America by launching a national television campaign using a fictional girl group called theSpicy Crispy Chicks(a take off of the Spice Girls) to promote the new Spicy Crispy Sandwich. The Spicy Crispy Chicks concept was used as a model for another successful advertising campaign called the 'Meaty Cheesy Boys'.At the 1998Association of Independent Commercial Producers(AICP) Show, one of the Spicy Crispy Chicks commercials won the top award for humour.In 2001, prints adverts featuring a parody of the Spice Girls, along with other British music icons consisting ofthe Beatles,Elton John,Freddie Mercuryandthe Rolling Stones,were used in theEurostarnational advertising campaign in France. The campaign won the award for Best Outdoor Campaign at the French advertising CDA awards.In September 2016, anApple Musicadvert premiered during the68th Primetime Emmy Awardsthat featured comedianJames Cordendressed up as various music icons including all five of the Spice Girls.

Other notable groups of people have been labelled as some variation of aplay-on-wordson the Spice Girls' name as an allusion to the band. In 1997, the term "Spice Boys"emerged in the British media as a term coined to characterise the" pop star "antics and lifestyles off the pitch of a group ofLiverpool F.C.footballers that includesJamie Redknapp,David James,Steve McManaman,Robbie FowlerandJason McAteer.The label has stuck with these footballers ever since, withJohn Scales,one of the so-called Spice Boys, admitting in 2015 that, "We're the Spice Boys and it's something we have to accept because it will never change."In the Philippines, the "Spice Boys"tag was given to a group of youngCongressmenof theHouse of Representativeswho initiated theimpeachment of President Joseph Estradain 2001.The Australian/Britishstring quartetBondwere dubbed by the international press as the "Spice Girls of classical music" during their launch in 2000 due to their "sexy" image andclassical crossovermusic that incorporated elements ofpopanddancemusic. A spokeswoman for the quartet said in response to the comparisons, "In fact, they are much better looking than the Spice Girls. But we don't welcome comparisons. The Bond girls are proper musicians; they have paid their dues."TheWomen's Tennis Association(WTA) doubles team ofMartina HingisandAnna Kournikova,two-timeGrand Slamand two-timeWTA FinalsDoubles champions, dubbed themselves the "Spice Girls of tennis" in 1999.Hingis and Kournikova, along with fellow WTA playersVenusandSerena Williams,were also labelled the "Spice Girls of tennis", then later the "Spite Girls",by the media in the late 1990s due to their youthfulness, popularity and brashness.

Grant Morrison'slimited seriesThe Multiversity(2014–2015) had a team of five women calledLady Blackhawks,inspired by Spice Girls' names and hair they were named Killah (Scary), Monkey (Sporty), Red (Ginger), Princess (Posh) and Pixie (Baby).

Wax sculpturesof the Spice Girls are currently on display at the famedMadame Tussaud's New Yorkwax museum.The sculptures of the Spice Girls (sans Halliwell) were first unveiled in December 1999, making them the first pop band to be modelled as a group since the Beatles in 1964 at the time.A sculpture of Halliwell was later made in 2002,and was eventually displayed with the other Spice Girls' sculptures after Halliwell reunited with the band in 2007. Since 2008,Spiceworld: The Exhibition,atravelling exhibitionof around 5,000 Spice Girls memorabilia and merchandise, has been shown in museums across the UK.The Spice Girls Exhibition, a collection of over 1,000 Spice Girls items owned by Alan Smith-Allison, was held at the Trakasol Cultural Centre inLimassolMarina, Cyprus in the summer of 2016.Wannabe 1996–2016: A Spice Girls Art Exhibition, an exhibition of Spice Girls-inspired art, was held at The Ballery in Berlin in 2016 to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the group's debut single, "Wannabe".

Discography

Main articles:Spice Girls discographyandList of songs recorded by the Spice Girls

• Spice(1996)
• Spiceworld(1997)
• Forever(2000)

Concert tours

Main article:List of the Spice Girls live performances

• Girl Power! Live in Istanbul(1997)
• Spiceworld Tour(1998)
• Christmas in Spiceworld Tour(1999)
• The Return of the Spice Girls Tour(2007–08)
• Spice World – 2019 Tour(2019)

Group members

• Melanie "Mel B" Brown/ "Scary Spice"(1994–2000, 2007–2008, 2012, 2018–2019)
• Emma Bunton/ "Baby Spice"(1994–2000, 2007–2008, 2012, 2018–2019)
• Melanie "Melanie C" Chisholm/ "Sporty Spice"(1994–2000, 2007–2008, 2012, 2018–2019)
• Victoria Beckham/ "Posh Spice"(1994–2000, 2007–2008, 2012)
• Geri Halliwell/ "Ginger Spice"(1994–1998, 2007–2008, 2012, 2018–2019)

