Porphyriois theswamphenorswamp henbirdgenus in therail family.It includes some smaller species of gallinules which are sometimes separated as genusPorphyrulaor united with the gallinules proper (or "moorhens" ) inGallinula.ThePorphyriogallinules are distributed in the warmer regions of the world. The group probably originated in Africa in the Middle Miocene, before spreading across the world in waves from the Late Miocene to Pleistocene.[1]
| Swamphen Temporal range:Middle Miocene-Present
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|---|---|
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| Pūkeko,Porphyrio melanotusin New Zealand | |
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Gruiformes |
| Family: | Rallidae |
| Genus: | Porphyrio Brisson,1760 |
| Type species | |
| Porphyrio porphyrio Linnaeus,1758
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| Species | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Notornis | |
ThegenusPorphyriowas introduced by the French zoologistMathurin Jacques Brissonin 1760 with thewestern swamphen(Porphyrio porphyrio) as thetype species.[2][3]The genus namePorphyriois theLatinname for "swamphen",[4]meaning "purple".
Species
editThe genus contains ten extant species and two that have become extinct in historical times:[5]
Extant species
edit- Purple swamphencomplex[6][1]
- Western swamphen,Porphyrio porphyrio
- African swamphen,Porphyrio madagascariensis
- Grey-headed swamphen,Porphyrio poliocephalus
- Black-backed swamphen,Porphyrio indicus
- Philippine swamphen,Porphyrio pulverulentus
- Australasian swamphen,Porphyrio melanotus
- South Island takahē,Porphyrio hochstetteri
- Allen's gallinule,also known as lesser gallinule,Porphyrio alleni(formerlyPorphyrula alleni)
- American purple gallinule,Porphyrio martinica(formerlyPorphyrula martinica)
- Azure gallinule,Porphyrio flavirostris
Extinct species
edit- White swamphen,or Lord Howe swamphenPorphyrio albus(early 19th century)
- Réunion swamphen,oroiseau bleu,Porphyrio coerulescens(18th century, hypothetical species)
- Marquesas swamphen,Porphyrio paepae(prehistoricorc. 1900)
- North Island takahē,ormoho,Porphyrio mantelli(prehistoricor 1890s)
- New Caledonian swamphen,Porphyrio kukwiedei(prehistoricor more recent)
- Huahine swamphen,Porphyrio mcnabi(prehistoric)
- Buka swamphen,Porphyriosp. (prehistoric)
- Giant swamphen,Porphyriosp. (prehistoric)
- New Ireland swamphen,Porphyriosp. (prehistoric)
- Norfolk Island swamphen,Porphyriosp. (prehistoric)
- Rota swamphen,Porphyriosp. (prehistoric)
- Mangaia swamphen/woodhen,?Porphyriosp. (prehistoric) - would belong intoPorphyrula,GallinulaorPareudiastes
References
edit- ^abGarcía-R, J.C.; Trewick, S.A. (2015)."Dispersal and speciation in purple swamphens (Rallidae:Porphyrio) ".Auk.122(1):140–155.doi:10.1642/AUK-14-114.1.
- ^Brisson, Mathurin Jacques(1760).Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés(in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche.Vol. 1, p. 48,Vol. 5, p. 522.
- ^Peters, James Lee,ed. (1934).Check-list of Birds of the World.Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 207.Archivedfrom the original on 2019-04-04.Retrieved2019-04-04.
- ^Jobling, James A (2010).The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names.London: Christopher Helm. p.314.ISBN978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^Gill, Frank;Donsker, David, eds. (2019)."Chats, Old World flycatchers".World Bird List Version 9.1.International Ornithologists' Union.Archivedfrom the original on 20 May 2021.Retrieved3 April2019.
- ^Sangster, G. (1998)."Purple Swamp-hen is a complex of species"(PDF).Dutch Birding.20(1):13–22.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2019-04-04.Retrieved2019-04-04.
- Taylor, P. Barry & van Perlo, Ber (1998):Rails: a guide to the rails, crakes, gallinules, and coots of the world.Yale University Press, New Haven.ISBN0-300-07758-0
External links
edit
- Swamphens fighting, Centennial Park, Sydney,YouTube
- Swamphens fighting, Centennial Park, Sydney,YouTube
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