State Emblem of India

State Emblem of India
State Emblem of India
Armiger	Republic of India
Adopted	26 January 1950(74 years ago)
Shield	Lion Capital of Ashoka
Motto	Satyameva Jayate:; "Truth Alone Triumphs",; from the "Mundaka Upanishad",a part ofUpanishads
Use	National Emblem of India and official documents, currency & passports.

TheState Emblem of India(ISO:Bhārata Kā Rājakīya Cihna) is thenational emblemof theRepublic of Indiaand is used by theunion government,manystate governments,and other government agencies. The emblem is an adaptation of theLion Capital of Ashoka,an ancient sculpture dating back to 280 BCE during theMaurya Empire.The statue is a three dimensional emblem showing four lions. It became the emblem of theDominion of Indiain December 1947,^[1]and later the emblem of theRepublic of India.The State Emblem of India is an official seal of the Government of India. It is used as the national emblem of India and appears on official documents, currency and passports.

The emblem was adopted by the Government of India on 26 January 1950, the day that India became a republic. It is based on the Lion Capital of Ashoka, a sculpture that was originally erected at theSarnath,a place whereGautama Buddhafirst taught theDharma,now inUttar Pradesh,India. The emblem features fourAsiatic lionsstanding back to back, symbolizing power, courage, confidence and faith. The lions are mounted on a circular abacus and the abacus is mounted on a lotus. The wheel of the law, Dharmachakra, is in the center of the abacus. The wheel has 24 spokes, which symbolize the progress and evolution of human civilization.

The motto,Satyamēva Jayatē(transl. Truth alone triumphs) is inscribed below the abacus inDevanagari.The use of the emblem is governed by the State Emblem of India (Prohibition of Improper Use) Act, 2005 and the State Emblem of India (Regulation of Use) Rules, 2007.

The State Emblem of India is used by the Government of India and its agencies, as well as by all state governments and union territory administrations in India. It is also used by private citizens in India on letterheads, business cards and other personal uses, but with certain restrictions. The emblem is protected under the Indian Emblem Act and its use without proper authority is punishable under the law.

History

Following the end of British rule on 15 August 1947, the newly independentDominion of Indiaadopted an official state emblem on 30 December 1947. The emblem consisted of a representation of theLion Capital of AshokaatSarnathenclosed within a rectangular frame.^[1]The task of beautifying the original manuscript of theConstitution of Indiawas given toNandalal Bose(then the Principal of Shanti Niketan or Kala Bhavan Shanti Niketan) by the Indian National Congress.^[2]^[3]Bose set out to complete this task with the help of his students, one of whom wasDinanath Bhargava,then 21 years old.^[4]Bose was keen to include the Lion Capital of Ashoka into the opening pages of the constitution. Wanting the lions to be depicted realistically, he chose Bhargava who studied the behaviour of the lions at theKolkata Zoo.^[5]

On 26 January 1950, a representation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka placed above the motto,Satyameva Jayate,was adopted as the State Emblem of India.^[6]

Usage and description

The originalLion Capital of Ashoka,3rd century BCE,Sarnath Museum

Theemblemforms a part of the official letterhead of theGovernment of Indiaand appears on all Indiancurrencyas well. It also functions as the national emblem of India in many places and appears prominently onIndian passports.Usage of the emblem is regulated and restricted underState Emblem of India (Prohibition of Improper Use) Act, 2005,under which no individual or private organisation is permitted to use the emblem for official correspondence. TheAshoka Chakra(Ashoka wheel) on its base features in the centre of theNational Flag of India.

The actual Sarnathcapitalfeatures fourAsiatic lionsstanding back to back, symbolising power, courage, confidence and pride, mounted on a circular base. At the bottom is a horse and a bull, and at its centre is aDharma chakra.Theabacusis girded with afriezeof sculptures in high relief of The Lion of the North, The Horse of the West, The Bull of the South and The Elephant of the East, separated by intervening wheels, over a lotus in full bloom, exemplifying the fountainhead of life and creative inspiration. Carved from a single block of sandstone, the polished capital is crowned by theWheel of Dharma.

In the emblem finally adopted, only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view. The wheel appears in relief in the centre of the abacus, with a bull on the right and a galloping horse on the left, and outlines of Dharma Chakras on the extreme right and left. A horse and a bull are represented right below the abacus. The bull represents hard work and steadfastness, while the horse represents loyalty, speed, and energy. The bell-shaped lotus beneath the abacus has been omitted.^[7]

Forming an integral part of the emblem is themottoinscribed below the abacus inDevanagariscript:Satyameva Jayate(Sanskrit:सत्यमेव जयते;lit. "Truth alone triumphs" ).^[8]This is a quote from theMundaka Upanishad,^[9]the concluding part of the sacred HinduVedas.

Emblems of national bodies

Emblem of theSupreme Court of India
Emblem of theCentral Bureau of Investigation

Use on buildings

The State Emblem atop the dome ofVidhana Soudha,seat of thestate legislature of Karnataka

Emblems of states and union territories

Most of thestates and union territories of Indiahave adopted their own state emblem, seal or coat of arms which are used as an official governmental symbol, while six states and five union territories use the National Emblem of India with a text legend as their official governmental seal.

Some of theautonomous district councilsestablished by the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India have also adopted an official emblem.