Timeline

Publications

Books

• Spice Girls (1997).Girl Power: The Official Book by the Spice Girls.Carlton Books.ISBN0-233-99165-4.
• Spice Girls; Cripps, Rebecca; Peachey, Mal (1997).Real Life: Real Spice: The Official Story by the Spice Girls.Zone/Chameleon Books.ISBN0-233-99299-5.
• Spice Girls (1997).Geri "Ginger Nutter": Official Spice Girls Pocket Books.Carlton Books.ISBN0-233-99321-5.
• Spice Girls (1997).Emma "Baby Talking": Official Spice Girls Pocket Books.Carlton Books.ISBN0-233-99322-3.
• Spice Girls (1997).Mel C "Tuff Enuff": Official Spice Girls Pocket Books.Carlton Books.ISBN0-233-99324-X.
• Spice Girls (1997).Victoria "The High Life": Official Spice Girls Pocket Books.Carlton Books.ISBN0-233-99325-8.
• Spice Girls (1997).Mel B "Don't Be Scared": Official Spice Girls Pocket Books.Carlton Books.ISBN0-233-99323-1.
• Spice Girls (1997). Cripps, Rebecca (ed.).Spice World: The Official Book of the Movie.Ebury Press.ISBN0-091-86420-8.
• Spice Girls (1999).Forever Spice.Little, Brown and Company.ISBN0-316-85361-5.

Magazines

• Spice Girls; Cripps, Rebecca (1997). "Spice".Spice: The Only Official Spice Girls Magazine.No. 1. John Brown Publishing.
• Spice Girls; Cripps, Rebecca (1997). "Girl Power!".Spice: The Only Official Spice Girls Magazine.No. 2. John Brown Publishing.
• Spice Girls; Cripps, Rebecca (1997). "Girl Power to the Max".Spice: The Only Official Spice Girls Magazine.No. 3. John Brown Publishing.
• Spice Girls; Cripps, Rebecca (1997). "Welcome to Spiceworld".Spice: The Only Official Spice Girls Magazine.No. 4. John Brown Publishing.
• Spice Girls; Cripps, Rebecca (1998). "Summer Special".Spice: The Only Official Spice Girls Magazine.No. 5. John Brown Publishing.
• Spice Girls; Cripps, Rebecca (1998). "Win! A VIP Trip to Our Concert in New York".Spice: The Only Official Spice Girls Magazine.No. 6. John Brown Publishing.
• Spice Girls; Cripps, Rebecca (1998). "Friends Forever!".Spice: The Only Official Spice Girls Magazine.No. 7. John Brown Publishing.
• Spice Girls; Cripps, Rebecca (1998). "We're Home".Spice: The Only Official Spice Girls Magazine.No. 8. John Brown Publishing.
• Spice Girls; Cripps, Rebecca (1999). "Spicy Xmas!".Spice: The Only Official Spice Girls Magazine.No. 9. John Brown Publishing.

See also

• List of best-selling girl groups
• List of awards received by the Spice Girls

References

Book references

• Beckham, Victoria(2001).Learning to Fly.Penguin Books Ltd.ISBN978-0-141-00394-8.
• Bravo, Lauren (2018a).What Would the Spice Girls Do?: How the Girl Power Generation Grew Up.Transworld Publishers.ISBN978-1787631304.
• Brown, Melanie(2002).Catch a Fire: The Autobiography.Headline Book Publishing.ISBN0-7553-1063-2.
• Golden, Anna Louise (1997).The Spice Girls: The Uncensored Story Behind Pop's Biggest Phenomenon.Ballantine Books.ISBN0-345-41965-0.
• Halliwell, Geri(1999).If Only.Delacorte Press.ISBN0-385-33475-3.
• McGibbon, Rob (1997a).Spice Power: The Inside Story.Macmillan Publishers.ISBN0752211420.
• McGibbon, Rob (1997b).Spice Power: La Verdadera Historia[Spice Power: The Inside Story] (in Spanish). Translated by Palacios, Mariana.Editorial Planeta.ISBN84-08-02335-7.
• Sinclair, David (2004).Wannabe: How the Spice Girls Reinvented Pop Fame(1st ed.).Omnibus Press.ISBN0-7119-8643-6.
• Sinclair, David (2008).Spice Girls Revisited(2nd ed.). Omnibus Press.ISBN978-1-84609-068-4.
• Smith, Sean (2019).Spice Girls: The Story of the World's Greatest Girl Band.HarperCollins.ISBN978-0-00-826756-8.
• Spice Girls; Cripps, Rebecca; Peachey, Mal (1997).Real Life: Real Spice: The Official Story by the Spice Girls.Zone/Chameleon Books.ISBN0-233-99299-5.

External links

• Official website